COLEGIO DE LA PURISIMA CONCEPCION

The School of the Archdiocese of Capiz

Roxas City 5800, Capiz

Self-Learning Kit
in Media and Information Literacy

Responsible Use of Media and

Information
(1st Quarter – Week 3)

Prepared by:

RENALYN ROSE E. MANDIQUE

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FOREWORD

The K to 12 program promotes global competency by accelerating mutual recognition of

Filipino graduates and professionals in other countries. The goal of the K to 12 is to give
Filipino students enough time to master skills and concepts so that they are ready for
tertiary education when the time comes. For this reason, it is important that we begin with
a statement of the intended purpose for competency-based education.

In spite of the covid19 pandemic happening around the world, student learning should not
be delayed. We know that many have changed especially in the education system.
Change is inevitable and constant. This is the new normal for which we need to adapt
and be adept. In this event the so-called self-learning kit was reintroduced, developed
and blended learning is implemented throughout the educational system in the country.

Self-Learning Kit (SLK) was carefully plan what the learner should learn and how he or
she may best learn it. Modules are effective instructional materials which are student-
centered, geared towards the development of learning skills.

Students are expected to learn the importance of proper decision-making as part of the
new normal in their community. It is also hoped that by the end of the year, creative
thinking and awareness in media and information literacy will be productive, effective and
competent not only here in the Philippines but all over the world!
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PRAYER

“In the name of the Father and of the Son, and the Holy Spirit, Amen.”
Oh ineffable creator, deign to shed a ray of your brightness in our intellect,
taking from us the twofold darkness in which we are born, namely sin and ignorance. Grant us
a keen intellect, strong memory, method and facility in learning, subtlety in interpreting and
elegance in our speech. Enlighten our beginning, direct our progress and perfect our
undertakings. This we ask through Christ our Lord. Amen.
“In the name of the Father and of the Son, and the Holy Spirit, Amen.”

In Lesson 2, you have learned the definitions of Media Literacy, Information Literacy,
and Technology Literacy. When you understand and use various media forms to access
information, you consider yourself media literate. When you are able to recognize when
information is most needed and is knowledgeable on how to locate, evaluate, use, and
share it in different forms, you are information literate. And lastly, when you are digitally
literate, you are able to utilize different digital technologies and communication tools or
networks to manage information.

The previous lesson also explained that these three literacies all constitute, as a
whole, what we call Media and Information Literacy – a combination of the skills
mentioned above. However, media and information literacy is more than just definitions
and words in a book. For it to be actually useful, like many other skills, its concepts must
be actualized through our actions and decisions.

So, how are we going to determine if we are already literate? Let’s find out together!
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WHAT IS THIS MODULE ABOUT

It is undeniable that media, in all its various forms, have helped society advance and
progress. In fact, media have aided in shaping the world’s social, cultural, political, and
economic landscape to what it is today. The rise of technological advances have also
changed the way media is consumed and produced. These innovations created a faster
and much free- flowing movement of information and communication such as allowing
easier connection to people around the globe, opening more opportunities for sharing of
ideas, and creating more outlets for us to share our thoughts and opinions. However,
although media has brought about many benefits, it also has its fair share of disadvantages.
Moreover, the more we immerse ourselves in mediated communication, the more we lose
touch of the meaning, value, and authenticity of human interaction. Thus, it is important to
inculcate the proper use of media and information so as to maximize its benefits and not be
overpowered by its downsides.

WHAT DO YOU HAVE TO KNOW

In this lesson, you will learn your responsibility as a media and information consumer and
producer and how this affects society as a whole. Specifically, you will be able to:

 Discuss responsible use of media and information (MIL11/12IMIL-IIIa-3).

WHAT DO YOU KNOW

Pre-test
Before we continue, answer the short test below to see how much you know
about the next lesson.
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the letter of your choice.
1. When media content is fake, used out of context, or weaponized to attack certain
individuals or groups of people, its information environment is deemed .
a. clear c. polluted
b. reliable d. funny

2. This refers to content that contains false information with the deliberate intention
to mislead or deceive the audience.
a. Misinformation c. Mal-information
b. Disinformation d. Raw information
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3. It refers to information that is false, but the person sharing or

disseminating it unknowingly perceives it as something true.
a. Misinformation c. Mal-information
b. Disinformation d. Raw information

4. This refers to information that is based on reality but is used to inflict harm
a. Misinformation c. Mal-information
b. Disinformation d. Raw information

5. One of the core concepts of Media and Literacy considers the of all
media messages.
a. truthfulness c. beauty
b. marketability d. constructedness

6. How should we set our expectations for media if we want better quality
of information?
a. Very low c. Average
b. Low d. High

7. Which among the choices are the four components of MIL skills?
a. Access, Analysis, Evaluation, Creation
c. Access, Appreciation, Evaluation, Creation
b. Access, Appreciation, Extraction, Creation
d. Access, Analysis, Examination, Creation

8. The creative components of a media message – words, music, color, movement

– all constitute what element of a media message?
a. Author c. Format
b. Content d. Purpose

9. Avoiding throwing personal attacks is one of our responsibility as a media

.
a. consumers c. users
b. producer d. people

10. These are information that has yet to be examined or confirmed

a. Misinformation c. Mal-information
b. Disinformation d. Raw information
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What’s New

Responsible Use of Media and Information

We defined Digital Literacy/Technology Literacy as the ability of an individual, either

working independently or with others, to responsibly, appropriately, and effectively use
technological tools. This concept has something to do with issues arising in the digital
world today. With the growing trend in the use of technology, cases of unethical use are
also surging up. With this concern, ethical use of media and information should be given
great emphasis through inculcating Digital citizenship starting with Digital access. Digital
access refers to the ability to fully participate in digital society. This includes access to
tools and technologies, such as the internet and computers, which allow for full
participation.

Having full access to technology requires continuously developing norms of

appropriate, responsible, and empowered technology use which refers to Digital
Citizenship. Let’s take a look at the nine elements of Digital Citizenship to understand its
content.

The elements (9 elements of digital citizenship) have also been organized under the
principles of respect, educate and protect. To fully grasp it, take a look on the image below.
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Digital citizenship also includes Digital Etiquette which pertains to electronic standards of
conduct or procedures and has to do with the process of thinking about others when using
digital devices. Recognizing Online Proper conduct is a must and it has something to do
with “Netiquette”.

Merriam- Webster dictionary defined Netiquette as set of rules about the proper and polite
way to communicate with other people when using the internet. Common issues in the
digital world such as bashing and online bullying occur due to improper conduct online.
As a responsible online user, the following core rules should be taken into consideration;
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Rule 1: Remember the Human,

Rule 2: Adhere to the same standards of behavior online that you follow in real life,

Rule 3: Know where you are in cyberspace,

Rule 4: Respect other people's time and bandwidth,

Rule 5: Make yourself look good online,

Rule 6: Share expert knowledge,

Rule 7: Help keep flame wars under control,

Rule 8: Respect other people's privacy,

Rule 9: Don't abuse your power,

Rule 10: Be forgiving of other people's mistakes.

Learning is never ending, the more information we have, the more we seek for
more. With the birth of technology, access to information comes at the tip of our fingers.
However, despite of the leisure technology offers, people tend to abuse it resulting to human
conflict. Proper online conduct is a must every time in contact with the digital world to avoid
unpleasant situations.
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My Responsibility as a Media Consumer
As a media consumer, you’re not just a helpless sponge, absorbing all kinds of
messages without a second thought. Ultimately, media literacy teaches us that the content
we see or hear are constructed with various aims and that an equally important task falls to
the audience, the receivers of such content, to evaluate and give meaning to these media
messages. Some media messages are meant to be disseminated to the public, as in mass
communication, but at the end of the line, it will still be received by you, an individual with
his own set of understanding and thinking.

Indeed, “meanings are people.” Although a sender intends to relay information with
a meaning and purpose in mind, there will be always variances to how the receiver
interprets it, an interpretation that is influenced by his life experience, education, cultural
background, social standing, biases, and other factors. Thus, there is no absolute exact
way to interpret a media message. Media literacy skills help us think our way through this
complex process of communication. Furthermore, they help us function better in our media-
rich environment, enabling us to be better democratic citizens, smarter shoppers, and more
skeptical media consumers.

My Responsibility as a Media Producer

In the communication process, an individual may also be a producer of message
or content. So what is your role as a media producer? Let’s start with how it is defined. In
its most technical meaning, media producers are described as people who oversee media
projects (like films, TV shows, etc.) from conception to completion and may also be involved
in the marketing and distribution process (Gonzales, 2016). However, throughout the years,
the term has evolved to take in those who contribute intellectual or creative content through
and in media, even including your Facebook posts, tweets, Instagram photos, or vlogs.
Simply put, in today’s context, media producers are people who are capable of creating and
sharing information through a media channel – that includes you.

Technological advances in the Digital Age gave tons of people access to tools for
communication and media creation. However, this opportunity also opened a chance for
illegal and irresponsible making and sharing of media messages. Here, you will learn your
responsibilities as a media and information literate content producer.
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The Information Disorder
Information Disorder refers to the many ways our information environment is polluted –
content are fake, used out of context, or weaponized to attack certain individuals or groups
of people. Understanding this landscape is the first step towards better and responsible use
of media and information.

There are three categories of Information Disorder: Misinformation, Disinformation, and

Mal-information.

1. Misinformation – refers to information that is false, but the person sharing or

disseminating it unknowingly perceives it as something true.

A. False connection – when headlines or visuals do not support the content

B. Misleading content - by cropping photos or choosing quotes or statistics

selectively Example of Misleading Content:

Punongbayan, JC. (2017, August 5). Has change really come? Misleading graphs and how to spot them. Retrieved from
https://www.rappler.com/thought-leaders/177731-duterte-change-fake-news-graphs-spot

At first glance, you might think that the murder and homicide cases have indeed
tapered off in recent times. But the line graph dipped at the end mainly because the data
for 2016 was split into two periods: January to June, and July 1 to August 3. Connecting
yearly and monthly data in a single line graph is a big no-no, the visual equivalent of
comparing apples and oranges.
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2. Disinformation – refers to content that contains false information with the
deliberate intention to mislead or deceive the audience.

A. False context – when genuine content is re-circulated out of its original context
B. Imposter content – persons’ bylines used alongside articles they did not
write, or organizations’ logos used in videos or images they did not create
C. Manipulated content – when genuine content is manipulated to deceive
D. Fabricated content – fabricated “news sites” or fabricated visual

Example of False Context:

A set of photos circulated on Facebook along with

the claim that it was taken during a ritual done by
Catholic priests to make President Rodrigo Duterte
die.

The truth? It was from a symbolic street theater

activity called "Lamay para sa Demokrasya" at
Padre Faura Street in Manila in May 2018.
Source: Macaraeg, P. and Castro, G.M. (2019, December 31).
Year in review: The types of lies we debunked in 2019.
Retrieved 7 January 2020 from https://www.rappler.com/
newsbreak/iq/248246-false-claims-trends-2019

FALSE: Catholic priests ‘perform witchcraft’ to make Duterte die.

(2019, August 1).

Retrieved 7 January 2020 from

https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/fact-check/236285-
catholic-prients-perform-witchcraft-to-make-duterte-die

Example of Manipulated Content:

Source: Macaraeg, P. and

Castro, G.M. (2019,
December 31). Year in
review: The types of lies we
debunked in 2019. Retrieved
7 January
2020 from
https://www.rappler.com
/newsbreak/iq/248246-
false-claims-trends- 2019

Facebook page Tambayan Ni BERTO Page posted the photo on October 16, 2019, showing
Philippine opposition Senator Leila De Lima in a wheelchair and wearing a neck brace as
shown in what appears to be a screenshot of a live television news report. However, the
photo was manipulated by superimposing Senator De Lima’s face over former president
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo’s body.
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3. Mal-information – refers to information that is based on reality but is used to inflict harm

Examples:

A. Leaks to the press of private information for personal or corporate interest

(e.g. revenge porn)

B. Using a picture (e.g. of a dead child, with no context or false context) in an

effort to ignite hatred of a particular ethnic group

To put it briefly, the skills MIL teaches you boils down to these four components:

ACCESS ANALYSIS EVALUATION CREATION

to information of how media of a content's of a media

is meaning, content or
constructed value, message
to purpose, and
communication
tools point of view

WHAT TO DO

Activity: Fact or Fake?

Analyze and evaluate a shared Facebook post of an article from the Internet below.
Determine if such post is reliable or if it may contain false information and defend your answer using
the principles and guidelines previously discussed. Write your answer on the space provided beside
the photo.

_____________________________________

______________________________________

______________________________________

______________________________________

______________________________________

______________________________________

______________________________________
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WHAT HAVE YOU LEARNED

Do not forget that…

 Media literacy is the ability to read, analyze, evaluate and produce communication
in a variety of media forms.

 Information literacy is the ability to recognize when information is needed and to

locate, evaluate, effectively use and communicate information in its various formats.

 Technology literacy is the ability to use digital technology, communication tools or

networks to locate, evaluate, use, and create information.

 Media and technology (digital) literacy both use visuals, they are different in terms of
the use and production of communication, since technology literacy is more on the
application of new knowledge from digital environments.

 Technology literacy and information literacy are similar in terms of looking and using
information. However, technology literacy is more on the organization, evaluating
and creating information, while information literacy is more about using, managing
and gathering information.

 A media, information, and technology literate individual know how to cite and
acknowledge his/her sources. Also, know where, when and how to get appropriate
information. Moreover, he/she is knowledgeable on the appropriate technological
device that will be used in a specific situation
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WHAT HAVE YOU LEARNED

Assessment

Analyze each statement. Write Y for YES if you think the statement shows
responsible use of media and information. Write N for No if you think otherwise.
1. Kim checks the truthfulness of the news she sees online by looking into other
news outlets for the same content.
2. Kristoffer’s Facebook friend sent him through FB messenger a forwarded
message about an upcoming 7.8 earthquake in their locality. Rattled, he also
forwarded the unverified message to his family’s group chats, warning them of
such quake.
3. Rezza and her research group mates utilizes Google Drive to work on their study.
4. Isa helps her local barangay in their campaign against COVID-19 by
designing posters of local emergency hotlines and fast facts about the
novel coronavirus.
5. A friend sent me a video of a scandal from Facebook. Curious as to who the
people in the video were, I also sent it to several of my friends
6. Rebecca validates the source of a Facebook post before she shares it.
7. Deanne uses YouTube crash courses to complement her learnings in school.
8. Erika believes that print media like newspapers and books are useless
today because everything may already found on the Internet
9. Mark cites Wikipedia in his research study because he considers anything on
the Internet true and credible.
_______10.Andrew Photoshopped a false quotation beside a celebrity, published it on
social media, and claimed it to be true.
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References:

Yuvienco, Joel C.: “Media and Information Literacy, Being a B.E.S.T. Digital Citizen
for Senior High School” C&E Publishing, Inc. 2017 (pp) 2-7

DIWA Innovation in Education: Diwa Senior High School Series: Media and
Information Literacy (Second Edition) 2019 (pp) 2-8