GEO Technical Order

 After the 2D & 3D seismic

survey is done and after
prognostication and economic
evaluation, if the company is
ready to invest more and
proceed further, then it goes
for exploratory drilling.
 In this case, a drilling plan is to
be made.
 The drilling plan is required to
be made before initiating any
wild cat or exploratory or
appraisal or developmental or
infill well.
 This Drilling plan is called
Geo Technical Order (GTO)
 GTO is a document prepared collectively
by:
 Geologist,
 Geophysicist
 Chemist
 Mud Engineer,
 Drilling Engineer,
 Reservoir Engineers
and
 Production Engineers
The above resource persons prepare
the GTO to optimize the production
from well.
The responsibilities of personnel associated in
GTO :
1. The “well – site geologist” who
verifies/examines the expected lithology and
stratigraphic sequence through the
examination of drill cuttings and through
coring.

2. The chemists who have the responsibilities of

preparation and maintenance of drilling fluids .

3. The geophysicists are responsible for running

various logs during the course of drilling.
4. The drillers are responsible for the bit ,
casing, cementing programs, the rotational
speed that need to be applied during drilling.
Thus, GTO almost completely identifies the
drilling policy for a well.

However, in case of any unexpected

situation (like abnormal reservoir pressure),
it can include necessary changes in the
document
What details do we get from GTO?
G.T.O. furnishes the following
details:
(a) General data like:
• well name
• well number
• area
• location
• water depth
• elevation
• well type
• well co-ordinates
• objectives of the well.
(b) Geological data is given by
geologist obtained through:

 field survey
 geological, geophysical and
geochemical surveys.

It furnishes the details like :

Geology data like:
• Depth
• Age
• Formation
• Lithology
• Interval of coring ( a cylindrical shaped
rock sample - core)
• Electro logging: type and zone in
which logging is to be done (data given
by Geologist)
Geology data ( Cont….)

• Formation Pressure : decides the

density of mud to be used.

• Formation temperature:
• nearby well data - nearest possible
analogous area.
(c ) Basing on the pore pressure and
fracture pressure data given by
geologist and with the help of near-
by well data (if any), the mud
engineer design mud program
which consists of:
(c ) Mud Parameters like:
1. Type of mud

2. Specific gravity: should counterbalance the

formation pressure.

3. Viscosity: based on depth and cuttings

4. pH etc.
(d ) Basing on the above data and
experience on the very same field (if
any), the drilling engineer designs
the drilling section of GTO in
consultation with G&G department.

It includes data like

(d) Drilling data like:
 Casing Policy
 Type of Drilling (Vertical/Directional)
 Type & Size of Bit (Depends on
formation lithology and hardness)
 No. of bits Expected
 Meterage per bit - The depth up to
which the bit can drill
 Weight on Bit
(d) Drilling data like:
 RPM ( Rotation per minute) of Rotary
Table
 Pump discharge: what rate the pump
should deliver drilling fluid
 Drilling time Vs Depth: based on
experience and just for rough
calculation of drilling time
 Remarks , if any etc.
 (GTO) GEO TECHNICAL
ORDER
It’s a Glimpse:

 Well Name & No.

 Area
 Location
 Water depth
 Elevation
 Well type
 Well co-ordinates
 Objectives of the well
 G & G Data
 Formation Pressure
 Pore Pressure
 Type of Drilling
 Casing Detail
 RPM
 Mud Detail
 Type of Bit
 Meterage per bit
 Drilling Time Vs.Depth 16
When all the columns of GTO
document are filled up by respective
sections i.e. geology , chemistry,
petro physical and drilling etc., it is
put for approval to the concerned
sectional heads.

After their signatures, the GTO is

issued to the parties concerned.
Dr.Mandira Agarwal
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