610oz ~Sssaldxy yoal Dd; 3 IS ONYour best choice for Wireless Documentation — “= Wireless Network Information Center BBUFamiy _ () RRUFamiy CaN raed Latest & most comprehensive docs SRANI5.1 = 56 RAN2.1 | “Deployment Preparation = eRANIS.1 | «Network Deployment 7 RAN21-1 | « Network Maintenance ~ oBss2i.t Easier access to the information = Correlation search funetion = Online tools in search results = Most relevant docs associated ett Knowiedse Wireless Network Bookshelf (sy ee Login 1 CN 1/Supp04 CO ‘Online shopping-like query tools = The Base Station Family = The Feature Family = The Parameter & Counter Family Rich multimedia documentation - Videos = Technical poster ~ Tech express & e-books Bolt Ue Cle Ro Meo) center via Carrier Support website. support.huawei.com/carrierWhat Is Online Feedback? Documentation Online Feedback is an online documentation feedback platform based on http://support. huawei.com. It provides a fast channel for resolving documentation issues identified during network operation and maintenance, and also helps users better understand documentation. What Are the Advantages of Online Feedback? i — 28 ane ie ain Response within 2 working days One-click commenting Official & standardized Resolution in 10 working days to author reply How Do! Provide Online Feedback? support.huaweil.com HedEx Brower Me Huawer Carrier Network Support Hox Toc’ Base Station Conant wih Saucon Toc’ ick for feedback Description ‘eRAN Feature Documentation gLibrary Information Quick View Description xp Rating siete tes Feedback | Leave acomment | Emre. 7 33] Email Feedback Ea anON CONTENTS Basics Ol) Basic Principles of 5G RAN O7/_ gNodeB Quick Start Architecture +i NSA Networking and Functions 17/ SANetworking and Signaling Feature 23) MIMO 29) Beam Management 22] Automatic Neighbour Relation (ANR) 36) ULend DL Decoupling 44) LTE FDD and NR Uplink Spectrum Sharing 46) _ Interoperability Between E-UTRAN and NG-RAN So] IPV6 Basic Principles Hardware . sa) BBU 6) AAU (Massive MIMO) 62) CPRI&eCPRI Solution CPE . 66) 5G C-Band CPE Product IntroductionBasic Principles of 5G RAN This technical poster provides only a general overview and does not const information, see the product BCE Case lel tale) 8G is introduced in 3GPP Release 16 to address the increasing demand of lower latency and wider band- width from more types of connected devices, far beyond the capability supported by any existing network. te any offers or commitments. For dotailed feature documentation delivered with the softwar Less than 20 ms of delay in train-to-ground AR/VR ultimate experience & BE = 0 92% ~iuwwavon fi OG ae Diversified non-directly-connected devices ee @ ‘5G focuses on three scenarios, namely Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications (URLLC), Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), and Massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC) to enhance user experience through technological evolution and revolution. BAY rR L es eMBB 01 / BasesNSA SA NSA\is a 5G networking architecture that builds 5G base ‘Ais an end-to-end 5G networking archi- stations upon a 4G network to achieve fast deployment. Huawei tecture, with 5G base stations directly solutions support NSA Option 3 and Option 3x already. connected to a 5G core network. Huawei solutions support SA Option 2 already. Option 3 gNodes eNodeB wx gNodeB UE 1% Data split anchor + Control plane data - Control plane data User plane data User plane data ‘8G needs spectrum within two frequency ranges: sub-6 GHz and above 6 GHz. Sub-6 GHz spectrum, which is further divided into the sub-3 GHz and C-band ranges, is the prime 5G band. Spectrum above 6 GHz, featuring abundance in resources, allows for ultra-high-speed 5G services in hotspots. Sub-6 GHz Above 6 GHz C NO ‘\ | (Mil | HII | mal (| () Visible light HR ep 123456 10 GHz | WRC-15 avaliable frequency bands for mobile communications |SWRC-19 candidate frequency bands for mobile communications The sub-6 GHz range supports a maximum bandwidth of 100 MHz and the above 6 GHz range supports 1GHz, much wider than 20 MHz supported by 4G. Basis /02‘There are two technology paths to 5G: 5G NR and evolution upon 4G. 5G NR (046 a «CSG Evolution U Beeld ‘The control plane protocol stack of 6G is the same as that of 4G. It implements functions such as air inter- ‘ace signaling connection management, air interface security, bearer management, and mobility manage- ‘ment. The user plane protocol stack of 5G adds a new protocol SDAP to that of 4G, which implements QoS mapping for differentiated service guarantee. Control plane protocol stack ial<—- aa a a Key 5G NR Technologies F-OFDM Filtered orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ({-OFDM) is a technology adopted in 5G to improve spectrum utilization. This technology reduces guard bands to the minimum through an optimized filter design and can thus deliver better system performance than OFDM used in LTE. LTE OFDM NR F-OFDM 15 kHz 15 kHz 30 kHz Guard band| Guard band Guard band: 10% Guard band: 2% to 5% Spectrum utilization: 90% Spectrum utilization: 95% to 98% 03 /BasiesNR supports scalable SCS compared to the single 15 kHz SCS in LTE. This shortens system delay and improves system robustness against frequency offsets. SCS options supported by different frequency bands eae] tery “We To be supported in later Huawei releases Slot Configuration Self-contained slot Self-contained slot is a new timeslot format that supports both uplink and downlink transmission in one slot. In comparison, the traditional TDD supports uplink transmission only in uplink slots and downlink transmis- sion only in downlink slots. Self-contained slot has two structures: DL-dominant slot and UL-dominant slot. The former is currently supported in Huawei solutions. Uplink control signal or SRS: Downlink control signal: shortens downlink acknowledgment delay shortens uplink scheduling delay DL-dominant slot UL-dominant slot Flexible frame structures Each frame structure defines a specific assignment of uplink and downlink subframes and can meet certain service requirements. Parameter groups for different frame structures | viagensioraae ; TE ee EI 4: 1 (DDDSU) aE) cd Each selt-contained sot i to 14 symbols. configuration period x2: number of DL symbols following DIL timeslots xt:number of DL timeslots _y2: number of UL symbols before UL timeslots yisnumber of ULtimesiots GP: number of GP symbols between UL and DL data transmission Basis /04|Example of slot configuration 4:1 (DDDSU) x: configuration period x1: number of DL timeslots yl: number of UL timeslots y2: number of UL symbols in a self-contained slot GP: number of GP symbols between UL and DL data transmission x2: number of DL symbols in a self-contained slot Channel Coding Control channel coding - polar code Polar code, a type of linear block code, uses matrix for encoding. Polar coding requires less SNR than ‘convolutional coding under the same conditions, while delivering 10%-30% higher transmission efficiency. Polar coding is used for the control channel in eMBB scenarios, Convoltonal SNR required Transmission efficiency Data channel coding - LDPC code LDPC code, also a type of linear block code, uses the check matrix for coding. LDPC features faster decod- ing speed than the Turbo coding used in LTE in high-rate scenarios. LDPC code is used for the data channel in eMBB scenarios. 06 / BasesModulation 5G introduces higher-order modulation schemes in addition to supporting all 4G modulation schemes. A higher-order modulation scheme modulates more bits of information into a symbol, thus enhancing the overall spectrum utilization of SG networks. QAM with different bits per symbol 16QAM 64QAM 256QAM 10240AM 4 bits/symbol 6 bits/eymbol 8 bits/symbol 10 bits/symbol = Represents multiple bits depending on amplitude anc ‘hase for mulifld improvement of spectral efcincy Comparison between 5G and 4G modulation schemes QPSK _16QAM__64QAM_256QAM © QPSK _16QAM_64QAM_"256QAM @ QPSK _16QAM__64QAM__256QAM Downlink @ __QPSK _16QAM_64QAM _256QAM_*1024AM “Tobe supported in ater Huawel releases Massive MIMO Massive MIMO uses more TX/RX channels and special signal processing techniques to improve the radio transmission reliability and signal quality and to expand the system capacity and coverage, which further leads to faster user rates and better user experience. Unlike the LTE that uses wide beams, NR supports narrow beams, which facilitates the concentration of transmit power. With 3D Beamforming, the narrow beams can adjust positions both horizontally and vertical- ly to cover the target UEs more accurately. This is different than the traditional beamforming, which can adjust positions only horizontally. (3)<—<= Massive MIMO. G Higher data rate (@Better user experience Glossary 5GC 5G Core Network (AMF Access and Mobility Management Function CP Cyclic Prefix EPC Evolved Packet Core eMBB Enhanced Motile Broadband LDPC Low Density Party Chock MAC Medium Access Contiol_mMTC Massie Machine-Type Communications NAS Non-Access Stratum NSA.Non-Standalono ‘OCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol PHY Physical Layer 8 quality of service ——_-RLE Radi Link Control RRC Radio Resource Cont SA Standalone SDAP Service Data Adaptation Protocel_ «SNR signalo-ciee rato URLLC Ultra Reliable and Low-Latency Communications WP ovssnsten oor. wn Copyright © Hane! Technologies Go, Lid 2019, Al igh reserved HUAWEI Basics / 06BY This technical postr provides only a gNodeB Quick Start eral overview and does n constitute any offers or commitments. For datalled Information, see the product or feature documentation delivered withthe software, ele R Titel ‘As a 5G network element, the gNodeB provides radio links between UEs and the network. U2020 EPC Transport network, moN 5GC UE —eNodeB Rel oles M are CMU lmUE Lice] Hardware Type Model BBU RRU AAU, pRRU RHUB BBU: BBUS900/BBU3910 Baseband processing unit (BBP): UBBPfw/UBBPg Main control board: UMPTe/UMPTg RRUS258 ‘AAUS612/AAUS6 13/AAUS614/AAUS313/AAUS310 pRRUS935/pRRUS935E RHUBS921/RHUBS923 Note: In NSA networking, the main control board must be a UMPTb, UMPTe, or UMPTg, and the BBP must be a UBBP on the eNodeB side. Pel ele eT Um LULL BTS3900C 07 /Basies gNodeB Model The gNodeB supports software versions of V100R015C00 and later. BTS3900/8TS5900 BTS3900L/BTSS9O0L BTS3900A/BTS5900A, BTS3900AL DBs3900 — = = eee eae V100R0—-V100RO.-—«V100RO.—-V100RO DBS3900 LampSite DBSSe00 Lampsite 12610 13010 15C00 15C10eels uta oly Gl supported Network Schemes In NSA networking, NR supports the Option 3 and Option 3x architectures. In SAnetworking, NR only supports the Option 2 architecture NSA Networking NSA Networking SA Networking (Option 3) (Option 3x) (Option 2) Data split Data split anchor anchor UE UE UE User-plane data Control-plane data gNodeB Support for SingleRAN Co-MPT: The gNodeB can only be used together with the eNodeB to form an LN co-MPT base station, Co-transmission: The gNodeB supports GULN co-transmission. itis recommended that a board with stronger processing capabilities be used for co-transmission. if boards have the same Capablies, itis better to use a legacy board for co-transmission, CCo-BBP: The gNode® cannot share a BBP wih another RAT current RF modules: RRUS258, AAUS613, and AAUS814 support NR and LTE TDD. AAUS612, AAUS313, and 'AAUS310 support oniy NR. pRRUS@3S and pRRUSOSOE support NR gNodeB Support for Fronthaul ‘The gNodeB supports eCPRI networking and CPRI Split point in eCPRI networking networking, The diferences are as follows: t 4 Lo RRC —— PoCcP —— RLC —— mac —— PHY —i— RF i i ‘eCPRI networking supports the star, Split point in CPRI networking load sharing, and dual-star topologies. aau)( aau ‘AAU | UBBP UBI =Hh : UMPT UMPT UMPT Star Topology Load Sharing Topology _Dual-star Topology Ring Topology CPRI networking supports the star, load sharing, dual-star, and ring topologies. "Note: AAUs support both CPRI networking and eCPRI networking. RRUs support only CPRI netwerking, Basis / 08gNodeB Operation and Maintenance Configuration Management Basic data configuration Differences in basic data configurations between gNodeB and eNodeB Difference gNodeB eNodeB Configurations in the APP MO “AT"=gNodeB "AT"=eNodeB MO for NE function configuration gNodeBFunction ‘eNodeBFunction Differences in basic data configurations between LN co-MPT and GUL co-MPT base stations Difference LN Co-MPT GUL Co-MPT Configurations in the NODE MO "WM"="CONCURRENT” "WM"="CONCURRENT* "WMEXTENSION"=COMM2 "WMEXTENSION'=COMM Relationships between MOs Relationships between MOs for NR basic data configurations for LN co-MPT basic data configurations NE NE 1 1 1 APP NODE "AT"=gNodes — 9Node8Function "WM"=CONCURRENT "WMEXTENSION"=COMM2 Transport data configuration Differences in transport data configurations between gNodeB and eNodeB Difference Nodes, eNodeB, Configuration mode Endpoint Link or endpoint NSA networking X2-U data, X2-C data, and S1-U data need to be configured. X2-U data, X2-C data, $1-U data, and S1-C data need to be configured SAnetworking Xn-U data, Xn-C data, NG-U data, and NG-C data need to be contfig- ured. NSA networking NSA networking SA networking (X2 interface) (S1 interface) (Xn and NG interfaces) gNode8Function gNodeBFunction gNodeBFunction ' 1 t gNBCUX2 gNBCUS1 GNBCUNG t 1 0 EPGroup EPGroup EPGroup y C4 tpt 00 / BasiesRadio data configuration gNodeB supports traditional cells and UL/DL decoupling cells. In UL/DL decoupling cells, DL data is transmitted in C-Band, UL data is transmitted in sub-3 GHz (for example, 1.8 GHz), and the NRDUGell MO needs to be configured separately for UL and DL. NRDUCell-2 NRDUCelI-1 [os sa ff a NRDUCeIITrp-2 NRDUCeIITrp-1 | taf fia NRDUCeliCoverage-2 SectorEqm-2 SectorEqm-1 License Management LTE UL4-Layer MU-MIMO UL 2x4 MU-MIMO NR UL 2x8 MU-MIMO UL 4x8 MU-MIMO DL8-Layer MU-MIMO DL 16-Layer MU-MIMO —> MU-MIMO Basic Pairing 1. Packaging of licensed software features into large-granularity features ‘The number of 5G sofware features is reduced to facilitate O&M. Glossary AAU Active Antenna Unit CGPRI common public radio interace RRU Remote Radio Unit WP cecrveriaion Dep ws CCopyrght © Huawei Technologies Co, Li 2019, Al nghts reserved. NRDUCelICoverage-1 24 NRCell —— Traditional cell example —— ULIDL decoupling cel example LTE Sales Unit NRC Une per Cell per RRC connected user er eNodeB per Cell per gNodeB 2. Normalization of sales units for software features “per RRC connected user” is no longer used as a ‘sales unit for software features. Users can determine the required values of license items for software features without the need to count the number of RRC ‘connected users or analyze the traffic volume. This avoids intersite adjustment of the number of RRC ‘connected users with the purpose of adaptation to traffic volume fluctuation. BBU Baseband Unit CPR! enhanced-common public radio interface (eCPRI) HUAWEI Basis /10NSA Networking and Functions This technical poster provides only @ general overview and does not constitute any offers or commitments. For detailed Information, see the product or festure documentation delivered wth the sofware 5G Networking Overview There are two types of SG networking schemes: non-standalone (NSA) networking and standalone (SA) networking. In NSA networking, Huawei base stations support the Option 3 and Option 3x architectures. in SA networking, Huawei base stations support the Option 2 architecture. This document focuses on NSA networking, ‘Control plane anchor % Data split anchor NSA Networking Options|§ — Option 3 ge Option 3x ge Option 3a C EPC EPC stu [stu SA Networking Options Option 4 Option 4a 5GC Nec! Neu — (Now NOW Xo : Xn 1 AvtitectreN; Gi Characteristics ‘* The NSA Networking based on EPC feature takes full advantage of wide LTE coverage and sufficient NR spectrum resources and allows operators to quickly deploy NR networks on the existing LTE networks, «This feature allows fast deployment of commercial NR networks and protects operator investment in LTE networks. * This feature improves service continuity and avoids frequent UE handovers and service interruptions caused by UE mobility in NR networks. Networking Fast deployment Protection of investment Improvement of of NE networks in legacy networks service continuity Concepts In EPC-based NSA networking, if a UE supports LTE and NR NSA dual connectivity (DC), it can connect to both an LTE eNodeB and an NR gNode®,, and use radio resources provided by these base stations for data transmission. Data can be transmitted through the two base stations. ‘Supported Network Architectures : 5 Option 3 Architecture Option 3 Option 3x The eNode® is the data split anchor. Either only the eNodeB transmits the user- plane data, or the eNodeB distributes some Of the user-plane data to the gNodeB. If the user-plane data is carried only on the eNodeB, the bearer is referred to as a master cell group (MCG) bearer. If the user- plane data is carried on both the eNodeB and the gNodeB, the bearer is referred to as an MCG split bearer. Option 3x Architecture The gNode® is the data split anchor. The gNodeB can distribute some of the Control-plane data —— User-plane data user-plane data to the eNodeB, and the bearer is referred to as a secondary cell group (SCG) split bearer. Supported Bearer Types MCG Split Bearer SCG Split Bearer S1-U St-U MeNB (LTE) SoNB (NR) MeNB (LTE) ‘Achitecture 12Key Technologies Carrier Management Carrier management involves master cell group (MCG) carrier management and secondary cell group (SCG) carrier management, The MCG of an NSA DC UE is the LTE cell group configured on the LTE side. The SCG of an NSADC UE js the NR cell group configured on the NR side. Intra-RAT CA specifications: (©) Core) DL: LTE supports 5CC, and NR supports 2CC. (Only intra-band CA is supported on the NR side.) UL: LTE supports 1CC, and NR supports 2CC. eNodeB (MeNB) et (Oniy intra-band CA is supported on the CC5(LTE) NR side.) ~L 0 Uplink and downlink band combinations supported by NR TDD: «)) MO UL: 26500 MHz to 29500 MHz DL: 26500 MHz to 29500 MHz UL: 2496 MHz to 2690 MHz gNodeB (SgNB) DL: 2496 MHz to 2690 MHz MCG carrier management: refers to LTE carrier management. It involves PCC anchoring and SCC management. ‘* PCC anchoring is controlled by the NSA DC PCC anchoring policy switch. ‘* SCC management is the same as the SCC selection policy in LTE carrier management. For details, ‘see Carrier Aggregation for LTE. ‘SCG carrier management: refers to NR carrier management. It involves PSCell configuration, Measurement-based PSCell configuration and blind PSCell configuration are supported Mobility Management in NSA DG Initial = SgNB SgNB MeNB SgNB RRC connection access addition change handover release release ‘SgNB addition ‘SgNB addition triggered by the MeNB ‘SgNB modification triggered by the SgNB/MeNB, and SgNB change SgNB changemodifcation TOT TT the SNE Intra-MeNB change without SgNB change triggered by the MeNB, MeNB handover and inter-MeNB change without SaNB change triggered by the MeNB SgNB release ‘SgNB release triggered by the MeNB/SgNB 13 /ArchitectureData Split in NSA DC Data Split Configuration ‘Select the bearer types based on service QCIs, and then set the uplink and downlink data split policies. Bearer Type Selection ' Data Split Policy Selection veo Ea] ' Beeston ot] fice sot © serine [>HCS tansmison ‘ \Guotbeser [foo >| Option 3 * aa [types SCG split t [SCG transmission Saf onion = LTE-NR dynamic | | data spl Data Split Scenario Examples * Control-plane data is carried on the LTE Uplink data is transmitted on the LTE side, and side to ensure mobility. downlink data is transmitted on the NR side. * User-plane data is carried on the NR side to achieve —— throughput and large capacity @ . O @ N A. A gNodeB i UE LTE ensures mobility and no interruption during ad a Saat handovers. NR offers large bandwidth and ULIDL separation addresses uplink NR capacity and high data rates. coverage insufficiency at NR cell edges. Uplink Power Control in NSA DC In NSA DC, the initial power control mode is used for UEs that initially access the network. When the triggering conditions for TDM power control are met, TDM power control is triggered in the uplink to improve the uplink coverage. 2) J CG gNodeB | TNR edge | Initial power TDM power control control Architecture | 14Interference Avoidance in NSA DC ‘The base station side adopts time division scheduling in the time and frequency domains to execute interference avoidance policies. The interference avoidance policies are classified into secondary intermodulation interference avoidance and secondary harmonic interference avoidance. Take the secondary intermodulation interference avoidance as an example: TDM is used on the LTE side to avoid colliding with NR control and data channels. The following figure shows the LTE FDD+NR TDD combination scenario. Assume that the uplink-downlink subframe configuration of NR TDD is DDDSU and the scheduling unit is 0.5 ms. When an LTE U subframe collides with an NR U subframe, LTE signals are not transmitted in this subframe. ‘Scheduling unit Subframe number 347 5 LTE 1.8 GHz UL, 4 ms. NR 3.5 GHz UL 05ms___|D[D|D] S|U}O]0]0| s[ujo[D]o/s jujo|o/o} s Networking Scenarios NSA DC supports the following networking scenarios and interconnection modes * In co-site scenarios, the LTE and NR base stations in NSA networking support Cl interconnection, intra-BBU backplane interconnection, and IP transmission interconnection. * In non-co-site scenarios, LTE- and NR-only base stations in NSA networking support only IP transmission interconnection. Co-Site Scenarios Separate-MPT LTE-NR separate-BBU separate-MPT LTE-NR co-BBU separate-MPT LTE BBU39X0&BBU5900 NR BBUS5900 BBU5900 UMPT(L) [UMPT(NR) UMPT(L) | [UMPT(NR)| cl Cl] | x2 control-piane data between LTE and NR is transmitted through IP transmission interconnection, and X2 user-plane data ‘Switch Switch is transmitted through Cl interconnection or IP transmission interconnection Co-MPT LTE-NR co-BBU co-MPT BBUS5900 [UMPT(LANR) Non-Co-Site Scenarios IP transmission interconnection between LTE- and NR-only base stations LTE BBU39X0&BBU5900 NR 88U5900 UMPT(L) [UMPT(NR) Switch 151 AvhitectareLTE Cloud BB+NR BBU ‘The newly deployed NR base station uses a BBUS900, and the legacy LTE base station uses Cloud BB. In this scenario, only IP transmission interconnection is supported. ‘Switch ClTES Cees ‘USU3910 BBU39X0 BBUS900 Cloud BB ployment Process NR BBU5900 Pee aa Ua} Deena) ‘Qualified main control boards, The LTE and NR frequency baseband processing units, ‘band combinations support RF modules, core network this feature. ‘equipment, and NSA-capable «The LTE and NR cells meet UES. the bandwidth requirements, ofthis feature. Activation Configuration ‘© Tur on the NSA DC switches on the LTE and NR sides. ‘Set parameters: neighboring NR frequencies, external NR cells, neighboring NR cells, PCC and SCG frequencies, data split policies, ‘and other related parameters. Deactivation Configuration Tum off the NSA DC switches on the LTE and NR sides. De eu) “The license control items for EN-DC Performance Enhancement and EN-DC ‘Optimal Carrier Selection are obtained. Peeeeuaa) ‘The X2 self-setup function Is enabled and the X2 interface can be set up successfully Glossary EPC Evolved Packet Core MCG Master Cell Group MeNB Master eNode NSA Non-Standalone PCC Primary Component Carrier SCG Secondary Cell Group Cell Primary Cel ‘SQNB Secondary gNodeB PSCell Primary Secondary Cell SCC Secondary Component Carrer WEP documentation Dept, wn wa Copyright © Huawel Teceloglos Co, Lid. 2019. Al rights osorved suawel Architecture / 16SA Networking and Signaling This technical poster provides only a general overview and does not constitute any offers or commitments. For detalled Information, see the product or feature documentation delivered withthe software 5G Networking Overview There are two types of SG networking schemes: NSA and SA. In NSA networking, Huawei products ‘support Option 3 and Option 3x. In SA networking, Huawei products support Option 2. This document focuses on SA networking Control plane anchor —_& Data split anchor NSA Networking Options Option 3 se Option 3x se Option 3a ( EPC EPC EPC* X26 x26 Option 7x Option 7a 5GC Option 4a SGC NG-U Nec! Nou IT ArchitectureSA Networking Characteristics ‘Ais standalone NR networking. The gNodeB and SGC are directly connected through the NG interface. The control plane and user plane services operate independently. SA can eliminate the anchor dependency on LTE and achieve standalone deployment. It is the target architecture of 5G network development. TT a a I Cae SA, the target network SA terminals do not involve Based on 5GC, SA can better architecture, requires smaller the dual connectivity (DC) _—_support key technologies such network reconstruction than technology. The terminals as network slicing and edge NSA. NSA needs to evolve are relatively simple, computing. to SA, requiring frequent featuring lev costs changes, Architecture ‘SA networking uses Option 2. It is an end-to-end 5G network architecture, which adopts 5G standards through the whole process covering the terminals, NR air interface, and core network to support 5G interfaces and provide 5G services. Connects the gNodeB and AMF for the implementation of NG control plane functions, NG-U Connects the gNodeB and UPF for the implementation of NG user plane functions. : Xn-C Connects the gNodeBs for the (-)) implementation of Xn control plane «) functions. implementation of Xn user pla oteats a ates ee Us Connects the gNodeB and UE for = the implementation of NR air interface functions. Evolution ‘Smooth evolution path from NSA networking to SA networking. Initial and quick SAINSA coexistence SAas final NSA deployment after SGC deployment 5G solution (sec 5GC_ | NSA =» 8G control plane interface 4G control plane interface — 5G user plane interface. © — 4G user plane interface Architecture | 18Basic Signaling Procedures UE gNodeB 5GC_| Signaling procedures for the UE to access the network to obtain basic [System information broadcast service: 1. System information broadcast ‘The gNodeB broadcasts the system Paging information to all UEs in a cell 2. Paging Random access When detecting that downlink data needs to reach a UE in RRC_IDLE mode,the SGC. Signaling connection establishment RRC connection establishment triggers paging for the UE, 3. Random access (RA) When the UE receives a paging message as a called party, or needs to establish a connection with the network as a calling party, NG-C signaling connection || the UE sends an RA request to the gNodeB. 4. Signaling connection establishment The signaling connection between the UE PDU session establishment and 5GC is established, which involves the RRC connection and dedicated NG-C connection, 5. PDU session establishment The 5GC triggers the gNodeB to establish a PDU session. System Information Broadcast ‘System information carries the key parameters and configuration information of a cell. The gNodeB broadcasts the system information to all UEs in the cell. AUE reads the system information when it starts and camps on a cell, reselects a cell, hands over toa cell, enters NG-RAN from another RAT system, or returns from a non-coverage area to a coverage area. MIB includes parameters 0 ®@ used by the UE to MIB ‘MIB: provides the SFN and acquire SIB1. information used by the UE to : acquire SIB1 SIB1: provides basic information SSIBI carries parameters 161 required when the UE initially which indicate to the UE accesses the network, including ‘whether other SIBs are the initial SSB-related information, ees intial bandwith par (BWP) (currently supported) or , information, and downlink channel ‘only provided on-demand St (encapsulating other SIBs)_| configuration, and SI scheduling (supported later). \*—~Cerodic broadcasy information, (periodic broadcast) Other SIBs: include SIB2 to SIB9 (currently supporting SIB2, SIB3, SI subscription request ane Sb) and provide moby | ETWS, and CMAS information (On-demand subscription) SI (encapsulating other SIBs) | SIBs with the same scheduling period can be encapsulated in |_the same SI After reading SI messages proactively, the UE does not read the messages repeatedly. Only after receiving the SI update indication in a BCCH modification period, the UE receives updated SI messages in the next BCCH modification period. 10 Avtitectare i Change notification Pal Updated information Cao} ] __BCCH modification period (n) In this figure, different colors indicate different SI messages. 1__BCCH modification period (n+1)Paging When detecting that downlink data needs to reach a UE in RRC_IDLE mode, the SGC triggers paging for the UE. The final paging message is delivered by the gNodeB to the UE over the air interface. 1 9 & Paging Calculating PF&PO Paging Each UE receives a paging message only at a fixed time-domain position (determined by the PF and PO) over the air interface. T: paging cycle T T T PF: a radio frame. It indicates the paging start frame and contains multiple complete POs. PO: a set of PDCCH monitoring ‘occasions. It consists of multiple slots, The length of one PO is equal to one beam sweeping period (corresponding to multiple SSB beams and supporting sgB ‘SSB ‘SSB the sweeping of all the cell coverage | ranges), andthe paging messages | a 4 sent on each SSB beam are the same. RA When a UE receives a paging message as a called party, or needs to establish a connection with the network as a calling party, the UE performs RA. During RA, the UE sends an RA request to the gNodeB, and the gNodeB responds to the request, allocating dedicated resources to the UE for proper service transmission. Depending on whether contention is applied, RA can either be contention-1 contention-free. * Contention-based random access (CBRA) 0 sed or AE randomly Random Access selects an RA Preamble (Msg1) preamble tobe sent |-————> fo the gNodeB, and the preambles Random Access solected by diferent |_ _ Response (Msg2) UEsmaycontict = [* | Giirisch singe Scheduled Transmission MI ‘tor the UE sends (eas) ‘Msg3, @ contention resolution timer Contention Resolution (CR timer) stars, (Msg4) The gNodeB uses a contention resolution mechanism to handle access requests of different UEs. Aechtecture 20‘* Contention-free random access (CFRA) 0 @ RA Preamble Assignment ‘The gNodeB allocates dedicated access preambles Random Access Preamble (Msg1) to UEs, and therefore preamble Random Access Response (Msg2) Seats ees ‘Scheduled Transmission (Msg3) Different RA types triggered in different scenarios Oreo) Pe eld ald ad lal RRC When 8 UE scarged rom RRC.IOLE mode io RRC.CONNECTED move, cana Oe OP ee es aae ens Pees RC cremecion | Ar dlecngw radon Tien, 8 UE hii RA eooabbian RRC | gpa, one oe Hondove Dupe siaaiove Ucvuer CANS mip ow crn mark dum | Wien nid ied ani doit dala wa UE tata RE Down CONNEe ED mods butbecomes tink ceteteycwentaion he GNodes — CBRA Cae UEC nar Up ta hen a UE tis in RRC_CONNECTED mode but becomes ulnkutec capa ee ee er ere Signaling Connection Establishment Signaling connection establishment between the UE and 5GC follows upon RA completion. This procedure involves the RRC connection and dedicated NG-C connection. RRC connection setup Dedicated NG-C connection setup 0 @ Oo. @ & RRCSetupRequest ' RRCSetupComplete Goreecnds | >| InitialUeMessage to Msg3 in : & | [ NAS message transport Econ) | |_CIDENTVAUTHINAS SMCIREGISTRATIONV... ) setup |] ecuntyModeCommand]atitalContextSetupReq cs J ‘Admission and |: ‘SecurityModeComplete SRB1 resource): [————_>| allocation | | — | UECapablityEnquiry ' _ | [UECapabittyinformation) YEcapabilityinfoind : RRCSetup ii 4 = ‘oaei ft] |_| | RRCRecontiguration SAAS: : RRCSetupComplete | | | [RRCReconfguratonComplet Setup = initiaIContextSetupRsp | [ rttalontentSetuprtep,| ‘SRB1 carries RRC signaling after the RRC__! This procedure triggers the SRB2 and ORB setup only when the Connection setup success, and NAS signaling {InitalContextSetuprteq message contains the PDU Session Resource before SRB2 setup. !Setup Request List IE. SRE carries NAS signaling, It has a lower ‘porty than SRB1, and can be set up only alter security mode activation. ORB carries user plane data 21 / ArchitecturePDU Session Establishment If the UE requests a service after signaling connection completion, the SGC instructs the gNodeB to set up a PDU session, O ® & PDUSessionSetupReq DRBicaris | wae [-RRORScontiquration user plane data.’ Setup | RRCReconfigurationCmp L BRE Reeniowrationcm | PDUSessionSetupRsp porwr? Multiple PDU sessions can be set up for a UE, and each PDU session can include multiple QoS flows. ‘APDU session consists of one NG-U tunnel and several DRBs. The gNodeB needs to map QoS flows to DRBs. QoS flows can have a many-to-one or one-to-one mapping relationship with DRBs. NG-RAN 860 gNodeB PDU Session DRB NG-U Tunnel QoS Flow uu NG-U Glossary 56¢ 5G Core Network NSANon-Standalone AMF Access and Mobily Management Function BWP BandWidth Pert BRA Contention Based Random Access CFRA Contention free Random Accoss ‘CMAS Commercial Mobile Alert System DRE Data Radio Bearer LTE enterprise Long Term Evolution EPG Evolved Packet Core ETWS Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System ETE Long Term Evolution [MIB Master Information Block NG-RAN NG Radio Access Network NR New Rado Se Copyright © Huawel Technologies Co, Lid. 2019. All ighs reserved. PDU Packet Data Unit PE Pacing Frame PO Paging Occasion QoS Quality of Service RA Random Access RRC Radio Resource Control SA Standalone 'S1System Information 'SIB System Information Block ‘SRB Signaling Radio Bearer ‘$88 Synchronization Signal and PECH block UUPF User Plane Function HUAWEI Architecture | 22‘This technical poster provides only a general overview and does not constitute any offers or commitments, For detailed information, see the product or feature documentation delivered with the software EFCC [geared 5G faces performance challenges in terms of peak throughput and system capacity. It adopts larger bandwidths (100 MHz or more) or higher frequency bands (such as a 3.5 GHz band, a typical band for 56). The Friis transmission equation states that the higher the frequency band, the larger the propagation loss. Power cannot be Increased infinitely, the dstance between base stations and @ 9 UEs cannot be easily shortened, and there are limited low band resources, How can we optimize 56 networks efficiently? According to the equation, only two options are left What measures can we take? > Gee value of MIMO ee Cee Using multiple receive (RX) and transmit (TX) antennas can result in higher antenna gains and significantly increase peak throughput and system capacity 23 Foatureion ‘Multipie-input multiple-output (MIMO) uses multiple-antenna technologies for transmission and reception. MIMO boosts array, diversity, beamforming, and spatial multiplexing gains, and improves. system performance and spectral efficiency. 1. Using massive- See ena) “FF Sane ose by Signal from ‘Signal from ‘multiple antennas antenna 1 + + antenna Higher SINR white wie WD ito noise noise noise er oven eee ewe coverage Signal recoved sonal tom _Y mutitoatenr | Signal from Yantennat + - Y antennan == No deep tading Improving oe ie directional beams Expanding] ‘spectral Pe ee eae 7 Ew ig | nu COS OOS x peak Ton en cue {throughput eeu asa Time Time i Feature /24Technical Principles Massive-Scale Antenna Arrays Massive-scale antenna arrays used on the base station side include hundreds of antenna elements. These elements form hundreds of independent channels for sending bit streams at the same time. ‘The RX end performs many channel estimation operations to achieve diversity and multiplexing. 272R = 4TAR 8T8R 32T32R 64T64R xx MK XXX ERX XR XR x XX XXXX XXX x XxX KXxXxxXX xx XX x KK KKK xx Kx x KK KKK xx KK LTE MIMO generally uses 1, 2, or 4 antenna. 5G MIMO generally uses 8 or 16 antenna Increasing the number of TX and RX antennas can significantly improve uplink reception and ‘combining, downlink beamforming, and uplink and downlink spatial multiplexing Bp base station uses multiple antennas to receive signals from multiple channels. It hen weights and combines these signals to increase signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and stability. A k Receive Diversity o wi _ we Signals are correlated while white he + noises are not. Consequently, , Yat dy Sitting cigat can nro ho i ~ + |~—> SNR. Gain increases with the ~ by 7 number of antennas. When the ee Wow number of antennas doubles, V. & coverage increases by 3 dB. Uplink coverage is improved by allowing the use of up to 64 antennas for reception and combining, Uplink capacity is improved by allowing the use of up to 8 layers for data transmission. 25) FeatueDownlink Beamforming 5G uses beamforming for mult-antenna transmission by default. Beamforming in 5G is similar to transmission mode 9 (TM9) in LTE and has better coverage due to the use of more antennas. Beamforming gains from antenna arrays can counteract the extra loss caused by high frequency propagation 8388 _— Beamforming generates narrower beams when antenna arrays are farther apart and composed of more antenna elements. Narrower beams result in lower interference, laying a foundation for efficient spatial multiplexing, @ @ 2-47 Beam direction becomes more flexible and vertical coverage improves as the number of TX and RX antennas increase. 64T64R creates four-layer coverage on the vertical plane. wbw i Spatial Multiplexing This technology performs space division based on antenna arrays and beamforming. It generates different beams al the same time and on the same frequency. This reduces transmission interference. | Antenna |_mapping maximum of xlayers yantenna ports © X fe ~ forms a spatial py ® channel and fare tos LO ~S Pa fo oe Example of multiuser spatial multiplexing z| Layer mapping Preceding 2 Bs 24 Data streams are mapped onto || Precoding isan adaptive mmuttiple layers for paraile! ‘mult-antenna technology. it transmission. The number of _ changes signal directions by layers is equal to the number of adaptively adjusting precoding multiplexed data streams ‘matrixes on the TX end based processed in precoding. (on channel state information. ‘Spatial multiplexing can be used for a single UE with multiple antennas to increase its throughput Spatial multiplexing can also be used for multiple UEs to increase the system throughput by treating their antennas as a whole. Feature / 26Technical Applications Beam Management In a New Radio (NR) system, massive-scale antenna arrays and beamforming create three-dimensional (3D) beam coverage for each channel. 2 EE EES Diverse scenarios can be configured to meet coverage Broadcast channel and Broadcast beam requirements such as wide coverage, building coverage, and synchronization signal beam _fevutermens Se Sufficient UEevel beams are designed and 3D beamforming is Control channel and Control beam een Supported to meat he coverage eauement fl pens in aes ee ee Beams can be dynamicaly adjusted based on factors such as UE behavior and channel status SU-MIMO Single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) uses massive-scale antenna arrays, beamforming, and SU spatial multiplexing. It allows for mult-layer data transmissions on the same time-frequency resources for a single UE to increase the UE's peak rate in both uplink and downlink. aes oR S00 PLES RB (PUSCH RB for uplink oF PDSCH RB for downlink) MU-MIMO Multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) uses massive-scale antenna arrays, beamforming, and MU spatial multiplexing. It allows for multi-layer data transmissions on the same time-frequency resources for multiple UEs to increase system capacity in both uplink and downlink. (ES | Senses PDSCH 16 PDCCH 4 PUSCH 8 27 FeatureNumber Pairing Nopaiing — NamPer (ues [ues Qjvez [ues UE 10 RB (PUSCH RB for uplink or PDSCH/PDCCH RB for downlink) Performance Comparison and Deployment Suggestions Performance Comparison Increasing the number of TX and RX antennas brings higher array, diversity, beamforming, and spatial multiplexing gains. Overall, more antennas result in better system performance (for example, cell coverage and capacity) and user experience. 8T8R 32T32R, 64TB4R a ae EZ wl i 8 ll « ») il all « )) ul A tt! afl all all A ull atl FS Deployment Suggestions ‘8TBR can be deployed in 32T32R, which has high G4TG4R has the best scenarios with low capacity performance and low TCO, performance and is therefore requirements. can promote rapid and the best choice when there large-scale deployment of are high capacity and 5G. Deployment of 32T32R coverage requirements. is recommended for urban Deployment of 64T64R is areas to provide Gbps recommended for city centers anytime and anywhere. and similar areas, Glossary CSI-RS Channel State Information Reference Signal MIMO Multiple-Input Muttple-Output MU-MIMO Muli-User MIMO NR New Radio PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel PDSGH Physical Downlink Shared Channel PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel PUSCH Physical Upiink Shared Channel RB Resource Block 88 Synchronization Signal 'SU-MIMO Single-User MIMO ‘TCO Total Cost of Operation XxTxR x Transmit Antennas and x Receive Antennas WA oveinsrsion dot un (Copyright © Huswel Technologies Co, Lid 2019, Al ght reared. Huawel Feature 28Beam Management This technical poster provides only @ general overview and does not constitute any offers or commitments. For detailed Information, see the product or feature documentation delivered withthe sofware, Background The NR system supports multiple-antenna and beamforming technologies. Each type of channel can use narrow beams with higher energy density and better directivity. Benefit: Given the same transmit power, a narrow beam in an NR cell covers a longer distance than a wide beam in an LTE cell Weakness: A narrow beam’s coverage is limited. It cannot cover all UES in a cell or ensure each UE in the cell obtains maximum signal energy. Beam management is introduced to systematically design and manage beams for each type of channel, achieving optimal system performance. EER Cie oa Coe Se MCC ETC Beams for PBCH and SS Static beam feted ics tresscaet beara) UE initial access Boams for PUCCH, PDGCH, and CSI-RS. coins beata (referred to as control beams) UE data transmission ee ‘Beams for PUSCH and POSCH (referred to as traffic beams) Static Beams Static beams are beams determined by the arrangement of a cell's antenna elements. Static beams include broadcast beams and control beams. Feros aut 0 wer 29 BOO 2000 = 29) FeatureDynamic Beams Dynamic beams are beams of adaptive shape and direction depending on factors such as the UE behavior and channel status. Dynamic beams are used for the traffic channels. 1 Traffic beams Beam Usage aS Usage policy for static beams The gNodeB selects appropriate beams for broadcast channels/synchronization signals and control channels/pilot signals to transmit information. Brosdaast Dearie: [fie BNogeH uses these beams In Control beams: UEs periodically send SRSs and the poling mode. UEs measure these beams and obtain ‘gNodeB selects beams for UEs based on SRS RSRP. the best ones. OS OG OR a ; re) (9) ( Compared with wide LTE beams, broadcast beams Compared with wide LTE beams, control beams target target UEs and extend the coverage of broadcast UEs and improve the demodulation SNR of control. channels/synchronization signals, leading to improved _channels/pilat signals, which virtually expands the cell coverage. coverage, leading to higher network throughput, Usage policy for dynamic beams ‘The gNodeB determines the shape and direction of beams based on weight it calculates in real-time to improve the SNR of UEs. For details, see section "Dovmlink Beamforming” in MIMO Feature Parameter Description. Estee Ua) Both control beams and traffic beams are UE-level beams, which can cover all UES in the cell. Broadcast beams are cell-level beams, To enhance coverage of broadcast channels/synchronization signals, provide better cell coverage, and suit the UE distribution, Huawei has developed 16 coverage scenarios with broadcast beams. Coenen Nei ak) SCENARIO_1 SCENARIO_9 — (45°, 12") SCENARIO_2 (90°, 6°) SCENARIO_10 (25°, 12") SCENARIO_3 (65°, 6" SCENARIO_11 (15°, 12°) SCENARIO_4 (45°, 6") SCENARIO_12 (110°, 25") SCENARIO_5 (25°, 6”) SCENARIO_13. (65°, 25°) SCENARIO_6 (110°, 12°) SCENARIO_14 (45°, 25°) SCENARIO_7 (90°, 12°) SCENARIO_15 (25°, 25°) SCENARIO. 8 (65°, 12°) SCENARIO_16 (15°, 25°) Feature / 30The following figures show examples of typical scenarios. ‘Small-scale coverage Large-scale coverage panei for a low-rise building fora high-rise building ‘SCENARIO_1 (110°, 6*) SCENARIO_5 (25°, 6) Determining the cell coverage ce ea eer tn) igre Base station B08 7 3 g Disonce beween the Distance between the building and base station building and base station 64T AAUs; AAUS612, AAUS613, SCENARIO_1 to SCENARIO_16 and AAU5614 32T AAUs: AAU5310 and AAUS313._- SCENARIO_1, SCENARIO_6 to SCENARIO_8, and ‘SCENARIO_12 to SCENARIO_15 Glossary CSI.RS channel state information-reference signal NR New Radio PBGH physical broadcast channel PDCCH physical downlink control channel PDSCH physical downlink shared channel PUCCH physical uplink contro channel PUSCH physical uplink shared channel SNR signal-to-noise ratio 8S synchronization signal RSRP reference signal receiving power 'SRS sounding reference signal ‘888 Synchronization Signal and PBCH block WEP documentation dept, wns G2 Copyright © Huawo Technolgies Co, Lid, 2018 ll gh reserved. Huawet 31 (FeatureAutomatic Neighbour Relation (ANR) E] This technical poster provides only a general overview and does not constitute any offers or commitments, For detailed information, see the product or feature documentation delivered withthe sofware, PET cece: | In communications networks, neighboring cells are fundamental to mobile services. Neighbor relationships are constantly changing during network O&M, such as network swapping or capacity expansion, increasing the risk of incorrect and missing configuration and making them costly to manually configure. ANR automatically maintains neighbor relationships, reducing O&M costs and improving network performance. @ > © 3 High costs of » ae ‘manual configuration Reduced O&M costs Without ANR With ANR Manually maintaining neighbor relationships The gNodeB automatically maintains is inefficient and costly. neighbor relationships, improving efficiency and reducing O&M costs. e oF > Fh o ® oe fe hoo a) Neighboring cell Data planning configuration Example: Imagine a network has 1,000 sites. Each site has three cells, and each cell has over 60 neighboring cells. About 200,000 neighbor relationships are present. Without ANR: About 200,000 neighbor relationships are manually configured. With AINR: About 200,000 neighbor relationships are automatically configured. Feature 22Improved network performance Without ANR. With ANR Manual operation: Neighbor relationships are not ‘Automatic operation: Neighbor relationships promptly maintained, and missing or incorrect are maintained in real time and they remain configuration is likely to occur, hampering correct and complete, improving network network performance. performance. Service Handover drop success UE @ UE gNodeb/ ae E) — gNodesy eNodeB wi eNodeB Missing Automatic detection configuration of and addition of missing neighbor relations! neighboring cells PN Rete Te UCT Depending on whether manual intervention is required for neighboring cell configuration, uncontrolled mode and controlled mode can be used in ANR. Uncontrolled mode ‘The gNodeB automatically detects and adds missing neighboring cells. z ( ) aos Reports —_ Adds missing neighboring cel «@) neighboring cells. A whe gNodeB/ eNodeB Controlled mode ‘The gNodeB automatically detects and reports missing neighboring cells to the U2020. After receiving ‘manual confirmation from the U2020, the gNodeB adds the missing neighboring cells. ge Manual confirmation a= 02020 Renate missi Adds missing r3 (¢ ea neighboring cell neighboring cells. A cil gNodeB/ eNodeB UE 33 / FeatureKey Functions Process of automatic detection and addition of missing neighboring cells @) gNodeB/ eNodeB @ The gNodeB instructs the UE to measure neighboring cells on the specified frequency. @ The UE reports the PCI of the cell that meets the signal quality requirement (cell B) to the gNodeB. Detecting missing neighboring cells: If the gNodeB detects that cell B is not in the neighboring cell configuration of cell A, cell B is considered a missing neighboring cell of cell A. © The gNodeB sends the UE measurement configuration indicating reportCGI, instructing the UE to measure CGl-Info of the cell with the specified PCI (cell B), @ The UE obtains CGI-Info by reading the BCCH of cell B. @ The UE reports CGI-Info of cell B to the gNodeB. ‘Adding missing neighboring cells: The gNodeB adds cell B to the neighboring cell configuration of cell A based on the preceding information. Feature / 34How to detect missing neighboring cells ‘After obtaining the PCI of cell B, call A checks whether the PCI and frequency of any neighboring cell in the NRT of cell A are the same as those of cel 8. Ifthe PCI and frequency of cell B are different from those in the NRT, call B is considered a missing neighboring call. [iu issing configuration of cell B How to add missing neighboring cells ‘Scenario 1: Cell B and cell A are served by the same gNodeB. Cell B is added to the intra-RAT NRT of cell A. ue Cell 8: NrCelll scenario 2: Cell B and cell A are served by different gNodeBs. 1. The gNodeB that serves cell A checks whether cell B is in the intra-RAT NCL. If not, cell B is added to the intra-RAT NCL. 2. Cell B is added to the intra-RAT NRT of cell A. Intra-RAT NCL rests Cell B: Pt Cell B: NrCelll ;cenario 3: Cell B is served by an eNodeB. 1. The gNodeB that serves cell A checks whether cell B is in the inter-RAT NCL. If not, cell B is added. to the inter-RAT NCL. 2. Cell B is added to the inter-RAT NRT of cell A. Peas eeu © Cell B: NrCellD=1, CGI=02, e Glossary CGI cal global identiior NCL neighboring cal ist NRT neightoring relation table PCI physical cel identifier WP oxsmeriaton oop Copyright © Huawe Technologies Co, Lid, 2018. lights reserved. Huawel 36 / FeatureUL and DL Decoupling [RG Mis etal poster roves ony genera overview and does not conse any of or commitments For detaed Information, see the product or festure documentation delivered with the sofware Ize 1ce Lie | C-band satisfies the large bandwidth requirements, and is considered as a gold frequency band for 5G eMBB services. Currently, a vast majority of global operators have selected C-band spectrum as the their preferred 5G frequency band C-band has limited uplink coverage. Sepang ¥ Definition UL and DL Decoupling defines new paired spectrum for areas with limited uplink coverage, with C-band for the downlink and a sub-3 GHz band for the uplink. UL and DL Decoupling supports NSA and ‘SA networking «)).33 re) fekttiy) 78 (3.5 GHz/3.7 GHz) Band 1n80 (1.8 GHz)/n82 (800 MHz) 1n83 (700 MHz)n84 (2.1 GHz)! n86 (AWS) ‘Area with limited C-band uplink coverage 3GPP Release 15 introduces the SUL. In this feature: + The SUL carrier is on a sub-3 GHz frequency band, + The C-band carrier is referred to as the NUL carrier. ES Increased number of les ackullied to NR celts Improved NR cell throughput UL and DL Decoupling expands the uplink UL and DL Decoupling improves the uplink coverage of NR cells and allows more throughput of CEUs, improving the UEs to be admitted to NR colls. throughput of entire NR calls 8&8 Feature / 36