CHEMISTRY PROJECT REPORT

“TO STUDY DIFFUSION OF

SOLIDS IN GASES”

SUBMITTED TO: - Mohini Ma’a

SUBMITTED BY: Sh!"a Na#a$
ROLL NO: - %&'%&()
CLASS: - *II S-%
SCHOOL: - Mo+!$n ,i+a Ni.!/an
 A0.no12!+#!!n/

First of all, I would like to express my heartfelt

gratitude and dedicate this to my teachers and thank
them for their faith in me. I would like to express this
gratitud
gratitude
e especially
especially towards
towards all my chemistry
chemistry teacher’s
teacher’s
incl
includ
udin
ing
g Me
Meen
ena
a Ma
Ma’a
’am
m and
and Mo
Mohi
hini
ni Ma
Ma’a
’am
m fo
forr thei
theirr
guid
guidan
ance
ce,, supp
suppor
ortt and
and enco
encour
urag
agem
emen
ent.
t. I woul
would
d al
also
so
like
like to exte
exten
nd my than
thanks
ks to Mo
Mon
nika
ika Ma
Ma’’am fo
forr her
motivation and help in the completion of this project.
Without them this project would not have seen the light
of day.

Sh!"a Na#a$
*II S%
AIM
 CONTENTES

• In/$o+30/ion
• O45!0/i"!
• E67!$i!n/ -'
• E67!$i!n/ -%
• E67!$i!n/ -8
• R!932/
• Bi42io#$a7h
 INTRODUCITON

When
When sus
susta
tanc
nces
es are
are rou
rough
ghtt in co
cont
ntac
actt with
with ea
each
ch
other, they intermingle with each other. !his phenomenon
is known as diffusion. "iffusion takes place very rapidly in
case of gases, to a lesser extent in case of li#uids and not
at all in the case of solids. $owever, diffusion of solids in
li#uids does take place, aleit at a very slow

If a solid is kept in contact with excess of solvent in

which it is solule, some portion of the solid gets
dissolved. !his process is known as dissolution of a solid in
li#u
li#uid
id,, and
and it ta
take
kes
s plac
place
e due
due to the
the diff
diffus
usio
ion
n of so
soli
lid
d
particles into li#uid medium.

Molecules of solute are in constant random motion due

to the collision etween molecules of solute and that of 
the solvent. It is this physical interaction etween solute%
solvent particles that lead to diffusion.
Di39ion

Hi#h Con0!n/$a/ion Lo1 Con0!n/$a/ion

 OBJECTI,E

!o demons
demonstra
trate
te that
that rate
rate of diffus
diffusion
ion depend
depends
s upon
upon the
following factors&

!emper
mpera
atur
ture& 's tempe
emperratur
ture inc
increa
eas
ses, the
the kine
kineti
tic
c
ener
energy
gy of the
the part
partic
icle
les
s incr
increa
ease
ses.
s. !hus
!hus,, the
the spee
speed
d of 
particles also increase, which in turn increases the rate of 
diffusion.

(i)e of the particle& 's the si)e of particle increases, rate

of diffu
iffus
sio
ion
n dec
decreas
rease
es. !his
!his is eca
ecaus
use
e the
the partic
rticle
les
s
ecome less moile in the solvent.

Mass of the particle& 's the mass of the particle increases,

the rate of diffusion decreases* as the particle ecomes
less moile.
 E*PERIMENT - '
!o st
stud
udy
y diff
diffus
usio
ion
n when
when co
copp
pper
er sulp
sulpha
hate
te is rou
rough
ghtt in
contact with water +li#uid.
R!;3i$!!n/9
-opper sulphate +-u(/ crystals, 011 m2 eaker
P$o0!+3$!
• !ake aout two grams of copper sylphate crystals in
011 ml eaker.
eaker.
• 'dd aout 31 ml of water and allow it to stand for few
minutes.
• 4ote the development of lue colour in water.
• 'llow to stand further till it is oserved that all copper
sulphate disappears.
• 4ote the lue colour change in water.
Con0239ion
When
When so
soli
lids
ds such
such as co
copp
pper
er sulp
sulpha
hate
te are
are rou
rough
ghtt in
cont
contac
actt with
with li#u
li#uid
ids
s such
such as wate
waterr, inte
interm
rmin
ingl
glin
ing
g of 
sustances, i.e. diffusion takes palce.
 E*PERIMENT - %
!o study the effect of temper
perature on the rate of 
diffusion of solids in li#uids.
R!;3i$!!n/9
-opper sulphate +-u( / crystals, three 011 ml eakers,
watch glass, wire gauge, urner tripod stand,
thermometer, stop watch.
P$o0!+3$!
• !ake five
ive gram of coppe
opperr sulp
ulphate
hate each in thr
three
eakers.
• 5our 011 ml of distilled water slowly in one of the
eakers. -over this eaker with a watch glass.
• 5our 011 ml of cold water in a second eaker slowly.
• 5lace a third eaker containing 011 ml of water on a
tripod stand for heating.
• serve the diffusion process which egins in all the
eakers. 6ecord of copper sulphate the time taken for
the
the diss
dissol
olut
utio
ion
n of co
copp
pper
er sulp
sulpha
hate
te in al
alll the
the thre
three
e
cases.
 E*PERIMENT - 8
!o study the effect of temper
perature on the rate of 
diffusion of solids in li#uids.
R!;3i$!!n/9
7raduated 011 ml measuring cylinders copper sulphate
+-u(/ crystals of different si)es, stop watch.
P$o0!+3$!
8 'dd 31
31 ml of wat
water
er to eac
each
h of the thre
three
e cylind
cylinders
ers..
8 !ake five
five gram
gram ea
each
ch of ig
ig si)e
si)e,, medi
medium
um si)e,
si)e, small
small
si)e crystals of copper sulpahte, and add them
separately
separately in three cylinders.
O49!$"a/ion9
(.4o. -rystal si)e !ime !aken to
"uffuse
0 9ig 0: Minutes
; Medium 0< Minutes
< (mall 3 minutes

Con0239ion
!he rate of diffusion of copper sulphate in water is in the
order as given elow&
9eaker< = 9eaker ;= 9eaker 0
!hus, (maller particles undergo diffusion more
#uickly than igger particles.

OBSER,ATIONS
(.4o. !emperature of Water !ime !aken to
"uffuse
0 011- 0> Minutes
; ;31- 03 Minutes
< ?11- ? minutes

Con0239ion
!he rate of diffusion of copper sulphat in water is in
the order as given elow&

9eaker< = 9eaker ;= 9eaker 0

!hus, (maller particles undergo diffusion more

#uickly than igger particles.
 RESULT

When solids such as copper sulphate are rought

in contact with li#uids such as water, intermingling
of sustances, i.e. "iffusion takes 5lace.

!he rate of diffusion varies directly with

temperature.

(mall particles undergo diffusion more #uickly than

igger particles.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

-hemistry +5art I !extook for -lass @II, 4ational

-ouncil Aducational 6esearch and !raining

-oncepts of 5hysics ; y $ - Be
Berma*
rma* 9harti 9hawan
+5ulishers C "istriutors

Wesite &

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