Research Proposal

ST. ANTHONY’S HIGH SCHOOL OF BARBAZA, INC.
Barbaza, 5706 Antique, Philippines

Cp No: 0917-723-7931 Email Address: SAHSBI@yahoo.com
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Sleep is a basic necessity of life. It helps to stimulate the mind and
body and restore the lost energy consumed throughout the day. Sleeping
is essential for revitalizing and restoring the physiological processes that
keep the body and mind healthy and properly functioning (Oswald’s
Repair and Restoration Theory of Sleep).
Sleep is important especially to the students, for the reason that it
greatly affects their performance in class. And it may also affect their
grades in school. In addition to, a majority of students nowadays doesn’t
get enough sleep thus resulting in them being sleepy in class and makes
them unproductive in their own class.
The link between sleep and academic performance is an important
research domain, particularly in the later adolescent years, as school
performance is linked closely to subsequent educational and work

attainment (De Ridder et al., 2012). Sleep and academic
performance may be related through several pathways and mechanisms.
A direct effect of sleep has been shown in experimental studies in which
sleep restriction has resulted in impaired learning and memory
performance in early adolescence (Curcio et al., 2006). Sleep may also
impact upon academic performance indirectly through tardiness or
school absence, which often accompanies sleep problems in this age
group (Hysing et al., 2015). Finally, there may be confounding factors,
such as socioeconomic status (SES) known to be related to both sleep
(Boe et al., 2012) and school performance (Sirin, 2005), that might
account for some of the association.
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to know the causes of being sleepy in class among
the G-11 San Lorenzo Ruiz De Manila. Specifically, this study sought
answers to the following questions:
1. What are the common behaviors of students that are being sleepy
in class?
2. What are the different factors that affects the sleepiness of
students?
3. What are the ways or techniques that can help avoid sleepiness?
Null Hypothesis
Based on the aforementioned questions, the researchers advanced
the following null hypothesis:
1. There are no common behaviors of students that are being sleepy
in class.
2. There are no different factors that affects the sleepiness of
students.
3. There are no ways or techniques that can help avoid sleepiness
Significance of the Study
The results of the study may be beneficial to the following:
Students. Students will be able to understand why they are being
sleepy in class and they will be able to know the tips and techniques to
avoid and/or prevent sleepiness in class.

Parents. The result may serve as basis to the behaviors of their
children in class.
Teachers. The result of the study may also serve as a basis to
understand the behaviors of their students and to make them take
actions to stop such behaviors.
Future Researchers. If disseminated, the result of this study may
be beneficial to those who want to make a research proposal that is
related to this topic and at the same time, be of help to them in citing
other related information about the study.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study was primarily concerned with the causes of being sleepy
of the students in G-11 San Lorenzo Ruiz De Manila. Other than the
students and teachers, the whole school community may also benefit.
This study uses qualitative method, for the reason that it focuses
on the participant’s opinions and ideas regarding the said topic.

The Grade 11 STEM is composed of 42 students, 33 boys and 9
girls. The researchers agreed to use the slovin’s formula to attain the
sample size for the corresponding population and then fish bowl method
would be used to determine the participants.
The researchers agreed to conduct the study at St. Anthony’s High
School of Barbaza Inc. in the room of the Grade 11 STEM, every first
period in the morning.
Definition of Terms
For purposes of clarity and precision, the terms used in this study
are given their respective conceptual and operational meaning:
Cause. Cause refers to something that brings about an effect or a
result. (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 1828)
In this study, the term cause refers to the reason of the sleepiness
of students.
Sleepy. Sleepy pertains to a state that is inclined to, or overcome
by sleep. (Webster’s New School & Office Dictionary, 1967)
In this study, the term sleepy pertains to the state of the students
that is the main topic of the study.
Class. Class is a set or category of things having some property or
attribute in common and differentiated from others by kind, type, or
quality. (Helen de Leon, Magalende Magalona, Proficiency in
English,2013)
In this study, the term class refers to the whole set or whole
section of the participants in the study.

CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter deals with the related literature and studies of the
said research proposal, in order to expand the study furthermore for
future investigations and studies.
Nighttime Sleep Behaviors/Parasomnias
Sleep disorders involving abnormal behaviors during sleep are
called parasomnias. (Stanford Health Care,2019) These nighttime
activities can occur at any age.
1. Sleep walking/talking occurs when a sleeping person exhibits
behaviors associated with being awake or appears to be awake but
is actually still sleeping. Sleep talking happens when a person
vocalizes anything from a few words to a whole conversation in
their sleep. Sleepwalking, also known as Somnambulism, is a
condition in which a sleeping person exhibits behaviors associated
with being awake, appears to be awake but is actually still

sleeping. Sleep talking is when an individual vocalizes in
their sleep, anything from a few words to whole conversations.
These episodes usually occur during non-REM, delta ("slow wave")
sleep, during which the arousal threshold is particularly high. The
sleeper often has little or no memory of the event. Sleep
disturbances experienced during slow wave sleep may precipitate a
sleep-walking episode; these typically occur in the first half of the
night.
Sleepwalking or talking episodes usually involve routine
activities which can range from the mundane – sitting up in bed or
walking to the bathroom – to the extreme, including getting in a
car and driving. Sleep-related eating and other complex activities
may be completed, to the surprise of the individual the following
morning. Sleep walkers are very rarely aggressive, but may become
confused and combative when attempts are made to arouse them.
While sleepwalking can occur at any age, it is most common in
children, and tends to run in some families. Often, sleepwalking
diminishes as children grow older. Conditions such as fatigue,
stress or anxiety, lack of sleep, illness, physiological stimuli such

as a full bladder, or alcohol use are often associated with
sleepwalking episodes.
In many cases, people who sleepwalk don't need extensive
examinations or testing. However, in patients for whom episodes
are regular, persistent, or involve alarming behavior, our
specialists will perform tests to rule out certain triggers, such as
sleep disordered breathing, or other types of nocturnal behavior
such as nocturnal seizure disorder.
Importantly, for habitual sleepwalkers, the sleeping
environment should be modified to reduce the risk of injury. This
includes ensuring that all doors and windows are locked, sharp
objects are put away and secured, and the risk of tripping and
falling, especially down stairs, is minimized. In certain cases, after
an appropriate evaluation, sleepwalking may be treated with low
doses of certain medications.
2. Sleep terrors are characterized by extreme terror and a temporary
inability to attain full consciousness. The person may abruptly

exhibit behaviors of fear, panic, confusion, or an apparent
desire to escape. Sleep terrors are also known as night terrors.
Also called "night terrors", these episodes are characterized by
extreme terror and a temporary inability to attain full
consciousness. The person may abruptly exhibit behaviors of fear,
panic, confusion, or an apparent desire to escape.
There is no response to soothing from others. They may
experience gasping, moaning or screaming. However, the person is
not fully awake, and once the episode passes, often returns to
normal sleep without ever fully waking up. In most cases, there is
no recollection of the episode in the morning.
Like sleepwalking, night terror episodes usually occur during
NREM delta (slow wave) sleep. They are most likely to occur during
the first part of the night. The timing of the events helps
differentiate the episodes from nightmares, which occur during the
last third of the sleep period.
While sleep terrors are more common in children, they can occur
at any age. Research has shown that a predisposition to night
terrors may be hereditary. Emotional stress during the day, fatigue

or an irregular routine are thought to trigger episodes. Ensuring a
child has the proper amount of sleep, as well as addressing any
daytime stresses, will help reduce terrors.
3. Confusional arousals happen when a sleeping person appears to
wake up but their behavior is unusual or strange. They may be
disoriented, unresponsive, have slow speech or confused thinking.
A confusional arousal is when a sleeping person appears to wake
up but their behavior is unusual or strange. The individual may be
disoriented, unresponsive, have slow speech or confused thinking.
Confusional arousals typically occur in the first 2 hours of falling
asleep during a transition from "deep" sleep to a lighter stage of
sleep. The episode may last only a few minutes or continue on for a
longer period of time. There is usually little or no recall of the
arousal or any event that may had occurred during the episode the
next morning.
Confusional arousals can occur at any age, but are more common
in children. Sleep disruptions caused by health problems (such as
fever), travel, abrupt sleep loss, migraine, and irregular sleep-wake
schedules may trigger an episode. Another sleep disorder such as

sleep-disordered-breathing and to a lesser extent restless
legs syndrome or nocturnal asthma may also be seen in
association with the confusional arousals.
4. REM behavior disorder occurs when the body maintains relatively
increased muscle tone during REM sleep, allowing the sleeper to
move and act out their dreams. Movements may be as minor as leg
twitches, but can result in very complex behavior that may cause
serious injury to the individual or the bed partner. Dreaming
occurs during Rapid Eye Movement or REM sleep. With REM sleep,
changes occur in brain signaling which cause reduced muscle tone
in many of the body's muscles; this may be called REM sleep
muscle paralysis or muscle atonia. This is considered a normal
function of REM sleep. REM behavior disorder occurs when the
body maintains relatively increased muscle tone during REM sleep,
allowing the sleeper to move and act out their dreams. Movements
may be as minor as leg twitches, but can result in very complex

behavior that may cause serious injury to the individual or the bed
partner. REM sleep behavior disorder is characterized by abnormal
behaviors during REM sleep that may cause sleep disruption
or injury; these are often manifestations of action-filled or violent
dreams. Behaviors may include twitching, utterances, flailing,
kicking, sitting up, and leaving the bed. At the end of an episode,
an individual may awaken and become quickly alert; they may be
able to provide a coherent dream story.
Adverse reactions to certain drugs or drug withdrawal can
sometimes appear as RBD. However, the disorder is more common
with age, and has been associated with certain neurological
disorders in some cases.
The diagnosis of REM behavior disorder may be suggested by
a careful evaluation but should be confirmed by a sleep study, to
evaluate for other sleep disorders and to confirm abnormal muscle
tone during REM sleep. In terms of management, precautions to
ensure the safety of the individual and others in the sleep

environment are key. Treating coexisting sleep disorders is
important, and medications are often changed or started to reduce
symptoms of this disorder.
5. Sleep paralysis is considered a disorder when it occurs outside of
REM sleep. It can last from several seconds to several minutes and
may be accompanied by rather vivid hallucinations, which most
people will attribute to being parts of dreams. Sleep paralysis is a
normal part of the REM sleep. However, it is considered to be a
disorder when it occurs outside of REM sleep. It can occur in
otherwise healthy people, as well as in those presenting symptoms
of narcolepsy, cataplexy and hypnagogic hallucinations. When it
occurs without narcolepsy, it is classified at Isolated Sleep
Paralysis (ISP).
As discussed in the REM behavior disorder section, muscle atonia,
or sleep paralysis most commonly occurs when a person is either
falling asleep awakening. If an individual has awareness as the

body enters or exits REM sleep, they may experience sleep
paralysis. Sleep paralysis can last from several seconds to several
minutes; episodes of longer duration are typically disconcerting
and may even provoke a panic response. The paralysis may be
accompanied by rather vivid hallucinations, which most
people will attribute to being parts of dreams.
Sleep paralysis can occur in otherwise normal sleepers, and
is surprisingly common in its occurrence and universality. It has
also been linked to certain conditions such as increased stress,
excessive alcohol consumption, sleep deprivation, and narcolepsy.
Treatment of Sleep Paralysis is often limited to education
about sleep phases and atonia that normally occurs as people
sleep. If episodes persist, the sleep specialist may evaluate for
narcolepsy, which is commonly present in those suffering from
sleep paralysis.
6. Nightmares are vivid dreams that contain frightening images or
cause negative feelings such as fear, terror, and/or extreme

anxiety. They may be able to be distinguished from sleep terrors
based on the timing of the episode and the whether dream content
can be recalled. Nightmares are vivid dreams that contain
frightening images or cause negative feelings such as fear, terror,
and/or extreme anxiety. If awakened from REM sleep during a
nightmare, the sleeper can usually provide a detailed description of
the dream contents. The nightmare can cause the sufferer to awaken in a
heightened state of distress, resulting in perspiration and an elevated
heart rate. Often it takes time to recover from the negative emotions
invoked by the nightmare and the person may have difficulty returning to
sleep.
Nightmares may be able to be distinguished from sleep terrors
based on the timing of the episode and the dream content can be
recalled. Nightmares are more likely to occur during the last third of the
night when there is a higher concentration of REM sleep.

Nightmares have been known to have both psychological and
physical causes. Factors including illness, anxiety, or even sleeping in an
uncomfortable position can lead to bad dreams. Post-traumatic stress
disorder can trigger frequent nightmares, as can side effects from various
medications and narcotics such as amphetamines and cocaine.
FACTORS THAT CAUSES SLEEPINESS
1. Poor Sleep Habits
The most common cause of always feeling too sleepy or drowsy during
the daytime might be the most obvious: you are simply not getting
enough sleep at night. But, consider the following poor sleep habits and
if they apply to you, it might be time for some changes:

 You may not know exactly how much sleep you need.
 You may choose to not sleep enough because of work or social
obligations, which is sometimes called sleep restriction.
 You could be trying to sleep in a poor sleep environment that is not
conducive to sound sleep, such as leaving the television on at
night.
 You may have a horrible bedtime routine that does not prepare you
well to fall asleep.
 You may fail to follow any of the other simple guidelines to improve
your sleep, such as avoiding caffeine and alcohol near bedtime.
Any and all of these things may leave you too sleepy the next day,
without any specific sleep disorder as the cause.
2. Sleep Apnea
A man treats his sleep apnea with CPAP therapy to reduce daytime
sleepiness
Sleep apnea is a condition in which you repeatedly, partially, or
completely stop breathing while asleep. It can occur dozens or even a
hundred times per hour of sleep and may result in witnessed pauses
followed by a loud snort and brief awakening as you gasp for air. With
each awakening, you shift briefly into lighter stages of sleep. You may
wake completely and fall back asleep without even remembering it. But
this disruption leads to sleep fragmentation and poor-quality sleep,
resulting in significant excessive daytime sleepiness. People with severe
sleep apnea are also at increased risk for falling asleep while driving.
Upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) is a similar condition in which
the breathing disturbances are less pronounced during sleep.
There are also serious health consequences to sleep apnea, so
treatment such as the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
therapy or the use of an oral appliance should be pursued.

3. Narcolepsy
Waking with sleep paralysis is one symptom of narcolepsy, that also
causes sleepiness
There are four defining symptoms of narcolepsy, the least specific being
excessive sleepiness. This sleep disorder occurs when there is a problem
with the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. Therefore, characteristics
of sleep may suddenly occur while awake (such as paralysis) and
elements of wakefulness may intrude upon sleep.
The most characteristic symptom of narcolepsy is cataplexy, which is the
sudden loss of muscle tone with an emotional stimulus such as surprise
or laughter. The sleepiness associated with narcolepsy may require
treatment with stimulants, such as Ritalin, Provigil, and Nuvigil.
4. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
A man sleeps during the day due to chronic fatigue syndrome causing
sleepiness
Chronic fatigue syndrome is a condition that might make you feel tired,
exhausted, or sleepy. It is characterized by worsened fatigue that occurs
after exertion. It is also associated with less refreshing sleep and frequent
joint and muscle pain.
Although the cause of chronic fatigue syndrome is not completely
understood and may be due to subtle sleep apnea, it can lead to
significant impairment and disruption of the affected person's life.
5. Kleine-Levin Syndrome
Children may rarely suffer from Kleine-Levin syndrome as a cause of
sleepiness
Although quite rare, Kleine-Levin syndrome is a condition that may affect
young adults and can cause recurrent episodes of excessive sleepiness.
These episodes can last for days, weeks, or even months at a time. And
the sleepiness can be incapacitating.

Moreover, the syndrome often interferes with school attendance and
basic daily functions. There may be associated symptoms, such as
hallucinations or hypersexual or compulsive behaviors, too.
The only treatment known to be beneficial in Kleine-Levin syndrome is
the mood stabilizer lithium, though it has mixed benefits in some
studies.
6. Restless Legs Syndrome
Restless legs syndrome can make it hard to sleep and lead to sleepiness
Disorders that cause excessive movements during sleep may lead you to
feel sleepy the next day. The most common of these conditions is restless
legs syndrome (RLS). This disorder is characterized by an uncomfortable
sensation in the legs associated with an urge to move. It often develops
in the evening as you are lying down to rest and is relieved by movement.
The commonly associated condition, periodic limb movement
syndrome (PLMS), is diagnosed when there are sudden jerking

movements that occur during sleep. These may be repetitive and disturb
the sleep of the affected person as well as potentially disrupt the sleep of
their bed partner. Fortunately, there are effective treatments available for
these conditions, depending on the underlying cause.
7. Circadian Rhythm Disorders
Circadian rhythm disorders may lead to both sleepiness and insomnia at
different times
Various circadian rhythm disorders may leave you feeling too
sleepy The. circadian rhythm is the body's natural clock that helps to
coordinate your activities to the timing of light and dark in your
environment. If this timing is misaligned, you may find yourself sleepy at
inappropriate times. It may also contribute to sleepiness after lunch.
For example, if you have advanced sleep phase syndrome, you will
feel sleepy in the evening. Conversely, with delayed sleep phase

syndrome, you will have difficulty falling asleep (or insomnia) and
feel sleepy in the morning. People with the first condition are called
morning larks and those with the second condition are called night owls.
Fortunately, there are effective treatments, like light therapy and
the use of melatonin, for these and other circadian rhythm conditions,
including jet lag and seasonal affective disorder (SAD).
8. Medications
Some medications may disrupt sleep and cause sleepiness. Examples
include sedating antihistamines, sedatives, antidepressants and seizure
medications.
9. Alcohol
Alcohol is sedating and can, even in small amounts, make a person
sleepier and at greater risk of car crashes and performance problems.

10. Caffeine
Caffeine in coffee, tea, soft drinks or medications makes it harder for
many people to fall asleep and stay asleep. Caffeine stays in the body for
about three to seven hours, so even when taken earlier in the day, it may
cause problems in falling asleep at night.
11. Nicotine
Nicotine from cigarettes is also a stimulant and makes it harder to fall
asleep and stay asleep.
12. Medical conditions
Chronic medical conditions such as asthma, heart failure, depression,
rheumatoid arthritis or any other chronically painful disorder may also
disrupt sleep and lead to excessive daytime sleepiness. Excessive
daytime sleepiness may also occur following head injury and rarely, due
to brain tumour.
13. Sleep-wake cycle disturbance (such as shift work)
Most shift workers get less sleep over 24 hours as compared to day
workers. The human sleep-wake system is designed to facilitate the body
and mind for sleep at night and wakefulness during the day. These
natural rhythms make it difficult to sleep during daylight hours and to
stay awake during the night
hours, even in well-rested individuals. Sleep loss is greatest for night
shift workers, those who work early morning shifts and female shift
workers with children at home. Shift workers who try to sleep during the
day are frequently interrupted by noise, light, the telephone, family
members and other distractions.
EFFECTS OF SLEEPINESS
What Lack of Sleep Does to Your Mind?
Sleepiness can damage your judgment, work performance, mood, and
safety.
Do you often forget things that you’re sure you know? Is it hard to
concentrate on complex assignments? Do you get less than six hours of
sleep a night?
If so, you’re probably not getting enough sleep. That’s right; lack of
sleep can hinder you from thinking clearly and keeping your emotions at
an even keel. Studies show that excessive sleepiness can hurt work
performance, wreak havoc on relationships, and lead to mood problems
like anger and depression.
Most people who don’t get enough sleep don’t recognize the toll
that it takes on their cognitive and mental health.
Many people think of sleep simply as a luxury -- a little downtime.
They know they feel better when they get a good night’s sleep and worse
when they don’t. But sleep actually improves learning, memory, and
insight.
Do insomnia myths keep you up at night? This WebMD slideshow
looks at the myths and facts surrounding lost sleep and how to deal with
it.
WEBMD
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“You’re putting energy in the bank when you go to sleep,” says
Barry Krakow, MD, medical director of Maimonides Sleep Arts and
Sciences, Ltd. in Albuquerque, N.M., and author of Sound Sleep, Sound
Mind: 7 Keys to Sleeping Through the Night. “On a cellular level, the
body is literally repairing and restoring itself. Without it, you can’t do
what you want -- physically or mentally.”

And catching up on your sleep is a bigger job than many people realize. If
you get less than six hours of sleep a night for a week, for example, you’ll
rack up a full night’s sleep debt -- too much to make up for with a few
hours extra sleep on the weekend.
The Impact of Chronic Sleepiness
People who are sleep deprived often say they feel “foggy.” Here are three
reasons.
1. Sleepiness slows down your thought processes. Scientists measuring
sleepiness have found that sleep deprivation leads to lower alertness and
concentration. It’s more difficult to focus and pay attention, so you’re
more easily confused. This hampers your ability to perform tasks that
require logical reasoning or complex thought.

Sleepiness also impairs judgment. Making decisions is more difficult
because you can’t assess situations as well and pick the right behavior.
2. Excessive sleepiness impairs memory. Research suggests that the
nerve connections that make our memories are strengthened during
sleep. “Sleep embeds the things that we have learned and experienced
over the course of the day into our short-term memory,” says Avelino
Verceles, MD, assistant professor at the University of Maryland School of
Medicine and director of the school’s sleep medicine fellowship.
It appears that different phases of sleep play different roles in
consolidating new information into memories. If your sleep is cut short or
disrupted, it interferes with these cycles.
When you’re sleepy, you may forget and misplace things often. And the
inability to focus and concentrate caused by sleepiness further weakens
memory. “If you’re not able to concentrate on what’s at hand, it’s not
going to make it into your short-term memory and then long-term
memory,” says Allison T. Siebern, PhD, a Fellow in the Insomnia and
Behavioral Sleep Medicine Program at the Stanford University Sleep
Medicine Center.
3. Poor sleep makes learning difficult. Sleep deprivation affects your
ability to learn in two ways. Because you can’t focus as well, it’s more
difficult to pick up information, so you can’t learn efficiently. It also
affects memory, which is essential to learning. In children, sleepiness
can lead to hyperactivity, also hampering learning. Teens may lose the
focus, diligence, and memory capacity to perform well in school.
The Biggest Danger of Sleepiness: Slowed Reaction Time
Sleepiness makes your reaction time slower, a special problem when
driving or doing work or other tasks that require a quick response. The
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration conservatively estimates
that at least 100,000 crashes reported to police each year are due to
driver fatigue. Other estimates put that number at 1 million -- 20% of all
crashes. Nearly one-third of Americans in the National Sleep
Foundation’s 2009 poll reported nodding off while driving.
You don’t need to fall asleep at the wheel to be a danger --
drowsiness alone can be as dangerous as driving drunk. Driving while
sleepy is like driving with a blood alcohol content of .08% -- over the legal
limit in many states. And drinking and drowsiness are double trouble
when driving because sleep deprivation magnifies the effects of alcohol.
The people at highest risk for fatigue-related auto accidents are
teenagers and young adults, especially men. Shift workers who work at
night or work long or irregular hours and people with untreated sleep
disorders such as sleep apnea and narcolepsy are also at high risk.
A slowed reaction time can endanger lives in other ways. In a 2009 study
done with cadets at the United States Military Academy at West Point,
researchers from the University of Texas in Austin found that sleep
deprivation hampered information-integration. This is a function of the
mind that relies heavily on split-second, gut-feeling decisions. The
researchers noted that this could be a particular concern for firefighters,
police officers, soldiers, and others who are often sleep deprived on the
job.
The Impact of Sleepiness on Mood and Mental Health
Lack of sleep can alter your mood significantly. It causes irritability and
anger and may lessen your ability to cope with stress. According to the
NSF, the “walking tired” are more likely to sit and seethe in traffic jams
and quarrel with other people. Sleep-deprived people polled by the NSF
were also less likely than those who sleep well to exercise, eat
healthfully, have sex, and engage in leisure activities because of
sleepiness.
“Over time, impaired memory, mood, and other functions become a
chronic way of life,” says Siebern. “In the long term, this can affect your
job or relationships.”
Chronic sleepiness puts you at greater risk for depression. They are so
closely linked that sleep specialists aren’t always sure which came first
in their patients. “Sleep and mood affect each other,” says Verceles. “It’s
not uncommon for people who don’t get enough sleep to be depressed or
for people who are depressed to not sleep well enough.”
How Do You Know if Sleepiness Is a Problem?
Because individual sleep needs vary, experts say the best way to gauge
whether you’re getting enough sleep is by how you feel. “You shouldn’t
feel sleepy when you wake up,” says Verceles. “You should be energetic
throughout the day and slowly wind down as you approach your usual
bedtime.”
Krakow suggests assessing your day-to-day abilities and quality of life.
“Ask yourself if your cognitive performance is where you want it to be,”
he says. “Are you having conflicts with other employees or your boss over
your memory, attention, or concentration -- and particularly your
productivity?”
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness - Symptoms
Signs of excessive daytime sleepiness may include:
 Difficulty paying attention or concentrating at work, school or
home
 Poor performance at work or school
 Difficulty in staying awake when inactive, such as when watching
television or reading
 Difficulty remembering things
 Need to take naps on most days

 Sleepiness that is noticed by others
 Falling asleep while driving
Foods That Cause Sleepiness
In addition to providing energy and nutrients, certain foods and
eating habits can induce sleepiness. If you're prone to anxiety or sleep
difficulties, foods that promote sleepiness can heighten calmness,
making it easier to rest with ease.
If staying alert and energized is your goal, the same foods might
best suit your "avoid" list. Gaining understanding of sleep-related foods
can help guide you toward making wise dietary decisions. For best
results, seek specified guidance from your doctor or dietitian.
1. Refined Starches
Starches, such as breads, cereal and pasta, provide rich amounts
of carbohydrates — your body's main dietary source of energy. Ironically,
high-carb foods can also trigger sleepiness, according to Joanne Larsen,

a registered dietitian and host of the online dietary question-and-answer-
community Ask the Dietitian.
Starches based on refined grains, such as white flour, provide less
protein and fiber, and have a greater impact on your blood sugar
compared with whole grains. As a result, refined starches are more likely
to lead to sluggishness and tiredness associated with low blood sugar. If
you have diabetes, your risk for low blood sugar, also called
hypoglycemia, is increased.
2. Added Sugars
Added sugars, such as high-fructose corn syrup and table sugar,
add sweet flavor and calories, but few nutrients, to foods. Like refined
grains, added sugars are high-glycemic, meaning they have a significant
impact on your blood sugar.
After eating a high-glycemic meal, your blood sugar rises higher
than it does following a low-glycemic meal. Energy decline, commonly
called a "crash," often follows. To avoid this risk, pair sugary foods, such
as candy, soft drinks and sweetened cereals, with low-glycemic foods,
such as low-fat milk, whole grains or nuts.
3. Dairy Products
The amino acid tryptophan, which is prevalent in various foods,
can induce sleepiness. Carbs help your brain access and use tryptophan.
Dairy products, such as low-fat milk and yogurt, contain tryptophan and
carbs,
making them a valuable bedtime snack option. For added carb
benefits, pair your milk with cereal and top yogurt with granola.
4. Potatoes, Bananas and Beans

Baked potatoes with skin intact, bananas and beans, such as soy,
also contain valuable amounts of tryptophan and carbohydrates.
Tryptophan also helps your brain produce the feel-good brain chemical
serotonin, according to Health Information News, leading to improved
moods and a lowered risk for depression.
If low moods tend to interfere with your sleeping capabilities,
potatoes, bananas and other tryptophan sources might provide
exceptional benefits.
Tips to Avoid Daytime Sleepiness
Nearly everyone has days when they feel sleepy. But for some
people, excessive sleepiness actually gets in the way of daily work,
childcare, and even leisure activities. This is known as hypersomnia,
recurrent sleepiness that makes people want to nap repeatedly, even at
work.
Not surprisingly, the problem of daytime sleepiness usually starts
at night. Even missing just a few nights’ sleep, or not getting enough
uninterrupted sleep, can slow you down and sour your mood.
Poor sleep habits are often the cause of daytime sleepiness. Before
you go through any more groggy and crabby days, try these 12 ways to
improve nighttime sleep and avoid daytime sleepiness.
1. Get adequate nighttime sleep.
That may sound obvious, but many of us succumb to shaving an
hour or two off our sleep time in the morning or at night to do other
things. Most adults need seven to nine hours a night, and teenagers
usually need a full nine hours. Block out eight or nine hours for sleep
every night.
2. Keep distractions out of bed.
“Reserve your bed for sleep and sex,” says Avelino Verceles, MD,
assistant professor at the University of Maryland School of Medicine and
director of the school’s sleep medicine fellowship. “You shouldn’t
read, watch TV, play video games, or use laptop computers in bed.” Don’t
do your bills or have heated discussions in bed either. They may leave
you sleepless.
3. Set a consistent wake-up time.
People who have problem sleepiness are often advised to go to bed
and get up at the same time every day, including on weekends. But
randomly setting an ideal bedtime can lead to more frustration if you
suffer from insomnia and already have trouble falling asleep, says Barry
Krakow, MD, medical director of Maimonides Sleep Arts and Sciences
Ltd. in Albuquerque,
N.M., and author of Sound Sleep, Sound Mind: 7 Keys to Sleeping
Through the Night.
Instead, Krakow suggests starting out by setting a wake-up time
only. “Stick by that for the first few weeks or even months to establish a
rhythm,” he says. “That process of always getting up at the same time
helps to anchor the circadian rhythm. And if you do that and have a bad
night, you’ll also to be sleepier the next bedtime.”
4. Gradually move to an earlier bedtime.
Another approach to getting into a consistent schedule is to try
going to bed 15 minutes earlier each night for four nights. Then stick
with the last bedtime. Gradually adjusting your schedule like this
usually works better than suddenly trying to go to sleep an hour earlier.

5. Set consistent, healthy mealtimes.
Regular mealtimes, not just regular sleep times, help regulate our
circadian rhythms. Eating a healthy breakfast and lunch on time --
rather than grabbing a doughnut and coffee in the morning or a late
sandwich on the run -- also prevents energy deficits during the day that
will aggravate your sleepiness. Plan to finish eating meals two to three
hours before bedtime.
6. Exercise.
Regular exercise (30 minutes a day on most days) offers multiple
benefits for sleep. Exercise, especially aerobic exercise, generally makes
it easier to fall asleep and sleep more soundly.
Exercise also gives you more daytime energy and keeps your
thinking sharp. And if you exercise outside in daylight, you get still more
benefits. Sleep
experts recommend 30 minutes of exposure to sunlight a day because
daylight helps regulate our sleep patterns.
7. De-clutter your schedule.
“If you don’t think you can allow seven or eight hours for sleep,
then you need to look at your schedule and make some adjustments,”
says Verceles. “Move some activities from nighttime to early evening or
from early to late morning.” Try to eliminate tasks that aren’t really
important. Getting enough sleep at night will help you function better
during your remaining activities.
8. Don’t go to bed until you’re sleepy.
If you go to bed when you’re just tired, you probably won’t be able
to fall asleep, Krakow says. “Distinguish between the feeling of sleepiness
and being tired. Get into bed when you’re sleepy -- eyes droopy, you’re
drowsy, you feel like you’re nodding off. It’s a very different kind of
feeling.”
9. Don’t nap late in the day.
Late afternoon napping can make daytime sleepiness worse if
because it can interfere with nighttime sleep.
10. Create a relaxing bedtime ritual.
A relaxation routine before bedtime can help you separate from the
day -- especially from activities that are over-stimulating or stressful,
making it difficult to sleep. Try meditation, soaking in a hot bath,
listening to soothing music, or reading a book. A cup of herbal tea or
warm milk can also be soothing, but skip those if they cause you to wake
at night to go to the bathroom.

11. Avoid "nightcaps."
People often think that alcohol helps sleep, but it actually robs you of
deep sleep, which is essential for feeling well rested. When the effects of
alcohol wear off during the night, you’ll probably be wide awake again.
12. See a sleep specialist.
Daytime sleepiness can be caused by sleep disorders. If you are
excessively sleepy consistently during the day even when you sleep well
or if you fall asleep without warning during daily activities, you may have
a sleep disorder such as narcolepsy or sleep apnea, a breathing problem
that occurs during sleep. According to Krakow, undiagnosed and
untreated sleep disorders are probably the greatest cause of daytime
fatigue and sleepiness
Problem sleepiness can also be caused by certain illnesses and
medications. And mental conditions such as depression, posttraumatic
stress disorder, and anxiety are very commonly linked to sleep problems.
A sleep specialist can design a treatment program for you that
treats the underlying sleep disorder and helps you develop better sleep
habits and attitudes though cognitive behavioral therapy. Sometimes it
takes a combination of medication and behavioral therapy to eliminate
daytime sleepiness, but it can be done.
13. Put on Some Tunes

Music has almost magical powers on our feelings and levels of
alertness. When you feel like catching some Z’s, try putting on some of
your favorite upbeat tunes. Avoid relaxing music or classical tunes that
put you out. If you can dance to it, then it should be playing loud!
14. Commit to a Regular Sleep Pattern
Two of the major culprits behind daytime sleepiness are a lack of sleep or
poor sleep quality. One of the best ways to avoid drowsiness is to commit
yourself to a regular sleep schedule. This will help you to have a great
deal more energy during the day, as well as fight depression, stress, and
feelings of frustration. Although everyone seems to function on different
amounts of sleep, most people find that seven to eight hours works well
for them. Be consistent with your bedtime and wake up time, even on the
weekends. Keep your bedroom completely dark to encourage restful
sleep. Even “night lights” have been shown to disturb deep sleep patterns
for some people. Invest in good quality pillows and mattresses, and keep
your bedroom on the cool side for deep, restful sleep that will super
charge your body with energy.
15. Take a Walk
Sitting on your butt won’t help you stay awake. Even if you still
have a great many things to do, when you feel sleepy, improve your
circulation by going for a short walk. If you can’t leave the building, at
least get up, go get a glass of water, take some papers to your co-worker,
walk up and down the stairs a few times — anything to get your blood
and body moving.
16. Start Your Day with Some Sunlight

Do your best to expose yourself to some natural sunlight every
single day. This will help to regulate your sleep-wake cycle, telling your
brain that it is time to stay awake. One study, published in the Journal
of Clinical Sleep Medicine in 2013, found that a deficiency of vitamin D
was linked to sleep problems, including daytime sleepiness. Our bodies
naturally convert sunlight into vitamin D. Whenever possible, get your
face and eyes out into the sunlight for 15 minutes. Skip the sunscreen
for this exercise.
17. Avoid Foods that Cause Drowsiness
There are certain foods that tend to make us sleepier than others.
Avoiding them, especially in the afternoon hours, can go a long way
towards helping you stay wide awake. Things to avoid:
Alcoholic beverages
Pastries
Potatoes
White rice
Pasta
Processed or smoked meat
Cereals or foods that contain high fructose corn syrup
Avoid coffee after your morning cup or two
18. Do the Cold-Water Splash
This sounds overly simplistic, but it works remarkably well. Whenever
you start to feel drowsy, simply splash some cold water on your face. The
sudden temperature change will not only wake you up, but it will
increase blood circulation. This should improve your overall mental focus
and energy levels. If possible, allow your wet face to air dry in front of a
fan or air conditioner for extra effective therapy. If you have trouble
waking up in the mornings, a cold burst or two of water while you
shower will certainly wake you up quickly.
19. Eat More Omega-3s
The University of Oxford conducted a 2014 study which found that
higher levels of omega-3 (DHA) are linked to better sleep. Anytime you get
a good night’s sleep, you can almost guarantee that you will not be
feeling sleepy during the daylight hours. Omega-3s will improve your
immunity, as well as keep you mentally alert all day long. A
recommended list of fish to eat includes trout, salmon, tuna, and
sardines. Other good sources of omega 3s are peanut
butter, walnuts, eggs, soy products, and flax seeds. Of course, you can
always take an omega-3 supplement.
20. Green Tea

After your morning cup or two of coffee, make the switch to green
tea. Green tea is unlike other teas in that it will give you energy all day
long, as well as fight stress. The polyphenols in green tea also encourage
better sleep. Don’t bother wasting your time drinking that stuff out of the
vending machine or the bottles they sell in most stores. Brew it up fresh
yourself. Feel free to drink three or more cups each day.
21. Try Aromatherapy
Aromatherapy can help relieve low energy levels, fatigue,
irritability, headaches, and, of course, daytime sleepiness. Some of the
best essential oils for this purpose are peppermint, grapefruit, basil, and
rosemary. You can sniff
straight from the bottle, put a few drops on a cloth and place it
nearby, or put some in a room diffuser. Reed diffusers are terrific for the
office!
22. Lemon Water

Drinking a glass of lemon water each morning can also help to
ward off daytime drowsiness. Lemon water keeps the body hydrated,
flushes out toxins, and revs up the metabolism. Being dehydrated affects
the oxygen levels in the brain, which can leave you feeling more tired or
sleepy during the day. First thing in the morning, squeeze the juice from
one half of an organic lemon into a glass of water. Drink this on an
empty stomach; first thing you wake up in the morning. You can also
repeat this in the afternoon if you like.
23. Get Some Exercise
To really improve your levels of alertness in the afternoons, you
need exercise. Getting just 30 minutes of exercise at least five days, each
week will go
a long way towards improving your overall sleep quality and
fighting off daytime drowsiness. Getting outdoor exercise in a natural
setting will provide you with the most benefits.

24. Make Healthy Food Choices
To prevent feeling sleepy later on in the day, never skip breakfast.
Eating a healthy but light breakfast will give your brain the food it needs
to stay alert so that you can be more productive during the day. Skipping
breakfast will result in low blood sugar, which will leave you feeling
weak, sleepy, and give you a headache as well.
Choose a good breakfast that includes low fat, high protein foods.
Good choices would be eggs, yogurt, cottage cheese, fresh fruit, oatmeal,
nuts, and smoothies. One good example would be a smoothie made with
Greek yogurt, a few strawberries, a banana, a few orange slices and a bit
of raw, organic honey. Avoid eating heavy lunches that include things
like pasta and bread.
Extra Tips:
Take a 20-minute power nap after lunch
Include more herbs such as ginger and cayenne pepper to rev up your
metabolism
Try 20 minutes of meditation before bedtime for a good night’s rest
Chewing sugar free gum during the day helps some people stay awake
Keep your workplace bright and uncluttered
Avoid junk foods, sugar, and foods high in saturated fats, such as typical
fast food
Take short breaks to refresh the mind
Get Up and Move Around to Feel Awake

1. In one well-known study, Robert Thayer, PhD, a professor at
California State University, Long Beach, studied whether people
were more energized by eating a candy bar or taking a brisk 10-
minute walk.
Though the candy bar provided a quick energy boost, participants
were actually more tired and had less energy an hour later. The
10-minute walk increased energy for two hours. That’s because
walking pumps oxygen through your veins, brain, and muscles.
2. Take a Nap to Take the Edge Off Sleepiness
There are two things to remember about naps: Don’t take more
than one and don’t take it too close to your bedtime. “Nap between five
and 25 minutes,” says Barry Krakow, MD, author of Sound Sleep, Sound
Mind: Seven Keys to Sleeping Through the Night. It’s best to nap about
six or seven hours before you would normally go to bed. If you must take
a late nap close to bedtime, make it a short one.

Napping on the job can be touchy. If you need to nap at work, do it
during your break and use a vibrating alarm clock, if necessary, to make
sure it doesn’t spill over into your work time. Sleeping at your desk is
usually not a good idea, but many companies now provide nap rooms for
employees.
“If you can’t nap, even resting quietly with your eyes closed for 10
minutes or so will help,” says Allison T. Siebern, PhD, a fellow at the
Stanford University Sleep Medicine Center in Redwood City, Calif.
3. Give Your Eyes a Break to Avoid Fatigue
Continuous fixation on a computer screen can cause eyestrain and
worsen sleepiness and fatigue. Look away from the screen for a few
minutes periodically to relax your eyes.
4. Eat a Healthy Snack to Boost Energy
Sugary snacks give you a quick energy boost followed by the sugar
“lows,” when low blood sugar produces mental fogginess and lethargy.
Snacks such as these will provide better overall energy in the long run:
Peanut butter on a whole wheat cracker or celery sticks

Yogurt and a handful or nuts or fresh fruit
Baby carrots with a low-fat cream cheese dip
5. Start a Conversation to Wake Up Your Mind
If you’re fading fast, engaging in conversation can get your mind
moving again. “Talk to a colleague about a business idea, politics, or
religion,” says Krakow, medical director of Maimonides Sleep Arts and
Sciences, Ltd. in Albuquerque, N.M. “It’s a very strong behavioral
stimulator -- especially when it’s a conversation about politics.”
6. Turn Up the Lights to Ease Fatigue
Environments with dim lighting aggravate fatigue. Studies have shown
that exposure to bright light can reduce sleepiness and increase
alertness. Try increasing the intensity of your light source at work.
7. Take a Breather to Feel Alert
Deep breathing raises blood oxygen levels in the body. This slows your
heart rate, lowers blood pressure, and improves circulation, ultimately
aiding mental performance and energy.

The idea of deep-breathing exercises is to inhale to the abdomen,
not the chest. You can do them at your desk. Sitting up straight, try this
exercise up to 10 times:
With one hand on your belly just below your ribs and the other on
your chest, inhale deeply through your nose and let your belly push your
hand out. Your chest should not move.
Breathe out through lips pursed as if you were whistling. You can
use the hand on your belly to help push air out.
Another technique, called stimulating breath, is used in yoga for a
quick energy boost and increased alertness: Inhale and exhale rapidly
through your nose, keeping your mouth closed but relaxed. Make your
in-and-out breaths short -- do about three of each cycle in a second.
Then breathe normally. You can do this for up to 15 seconds the first
time and then add on five seconds each time after until you reach a
minute.
8. If You’re Driving, Pull Over When Sleepy
“Driving while sleepy is as dangerous as driving under the
influence of alcohol,” says Siebern. Common tricks such as opening the
windows and turning on loud music won’t keep you awake for very long
behind the wheel. “Have someone else drive or pull off the road and take
a nap until you’re no longer sleepy,” Siebern says.
If you’re on an extended trip, change drivers often. Stop at least
every two hours to take a walk and get some fresh air.
9. Switch Tasks to Stimulate Your Mind
In 2004 Finnish researchers who studied people working 12-hour
night shifts found that monotonous work is as harmful as sleep loss for
alertness. At work or home, try to reserve more stimulating tasks for

your sleepy times. Or switch to more engaging work responsibilities when
you feel yourself nodding off.
10. Drink Water to Prevent Tiredness
Dehydration can cause fatigue. Make sure you drink plenty of
fluids and eat foods high in water such as fruits and vegetables.
11. Get Some Daylight to Regulate Your Sleep Cycles
Our circadian rhythms, which regulate our sleep-wake cycle, are
influenced by daylight. Try to spend at least 30 minutes a day outside in
natural sunlight. (Sleep experts recommend an hour of morning sunlight
a day if you have insomnia.) Even a step outside for a breath of fresh air
will revive your senses.
12. Exercise to Increase Energy and Reduce Fatigue
In an analysis of 70 studies involving more than 6,800 people,
University of Georgia researchers found that exercise was more effective

in increasing energy and reducing daytime fatigue than some
medications used to treat sleep problems. Regular exercise also improves
quality of sleep.
Try to exercise 30 minutes a day. If you decide to exercise hard
some days, your energy level may drop for a bit and then surge for a few
hours. Eating a meal that contains both protein and carbohydrates
within two hours after a heavy workout will lessen the initial energy loss.
Be sure to finish your workout a few hours before bedtime so you are not
energized when you try to sleep.

CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter deals with the research design, the participants, the
data gathering procedure and the statistical tools to be utilized in the
present investigation.
Research Design
Qualitative research design will be used in this study. Qualitative
research design is a research method used extensively by scientists and
researchers studying human behavior, opinions, themes and
motivations. ( https://explorable.com/qualitative-research-design)
Qualitative research is subjective, this usually involves gathering,
analyzing and interpreting data based on the participant observations
made about the participants and interviews. There is no definite number

of participants that qualitative research requires. This design will be
considered appropriate in this study to determine the common behaviors
of students that are being sleepy in class.
Participants of the Study
The participants of this study will be the students from Grade-11
San Lorenzo Ruiz de Manila.
Slovin’s formula will be used to determine the sample size of the
participants from the whole population.
N
Where, n= 2
(1+ N e )
N= population
e= margin of error
n= sample size
After the calculation of the sample size of the participants, the
researchers will use the lottery or fishbowl method to specify the
participants of the said study. The lottery method or fishbowl method is
a method where there is a need for a complete listing of the members of
the
population. The names or codes of all members are written on pieces of
paper cards and placed in a container. The researcher draws the desired
number of samples from the container. The process is relatively easy for
small population but relatively difficult and time consuming for a large
population. (https://www.slideshare.net/ludymae/chapter-8sample-
sampling-techniques)
Table 1
Distribution of the Respondents
Frequency Percentage
A. Entire Group 38 100%

B. Gender
Male 30 79%
Female 8 21%
Data Gathering Procedures
In this study, the data will be gathered with the use of the
questionnaires provided by the researchers and informal interviews. In
the use of questionnaires, the researchers provide the participants with
fixed questions where they will answer through their own opinions and
ideas. These fixed questions will be able to provide answers regarding the
said study that the researchers are conducting. Thus, answering the said
questionnaires uses patterned questions that enables the researchers to
obtain different answers from the participants.
Statistical Tools Used

The statistical tools used in analyzing data and interpreting the
data gathered will be in comparison and description based on the data
gathered and T-test could also be used.
T-test is beneficial in finding the significant differences between the
two categories of the variable.
CHAPTER 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter contains the presentation of data derived from the
questionnaires the were given to the respondents. It contains the
following parts: 1) Presentation of Data and 2) Analysis of Data
Presentation of Data
In gathering the said data, the researchers formulated a number of
questions that could possibly sought the answers they need in their
study. After formulating the questions, they wrote a permission letter to

both the principal and the adviser of their respondents. Upon receiving
the approval, they began to conduct the survey by giving the
questionnaires to the 38 respondents. The 38 respondents were
determined with the help of using the slovin’s formula.
Of the 38 respondents, all 100% of the sample population
answered the questionnaire given to them. However, only 26 respondents
or 68.5% of the total sample population completely answered the
questionnaires.
The following data were acquired by the researchers after
conducting the survey using the formulated questionnaires to the
respondents.
Table 1.2
Questions Yes No
1. I felt sleepy when the class is too boring. 35 3
2. I felt sleepy when I am hungry. 28 10
3. I felt sleepy when I cannot understand the 21 17
lesson.
4. I am sleepy when I don’t like the teacher. 16 22

5. I am sleepy when the teacher is not 16 22
around.
6. I am sleepy if I had not enough sleep. 36 2
7. I am sleepy when I am not feeling well. 35 3
8. I felt sleepy whenever the teacher scolds 12 26
me.
9. I felt sleepy after eating too much food. 21 17
10. I am sleepy when the class is too noisy. 12 26
Based on the given questions, the majority of the answers given by
the respondents are the following:
1. what are the main reasons why you felt sleepy in class?
-I felt sleepy in class because I don’t get enough sleep at night due
to sleeping late at night.
- I also felt sleepy whenever the class gets too boring and there is
nothing I can do.
- Lastly, I felt sleepy because that I am tired from staying up late at
night.
2. what are the ways that can help avoid being sleepy?
- The ways that could help avoid being sleepy is sleeping early so
that you could get enough rest.
-Also, to stop staying up late without any good reason so that you
won’t be tired after you wake up in the morning.
The researchers also gathered data regarding the percentage of the

answers given by the respondents.
Table 1.3
Questions Yes No
1. I felt sleepy when the class is too boring. 92.10% 7.90%

2. I felt sleepy when I am hungry. 73.60% 26.40%
3. I felt sleepy when I cannot understand the 55.30% 45.70%
lesson.
4. I am sleepy when I don’t like the teacher. 42.10% 57.90%
5. I am sleepy when the teacher is not 42.10% 57.90%
around.
6. I am sleepy if I had not enough sleep. 94.70% 5.30%
7. I am sleepy when I am not feeling well. 92.10% 7.90%
8. I felt sleepy whenever the teacher scolds 31.60% 64.40%
me.
9. I felt sleepy after eating too much food. 55.30% 45.70%
10. I am sleepy when the class is too noisy. 31.60% 64.40%
Data Analysis
Table 1.3 shows the percentage of each answers given by the
respondents; thus, it shows that a majority of the sample population
answered “yes” with regard to the given factors that made them sleepy.
On the other hand, table 1.2 shows the number of the answers
given by the respondents of the study. The results and analysis of the
data was the following:
1. I felt sleepy when the class is too boring.
-This question was answered “yes” by 35 respondents or about 92.10% of
the sample population. This means that most of the respondents are
being sleepy because the class is too boring.
2. I felt sleepy when I am hungry.
- This question was also answered “yes” by 28 respondents or about
73.60% of the sample population. This means that most of the
respondents are being sleepy because they are hungry.
3. I felt sleepy when I cannot understand the lesson.

-This question was also answered “yes” by about 55.30% of the sample
population. This means that most of the respondents are being sleepy
because they cannot understand or comprehend the lessons given to
them.
4. I am sleepy when I don’t like the teacher.
-This question was answered “no” by about 57.90% of the sample
population. This means that most of the respondents are not being
sleepy because they don’t like the teacher in front of them.
5. I am sleepy when the teacher is not around.
-This question was also answered “no” by about 57.90% of the
sample population. This means that most of the respondents are not
being sleepy because the teacher is not around thus giving them free
time.
6. I am sleepy if I had not enough sleep.

-This question was answered “yes” by about 94.70% of the sample
because they do not get enough sleep at night.
7. I am sleepy when I am not feeling well.
because they are not feeling well and are not in shape.
8. I felt sleepy whenever the teacher scolds me.
-This question was answered “no” by about 64.40%of the sample
sleepy because the teacher scolds them for their misbehavior.
9. I felt sleepy after eating too much food.
because they ate too much food.
10. I am sleepy when the class is too noisy.

-This question was answered “no” by about 64.40% of the sample
sleepy because the whole class is noisy.
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary of the findings, conclusions

drawn from the findings and the corresponding recommendations that
could draw the solutions to the said problems of the study.
Summary of Findings
The purpose of this study was to find the causes of being sleepy in
class among the G-11 San Lorenzo Ruiz de Manila as with regards to the
ways that they can avoid such behavior in class.
Moreover, this study sought to answer the following questions:
1. 1. What are the common behaviors of students that are being
sleepy in class?
2. What are the different factors that affects the sleepiness of
students?
3. What are the ways or techniques that can help avoid sleepiness?
This study based on Oswald’s Repair and Restoration Theory of
Sleep in which helped create the objectives of the study. Mixed
method was used in this study as the research design for it fills in
the disadvantages of the two methods, namely qualitative and
quantitative method.
The respondents of the study were the 38 students of Sta.
Jacinta de Jesus Marto wherein they have been selected using the
randon sampling namely the fishbowl method. The slovins formula
was used to determine the sample size from the whole population
of the class.
After the researchers have gathered the data, they
immediately interpreted and analyzed the said data. In question
number 1, 35 out of 38 or 92.10% of the respondents admitted
that they tend to get sleepy when they are bored, whereas 3 or
7.90% of the respondents doesn’t. In the second question, 28 out
of 38 or 73.60% of respondents say that they get sleepy when they

are hungry, while 10 or 26.10% say that they don’t. On the third
question, 21 out of 38 or 55.30% of respondents admitted that
they get sleepy when they cannot understand the lesson that the
teacher is teaching, on the other hand 17 or 45.70% say that they
don’t. In the fourth question, 16 out of 38 or 42.10% of
respondents say that they tend to get sleepy when they don’t like
the teacher, whereas 22 or 57.90% say that they don’t. On the
fifth question, 16 out of 38 or 42.10% stated that they
Conclusions
The Causes of Being Sleepy Among the
G-11 San Lorenzo Ruiz de Manila
A Research Proposal
Presented to
Rowena O. Esparagoza, Ph. D
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in

Research 1
by
Ian Dave Opao
Icon Clint Tan
Jose Española
Jhon Albert Montilla
Lynx Espartero
Edmer Samonte
Rman Jhed Alamis
March, 2019

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ST. ANTHONY’S HIGH SCHOOL OF BARBAZA, INC.

Barbaza, 5706 Antique, Philippines

Background of the Study

Sleep is a basic necessity of life. It helps to stimulate the mind and

is essential for revitalizing and restoring the physiological processes that

Repair and Restoration Theory of Sleep).

Sleep is important especially to the students, for the reason that it

grades in school. In addition to, a majority of students nowadays doesn’t

them unproductive in their own class.

The link between sleep and academic performance is an important

research domain, particularly in the later adolescent years, as school

performance is linked closely to subsequent educational and work

attainment (De Ridder et al., 2012). Sleep and academic

performance may be related through several pathways and mechanisms.

A direct effect of sleep has been shown in experimental studies in which

sleep restriction has resulted in impaired learning and memory

performance in early adolescence (Curcio et al., 2006). Sleep may also

impact upon academic performance indirectly through tardiness or

school absence, which often accompanies sleep problems in this age

group (Hysing et al., 2015). Finally, there may be confounding factors,

such as socioeconomic status (SES) known to be related to both sleep

account for some of the association.

Statement of the Problem

answers to the following questions:

2. What are the different factors that affects the sleepiness of

Based on the aforementioned questions, the researchers advanced

the following null hypothesis:

1. There are no common behaviors of students that are being sleepy

2. There are no different factors that affects the sleepiness of

3. There are no ways or techniques that can help avoid sleepiness

Significance of the Study

The results of the study may be beneficial to the following:

Students. Students will be able to understand why they are being

avoid and/or prevent sleepiness in class.

Parents. The result may serve as basis to the behaviors of their

Teachers. The result of the study may also serve as a basis to

understand the behaviors of their students and to make them take

actions to stop such behaviors.

Future Researchers. If disseminated, the result of this study may

be beneficial to those who want to make a research proposal that is

other related information about the study.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

on the participant’s opinions and ideas regarding the said topic.

The Grade 11 STEM is composed of 42 students, 33 boys and 9

would be used to determine the participants.

The researchers agreed to conduct the study at St. Anthony’s High

period in the morning.

are given their respective conceptual and operational meaning:

Cause. Cause refers to something that brings about an effect or a

result. (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 1828)

Sleepy. Sleepy pertains to a state that is inclined to, or overcome

by sleep. (Webster’s New School & Office Dictionary, 1967)

that is the main topic of the study.

Class. Class is a set or category of things having some property or

attribute in common and differentiated from others by kind, type, or

quality. (Helen de Leon, Magalende Magalona, Proficiency in

section of the participants in the study.