INTRODUCTION TO SPORTS Mental Sports - a mind sport is a game of skill where

the mental component is more significant than the

WHAT IS SPORTS? physical. Social Sports - these are the games such as in
- Sport pertains to any form of competitive physical team games/sports in which we meet more number of
activity or game that aims to use, maintain or improve people and increase our social network.
physical ability and skills while providing enjoyment to
participants and, in some cases, entertainment to SPORTS CATEGORY
spectators. Sports can, through casual or organized 1. Individual Sports
participation, improve one's physical health. 2. Dual Sports
3. Team Sports
-An activity involving physical exertion and skill in which
an individual or team competes with another or others OLYMPICS
for entertainment is called sport. The Olympic Games are an international sports festival,
held every four years. The ultimate goals are to cultivate
-The word "sport" comes from the Old French desport human beings, through sport, and contribute to world
meaning "leisure", with the oldest definition in English peace. Summer Games and Winter Games are held
from around 1300 being "anything humans find separately.
amusing or entertaining"
LOGO MEANING
HISTORY OF SPORTS
- Sports have existed for thousands of years
- Games like lacrosse, field hockey, rugby, soccer, etc.
were used as training for hunting or warfare
Even sports such as swimming and fishing developed
out of essential tasks.

Religious Nature of Sports

-Sports were a significant part of religious life
-Often the platform for honor gods (Olympics,
tournaments, etc.)
-Part of the honoring of warriors in funeral rites.

- Sports throughout history have reflected the social

norms of the time
ASIAN GAMES
- Ancient Greece: bull leaping, wrestling, foot and
The Asian Games, also known as Asiad, is a continental
chariot races
multi-sport event held every four years among athletes
from all over Asia. The Games were regulated by the
- Ancient Rome: gladiators, foot and chariot races
Asian Games Federation (AGF) from the first Games in
- Athletes were celebrities
New Delhi, India, until the 1978 Games.
- They would be given free meals, money, pensions, and
be well taken care of
SEA GAMES
The Southeast Asian Games, also known as the SEA
- During the Middle Ages, sports like jousting, sword
Games (SEAG), is a biennial multi-sport event involving
fighting, etc. were used as a way to keep nobility “busy”
participants from the current 11 countries of Southeast
between wars
Asia.
- Until the mid-1800s, sport is reserved for the upper-
class
SPORTS IN THE PHILIPPINES
- Is an important part of the country's culture. There are
TYPES OF SPORTS
six major sports in the Philippines: basketball, boxing,
Indoor sports- are competitive physical activities played
tennis, football, billiards, and volleyball. Despite being a
indoors. Some indoor sports are less demanding
tropical nation, ice skating has recently become a
physically like darts, chess, bowling and table tennis but
popular sport in the Philippines. Sports such as athletics,
there are also some action indoor sports played like
weightlifting, aerobics, and martial arts are also popular
indoor soccer and indoor cricket.
recreations.
Outdoor sports- are typically any game which must be
played outside, or otherwise requires a large play area.
- In 1898, American colonizers introduced the sport as
Baseball, cycling, golf etc. are examples of outdoor
part of revisions they made to the official Philippine
sports.
school system. Although the Americans also attempted
to teach baseball, basketball was the sport that took off,
CLASSIFICATION OF SPORTS
and just 15 years later, the Philippines won gold in the
Physical Sports - an athletic activity requiring skill or
1913 Far Eastern Games.
physical powers and often of a competitive nature are
called physical sports.
SPORTS COMPETITION IN THE PHILIPPINES within a particular institution, usually an educational
- Intramural sports are recreational sports organized institution, or a set geographic area.
Example: Sportsfest, College week
- Extramural sports is outside of the normal course of
study or outside of the school setting. Sports that you
play outside of school are an example of extramural
sports.
Example: Intercampus, Regionals, Nationals, and
Internationals.
- STRASUC Olympics (Regionals)
- SCUAA Olympics (Nationals)
PHILIPPINE SPORTS COMMISSION
- The Philippine Sports Commission (PSC, Filipino:
Komisyon sa Isports ng Pilipinas) is an agency of the
Philippine government which tackles matters
concerning sports in the country. The sports agency is
independent from the Philippine Olympic Committee
which enjoys autonomy from the government.
PHILIPPINE OLYMPIC COMMITTEE
- The Philippine Olympic Committee Inc. (POC) is the
National Olympic Committee of the Philippines.
- The POC is a private, non-governmental organization
composed of and serve as the mother organization of all
National Sports Associations (NSAs) in the Philippines.
PHILIPPINE SPORTS INSTITUTE
- The Philippine Sports Institute (PSI) is a sports training
organization in the Philippines. It is under the Philippine
Sports Commission.
VOLLEYBALL HISTORY
HISTORY
- In 1895, William G. Morgan, an instructor at the Young
Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Mass.,
decided to blend elements of basketball, baseball,
tennis, and handball to create a game for his classes of
businessmen which would demand less physical contact
than basketball. He created the game of Volleyball (at
that time called, Mintonette). Morgan borrowed the net
from tennis, and raised it 6 feet 6 inches above the
floor, just above the average man’s head.
- 1895: William G. Morgan (1870-1942) created the
game of volleyball but called the game Mintonette.
- 1896: The first exhibition match of volleyball is played
at Springfield College (called International YMCA
Training school in 1896).
- 1900: A special ball was designed for the sport.
- 1916: In the Philippines, an offensive style of passing
the ball in a high trajectory to be struck by another
player (the set and spike) were introduced.
2. Center Line
- is marked at the center of the court dividing it
equally into 30 feet squares (9m), above which the
net is placed.
- 1917: The game was changed from 21 to 15 points.
- 1920: Three hits per side and back row attack rules
were instituted.
- 1922: The first YMCA national championships were
held in Brooklyn, NY. 27 teams from 11 states were
represented.
- 1928: It became clear that tournaments and rules
were needed, the United States Volleyball Association
(USVBA, now USA Volleyball) was formed. The first U.S.
Open was staged, as the field was open to non-YMCA
squads.
- 1930s: The first two-man beach volleyball game is
played in Santa Monica, California.
- 1934: The approval and recognition of national
volleyball referees.
- 1937: At the AAU convention in Boston, action was
taken to recognize the U.S. Volleyball Association as the
official National Governing Body (NGB) in the U.S.
- 1947: The Federation Internationale De Volley-Ball
(FIVB) was founded.
VOLLEYBALL EQUIPMENT
VOLLEYBALL
• Volleyball Court - the first equipment required to
play volleyball.
• 60 x 30 ft or 18m x 9m - length of the entire in-play
area of the court. Each side of the court is therefore
30 feet by 30 feet in size.
• Lines – painted in all white.
 All lines are 5 cm wide. Must be of light color
which is different from the color of the floor and
from any other lines.
LINES ON THE COURT:
1. Service Line
- the area from which the server may serve the
volleyball, is marked 10 feet inside the right sideline
on each back line.
 FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT
3. Attack Line 1. Height of the Net
-Attack line, whose rear edge is drawn 3ms back - Placed vertically over the center line
from the axis of the center line, marks the front - Top is set at the height of 2.43 for men and 2.24 for
zone. women

2. Structure of the Net

- Net is 1m wide and 9.5-10 long (with 25-30cm on each
side of the side bands), made of 10cm square black
mesh.

HAND SIGNALS IN OFFICIATING A VOLLEYBALL GAME

1. TEAM TO SERVE

4. Boundary Lines
-Two sidelines and two end lines mark the playing
court.

2. CHANGE OF COURT

3. TIME-OUT

BALL
• Standards - Shall be spherical, made out of flexible
leather or synthetic leather case with a bladder
inside, made of rubber or similar material.
• Colors: Uniform light color or a combination of
colors.
• Standard regulation accdg. to FIVB, the ball must: 4. SUBSTITUTION
• Circumference - between 20-27 inches (65-67 cm).
• Weight - between 9-10 oz. (260-280 g).
• Inside pressure of 4.26- 4.61 psi or between 0.30 to
0.325 kilograms per centimeter square.

6. HELD BALL

5. BALL OUT
7. DOUBLE CONTACT
8. NET TOUCHED BY A PLAYER OR A SERVED BALL 10. PENETRATION INTO THE OPPONENT’S COURT

9. ATTACK HIT FAULT BY A BACK ROW PLAYER

11. DOUBLE FAULT AND REPLAY

12. BALL TOUCHED

13. BALL IN

14. BALL OUT

15. JUDGEMENT IMPPOSIBLE

BASIC SKILLS IN
VOLLEYBALL
VOLLEYBALL
• It is a ball game that consists of 2 teams in which a ball is
hit over a net, the aim is to score points by making the
ball reach the opponent's court.
• Volleyball has six basic skills: Serve, Dig, Pass, Set, Spike
and Block.
SERVE
 It is the attempt to drive the ball into the opponent's
court.
 There are 2 basic serve: underhand serve and overhand
serve.
HOW TO SERVE:
1. Underhand Serve
• First the player needs to hold the ball with their non-
spiker. The blocker needs to jump straight with
dominant hand, drop the ball slightly and finally hit the
ball with the dominant hand.
2. Overhand Serve
• First hold the ball with the non-dominant hand then toss
the ball 2-3 feet in front of the body and then hit it with
the strong and hard surface of the dominant hand.
PASS
• The ability to prevent the ball from touching one's court
by bumping or passing the ball extended arms and
spread fingers.
HOW TO PASS
• First the player needs to bend their knees for ready
position. The player also needs to make their forefingers
perpendicular and thumbs are parallel to each other.
Lastly when the ball is coming, the player needs to make
sure that their arms are straight and hit the ball either by
wrist and arms.
DIG
• The attempt by a team to properly handle the
opponent's serve or any form of attack.
HOW TO DIG
• Almost same as pass because it is both an attempt to
receive ball properly, but unlike in pass, in dig a player
can use different parts of their bodies such as hands,
foot, arms and sometimes legs just to save the ball.
SET
• A tactical skill in which a ball is directed to a point where
a player can spike it in the opponent's court.
HOW TO SET
• First a player needs to make sure that their hand can
accommodate the shape of the ball then set or toss the
ball above the head by pushing the ball and extending
their arms.
SPIKE
• An act of scoring the ball over the net into the opposing
court effectively and aggressively.
HOW TO SPIKE
• First the dominant foot should take the first step and
then follow by the non-dominant foot. For example,
right-left foot step then fast right-left foot steps then
jump and hit the ball.
BLOCK
• An action taken by players by standing or jumping at the
front of the net to stop or alter an opponent's attack.
HOW TO BLOCK
• First a player should be in a ready position: bend knees
and elbows, and hands are raise in front of the face. The
blocker should be alert and ready to run left or right the
moment the setter set the ball to the spiker. The blocker
needs to jump straight with extended arms and spread
fingers.
HISTORY AND EQUIPMENT’S IN
BASKETBALL
HISTORY
• Basketball was invented by Dr. James Naismith in
December 21, 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts.
• Dr. Naismith was a college professor who wanted to
create a game that his physical education classes could
play inside during the long winters.
• James Naismith was a Canadian-American physical
educator, physician, Christian chaplain, sports coach,
and inventor of the game of basketball.
• The first games used peach baskets nailed to the wall
for rims. The first ball used was a soccer ball.
• The game was called PEACH BASKETS during 1891 in
spring fields.
• The first 2 equipment’s used to invent Basketball:
Soccer ball and Peach Basket
• In 1893, he replaced the peach basket with iron hoops
and a hammock-style basket.
• 1906, they finally cut the bottom of the net, which let
the ball fall through the hoop
FACLILITIES AND EQUIPMENT USED FOR THE GAME
BASKETBALL
• The only essential equipment in basketball is the
basketball and the court: a flat, rectangular surface
with baskets at opposite ends.
BASKETBALL COURT
• For the international games is 28 by 15 meters (approx.
92 by 49 ft.)
• The National Basketball Association (NBA) is 94 by 50
feet (29 by 15 m). Most courts are made of wood.
• A steel basket with net and backboard hang over each
end of the court. At almost all level of competition, the
top of the rim is exactly 10 feet (3.05 m) above the
 court and 4 feet (1.2 m) inside the baseline.
BACKBOARD
• A backboard is a piece of basketball equipment. It is a
raised vertical board with a basket attached. It is made
of a flat, rigid piece of material, often flexi glass. It is
usually rectangular as used in NBA, NCAA and
international basketball.
• Size of a Basketball Backboard Width: 6 feet (72 inches)
• Height: 3.5 feet (42 inches) Size of a basketball rim
• The diameter of the rim is 18”
THE BALL
• Circumference – between 75 and 78 cm. (29.5 and 30.25
inches)
• Weight – 600 and 650 grams. (20 and 22 oz).
• Air Pressure – around 8 lbs.
• The ball is round and the outer casing should be either
Leather, Rubber or other suitable Synthetic materials
GAME CLOCK
• This is a clock that runs whenever the ball is in play, and
stops whenever the ball goes out of bounds or when a
fool is committed. Goal Tending.
• Game Clock Operation — Last Minutes of Play/Field
Goal. The clock stops after a successful field goal.
• Shows how much time remains in the game.
• Give-and-go: A fundamental offensive play in which a
player passes to a teammate, then cuts to the basket
and receive a quick immediate return pass for an open
layup or dunk.
• Tracks remaining game time. Regulation play in the NBA
is divided into 12-minute quarters (10 minutes in the
WNBA. College games are split into 20-minute halves.
Give and Go.
SCOREBOARD
• Is a large board for publicly displaying the score in a
game or match. Most levels of sport from high school
and above use at least one scoreboard for keeping score,
measuring time, and displaying statistics.
BASIC SKILLS IN BASKETBALL
POSITIONS
• Although the rules do not specify any positions
whatsoever, they have evolved as part of basketball.
• During the first decades of basketball’s evolution, one
guard, two forwards and two centers or two guards, two
forwards, and one center were used
• Since the 1980s, more specific positions have evolved.
Namely:
• Point Guard: usually the fastest player on the team,
organizes the team’s offense by controlling the ball and
making sure that it gets to the right player at the right
time.
• Shooting guard: creates a high volume of shots on
offense, mainly long-ranged; and guards the opponent’s
best perimeter player on the defense.
• Small forward: often primarily responsible for scoring
points via-cuts to the basket and dribble penetration; on
defense seeks rebounds and steals, but sometimes plays
more actively.
• Power forward: plays offensively often with their back
to the basket; on defense plays under the basket (in a
zone defense) or against the opposing power forward
(in man-to-man defense)
• Center: uses height and size to score (on offense), to
protect the basket closely (on defense), or to rebound.
SHOOTING
• The act of attempting to score points by throwing the
ball through the basket, methods varying with players
and situations.
• A player faces the basket with both feet facing the
basket.
• A player will rest the ball on the fingertips of the
dominant hand (the shooting arm) slightly above the
head, with the other hand supporting the side of the
ball.
• The ball is usually shot by jumping (though not always)
and extending the shooting arm.
• The shooting arm, full extended with the wrist full bent,
is held stationary for a moment following the release of
the ball, known as a follow-through.
• Players may shoot directly into the basket or may use
the backboard to redirect the ball into the basket.
THREE TYPES OF SHOOTING
1. Jump shot
In basketball, a player may attempt to score a basket by
leaping straight into the air, the elbow of the shooting
hand cocked, ball in hand above the head, and lancing
the ball in a high arc towards the basket for a jump shot.
2. Lay-up
A layup in basketball is a two-point shot attempt made
by leaping from below, laying the ball up near the
basket, and using one hand to bounce it off the
backboard and into the basket.
3. Slam Dunk
A slam dunk, also simply dunk, is a type of basketball
shot that is performed when a player jumps in the air,
controls the ball above the horizontal plane of the rim,
and scores by putting the ball directly through the
basket with one or both hands above the rim.
REBOUNDING
• The objective of rebounding is to successful gain
possession of the basketball after a missed field goal or
free throw, as it rebounds from the hoop or backboard.
• This plays a major role in the game, as most possessions
end when a team misses a shot.
TWO CATEGORIES IN REBOUNDING
1. Offensive Rebounds
- In which the ball is recovered by the offensive side an
does not change possession.

2. Defensive Rebounds
- In which the defending team gains possession of the
loose ball

PASSING
• A method of moving the ball between players
• Most passes are accompanied by a step forward to
increase power and are followed through with the hands
to ensure accuracy.
THREE TYPES OF PASS
1. Chest Pass
- The ball is passed directly from the passer’s chest to the
receiver’s chest. A proper chest pass involves an outward
snap of the thumbs to add velocity and leaves the
defense little time to react

2. Bounce Pass
- The passer bounces the ball crisply about two-thirds of
the way from his own chest to the receiver.
- The ball strikes the court and bounces up toward the
receiver.
- The bounce pass takes longer to complete than the chest
pass, but it is also harder for the opposing team to
intercept (kicking the ball deliberately is a violation)
- Players often use the bounce pass in crowded moments

3. Overhead Pass
- Used to pass the ball over a defender
- The ball is released while over the passer’s head.

DRIBBLING
• The act of bouncing the ball continuously with one hand,
and is a requirement for a player to take steps with the
ball.
• A player pushes the ball down towards the ground with
the fingertips rather than patting it; this ensures greater
control.

BLOCKING
• Performed when, after a shot is attempted, a defender
succeeds in altering the shot by touching the ball