Mondragon, Allan Cristian M.

BSAT-4A

AT 29

pls answer the following questions based on your understanding of the topic

1. Draw the automatic transmission holding devices and discuss its operation.

Transmission bands

There are two types of bands the single-wrap and double-wrap bands. Double-wrap bands have more
clamping force and require less hydraulic pressure to achieve the same stopping power as a single-wrap
band. These two types of bands are just the same in terms of their operation. They have one end that is
attached against the transmission case and another end that is connected to the servo. The band
operates when the hydraulic oil is sent to the servo under pressure to tighten the band around the drum
to stop it from turning and hold it in the stop position. Then, the band also allows the drum to rotate
again.

Multiple-plate clutches
There are two types and sets of plates in the multi-plate clutches, which are the steel discs or separator
plates and friction discs or clutch plates. The steel discs are found between friction discs that are
connected to the shaft. These sets of discs or plates are placed inside the clutch drum. They are forced
together by hydraulic pressure from the clutch piston to connect them and engage the splines of the
plates. When these two sets of plates are engaged, the rotation of the friction discs will make the steel
discs rotate also or vice versa. This means that the clutch drum is locked to the hub making them rotate
as one component. However, when they are not engaged, they can rotate freely without connecting
with each other.

One-way clutches
There are two types of one-way clutches. The one-way roller, and one-way sprag clutch. They have
different designs but their operation is just the same. They transmit torque in one direction that is why it
is called a one-way clutch, and they also suspend or stop the transmission of torque in the opposite
direction. For example, in the one-way sprag clutch, the sprags are arranged equally in the space
between the inner and outer race by the cage and are constantly in contact with the inner and outer
race by spring force. Since these sprags are larger than the space between the inner and outer race, they
are arranged at an angle to the raceway surfaces of the inner and outer race. The sprag surfaces in
contact with the inner and outer surfaces are shaped such that the sprag height appears to increase
when the sprags rotate around their centers. When the outer ring rotates clockwise, friction between
the outer race and the sprag contact surface causes the sprags to incline clockwise and engage with the
inner and outer rings to transmit torque. When the outer ring rotates counterclockwise the sprags
incline counterclockwise to disengage with the inner and outer rings, then freewheel the outer ring.

2. Discuss how planetary gear set shift into different speed.

A planetary gear set is consists of three different components which are the sun gear, planet gears and
their carrier, and ring gear. The sizing and arrangement of these gears determine how much power will
flow from one gear to another and out to the drive train of the vehicle. A single planetary gear set can
perform reverse drive and five levels of forward drive. It all depends on its operations and which of the
three components of the gear set is moving or held stationary. For example, in a vehicle that starts to
move from the park position. The sun gear will be the input gear and the ring gear will be held
stationary. With the sun gear moving, and the ring gear does not move, the planetary gears will rotate
on their own carrier shafts and move around the inside of the ring gear, but in the opposite direction as
the sun gear. This causes the carrier to rotate in the same direction as the sun gear. The carrier will then
becomes the output gear. This operation of the planetary gear set creates a low gear ratio meaning the
input gear or the sun gear spins faster than the output gear which is the carrier. Yet, the amount of
torque that the carrier creates is much more than the sun gear delivers.

3. On a bicycle as an example, explain how one-way clutch operates.

As an example of the one-way clutch operation, a bicycle has its drivetrain consisting of pedals, crank
arm, chainrings or driver gears, chain, and cassette or driven gears. The one-way clutch operation
happens here when the cyclist starts to pedal or just by applying force on the pedals and makes the
driver gears rotate in one direction. Then, through the chain, the driver gear will drive the driven gears
or cassette to rotate in the same direction. This then transmits the torque to the wheel of the bicycle to
rotate in the same direction as well. Now, with the driver gears, driven gears, and wheel rotating in one
direction, the transmission of the torque will continue. However, when the cyclist stops to pedal and the
force being applied to the pedals has stopped or even when the driver and driven gears are being
rotated in the opposite direction. The driver and driven gears will stop the transmission of torque to the
wheel of the bicycle. Regardless of the torque transmission being suspended or stopped, the wheel will
continue to rotate in the same direction and this is called, freewheeling.