SELF - the intangible entity that directs a persons thoughts and

actions. It id outside the physical realm of a person.

SELF IN RELIGION- the self includes a persons life purpose
SELF IN PSYCHOLOGY- teh essence of a person , his thoughts,
feelings and actions.
SELF IN SOCIOLOGY- the roles we take when we relate with others.
IDEAL SELF- who you want to be
ACTUAL SELF- who you really are
PERSONALITY- set of behaviors, feeling, thoughts and motives.

2 KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONALITY

1. Uniqueness of an individuals thoughts feeling and behavior
2. Describes behavioral terms that are obeservable

Personality is influenced by NATURE (Heredity), NURTURE

(environment) ,MATURATION.

Personal Developement have 3 aspects:

1. Physical Development- growth of the body
2. Cognitive Development- capacity to learn.
3. Psychosocial Development- social interactions

Personal Development may be defines as a process on which person

reflects upon themselves-- ROGERS 1961

Zorka Hereford 2007- Author of the book 9ESSENTIAL LIFE SKILLS-

A GUIDE FOR PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND SELF REALIZATION
-She defined that “the process of striving to be the best that you can
be in order to reach and realize your full potential”

The seed of personal development in Western thinking evolved into

the human potential movement in the 1960s, influenced by the
popular philosophers at the time; existentialism and humanistic
psychology.

PSYCHOLOGY- being study of human thinking and behavior.

2 PROPONENTS OF HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY:

1. CARLO ROGERS- “the individual has within the capacity and

tendency, latent if not evident, to move forward toward maturity.”

2. ABRAHAM MASLOW- a psychologist, and president of the

American Psychological Association.
- he theorized the five staged of human development
A. SELF ACTUALIZATION- morality
B. ESTEEM
C. LOVE/BELONGING
D. SAFETY
E. PHYSIOLOGICAL
Peterson 2006- “ positive psychology stresses that human nature
has its good and positive strenghts.
MARTIN SELIGMAN AND MIHALY CSIKSZENTMIHALYI- they helped
refocus this emphasis in psychology.

“Although scientist and psychologist may slightly differ in pegging

the exact age of adoloscence, it is widely believed to be between 11
or 12 and lasting to about 18 years old” - FEIST AND ROSENBURG
2012

Effects in Adolescence
-RELIGION, BELIEF, POLITICS

SOCRATES, PLATO, UPANISHADS, RUNMI, WALT WHITMAN.

Personality refers to the unique and relatively enduring set of

behaviors, feelings thoughts and of personalities.- FEIST AND
ROSENBERG 2012

TRAIT THEORIES

THIS THEORY WAS DEVELOPED OVER 60 YEARS STARTED BY D.W

FISKE 1949 nand later persued by NOWMAN 1967, SMITH 1967,
GOLDBERG 1981, COSTA 1987, K.CHERRY 2018; JOHN, NAUMANN
AND SOTO 2008

1. EXTRAVERSION
2. AFGREEABLENESS
3. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
4. NEUROTICISM
5. OPENNES TO EXPERIENCE

PSYCHOLOGIST COSTA AND MaCRAE developed categorized

scheme that described personality and called it “BIG-FIVE or
FIVEFACTOR MODEL”

PERSONALITY TRAITS - is a disposition to behave consistently in a

particular way, while personality is broader term that comprises
traits.

Personality can be measured by RORSHACH INKBLOT TEST,

MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR (MBTI)

Myers-Briggs personality model based on four preferences of

individuals:
1. E or I extroversion or introversion
2. S or I Sensing or Intuition
3. T or F Thinking or Feelings
4. J OR P judgement or perception
Holism- about seeing things as a whole and as something that is
bigger than the sum of its part
- to understand people better is to see them in their totality.

GENERAL JAN C. SMUTS 1926 - south african statesman, military,

leader a philosopher wrote about holismin his book HOLISM and
EVOLUTION

1890, A GREMAN PHILOSOPHER AND PSYCHOLOGIST, CHRISTIAN

VON EHREHFELS AND MAX WARTHEIMER, KURT KOFFKA AND
WOLFGANG KOHLER INTODUCED GESTALT.

FIVE ASPECTS OF A WHOLE PERSON:

- Physiological or how the body affects the other aspects
- Cognitive - the preocess of thinking of a person
- Psychological- refers to a persons way of thinking
-Social- refers to the relationships to other people.
-Spiritual- refers to the higher ideals, beliefs and values a person
adheres to which help guide the person in achieving personal
happiness and sel-fullfilment

BASIC DRIVES- biological instincts that humans experienced such

as hunger, thirst.

EMOTIONS- are usually caused by physical sensation that we

experienced by the body as a reaction to a certain external stimulus.

FEELINGS- are the result from the emotions that were experienced.

ATTITUDES- are the persons thoughts, feelings and emotion

towards another person.
- it is the result of a persons evaluation of an experiences
with the other person.

BEHAVIOR- an outward manifestation or acting out the attitudes an

individual has.
VALUES- system of beliefs that adhere to the highest ideals of a
human existence. These ideals create meaning and purpses in
apersons life that often result in personal happines and self
fullfilment.

10 BASIC VALUES

1. SELF DIRECTION- independent thought action

2. STIMULATION- esxcitement
3. HEDONISM- pleasure
4. ACHIEVEMENT- personal success through demonstrating
competence
5. POWER- social status and prestige
6. SECURITY- safety harmony and stability
7. CONFORMITY- restraint of actions, inclinations and impulses that
are likely to upset
8. TRADITION- respect, commitment and acceptance
9. BENEVOLENCE- preserving and enhancing the welfare of those
with whom one if it frequent personal contact in the group
10. UNIVERSALISM- understanding, appreciation, tolerance and
protection for the welfare

MOTOVATIONAL GOALS THAT CHARACTERIZES THE 10 VALUES

HE IDENTIDFIED WERE:
1. Openness to change
2. Self-transcendence
3. Self-enhancement
4. Conservation

VIRTUES- dispositions of goof deeds.