Read 5 completed Criminological Research and make a matrix about chapter 1.

Write your
answers in the table below.

Name of Research Title RATIONALE OF THE General Statement

Researcher RESEARCH STUDY: Objective of the
problem

1. Brio The Rise and Fall This study aims to This study aims The
nne Antoine of Hotspots of examine the changes in to examine the following
Homicide in the homicides and hotspots changes in section
Port of Spain in the Port-of-Spain homicides and synthesizes
Division: Changes Division in Trinidad hotspots in the the
over Time in the during a period in which Port-of-Spain literature
Characteristics of police patrols were Division in on homicide
Murder. targeting identified hot Trinidad during trends and
spots of homicide. A a period in patterns as
descriptive analysis was which police well as
conducted over a two patrols were previous
year period, from June targeting research on
2014 to June 2016. identified hot the main
Changes in the spots of concepts
demographic and homicide. To related to
situational accomplish hotspot
characteristics were this, a policing.
examined with descriptive The
quantitative methods. analysis of subsequent
Regression models and homicides three
qualitative information data, hotspot chapters
were utilized to evaluate patrol data and respectively
the relationship hotspots maps discuss the
between increased was conducted data,
hotspot patrol dosage over a two methodolog
and declines in year period y and data
homicides. Spatial from June analysis
analyses were used to 2014 to June techniques,
measure crime 2016. The two the results
displacement and year period of the
emergence of new was divided analyses
homicide hotspots. into a low and
homicide discussion
period, defined of the
as months with findings.
six homicides The final
or less, and a chapter
high homicide proposes
period, implications
described as of the
month with findings and
seven the
homicides or conclusions
more. Both based on
quantitative study.
and qualitative
methods were
utilized to
examine the
data.
2.

Generally
Micha elJohn THE The Result of ,the study This Study
the study is Aims To
was
Sullano BEHAVIORAL important and determin
conducte
e
DEVELOPMENT beneficial to the d to
following: determin the
OF A e the
Community.This behaviou behavioral
CHILD study will be developm
ral
helpful to the ent ofthe
HAVING residents to be developm
child
able to acquire ent of the having
SEPARATED child
knowledge and separated
PARENTS IN having a barentsin
determine the separated Citihomes
behaviour Subdivisio
CITIHOMES barentsin
SUBDIVISION, n
Citihomes
Subdivisi Molino IV,
MOLINO development of the
on, Bacoor
child having separated
IV, MolinoIV,
parents. In Cavite.
Bacoor,
BACOOR, Cavite.
1. What
CAVITE: are the
Specifical
ACASEANALYS ly,the behavioral
following developm
are the ent of
objective thechildha
s of the vinga
study: separated
barentsin
1.Todeter
Citihomes
minethe
Subdivisio
behaviou n
ral
developm Molino IV,
ent of the Bacoor
childhavi
Cavite?
nga
IS
separated 2.Whatinter
barentsin vention
Citihomes diversionpr
Subdivisi ogramisto
on, beproposed
MolinoIV, toaddress
 Bacoor, the effects
Cavite. of having
separated
2.To parents?
Determin
e What
intervention/di
version
programs to be
proposed to
address the
effects having
separated
parents.

3. Ant Tracking Police recording of This thesis British

hony Jones investigative sexual offences has used all crimes Transport
outcomes of increased in England and for BTP Police (BTP)
sexual offences in Wales by 29% for the between 1st is a national
British Transport year ending December April 2010 and specialist
Police by the 2015, compared with 31st March police
medium of the previous year. 2016 where service for
reporting British Transport Police medium and the railway;
have had a comparative source data with a duty
rise, but have also seen were available, and
an 11% reduction in the which amounts commitmen
detection of these to 5842 cases. t to protect
offences. This has A large set of and serve
coincided with variables for the railway
successful media both are then environmen
campaigns encouraging refined and t and its
victims to report each one community,
unwanted sexual tested for a keeping
behaviour by text and significant levels of
Twitter. This study aims relationship disruption,
to review all crimes and with crime and
determine whether the detections the fear of
reporting medium and using crime as
reporting source, chisquared low as
meaning how it was tests, t-tests possible.
reported and by whom, and effect size However, in
is related to the onward analysis. Victim line with
co-operation of the contact and the wider
victim; and ultimately attempted police
whether these variables contact data service in
have an influence on the has been England and
detections. This thesis collected from Wales,
used all crimes for BTP 361 cases, notifiable
between 1st April 2010 randomly crime on
and 31st March 2016 sampled from the railways
where medium and the has seen a
source data were population. recent rise
available, which These were and sex
amounts to 5842 cases. also subject of crimes as a
A large set of variables statistical proportion
for both are then refined analysis in of this has
and each one tested for combination increased
a significant relationship with the key year-on-
with detections using variables. year to
chisquared tests, t-tests Those found to 2016 (1.7%,
and effect size analysis. have strong 2.2%, 3.0%
Victim contact and relationships and 4.0%);
attempted contact data are further with the
has been collected from tested using greatest
361 cases, randomly multivariate concentrati
sampled from the analysis and on of
population. These were binary logistic offending in
also subject of statistical regression. London
analysis in combination (70%).
with the key variables. Sexual
Those found to have assault is
strong relationships are recognised
further tested using as amongst
multivariate analysis and the most
binary logistic regression challenging
problems
facing
criminal
jurisdictions
, with lack
of
confidence
in police
and the
criminal
justice
system seen
as a main
contributor
to under-
reporting
(Taylor et
al., 2010).
These issues
have been
widely
researched
with similar
findings
detailing
the
contribution
of reporting
barriers and
negative
public
perceptions
of sexual
assault;
referred to
as a ‘hidden
prevalence’
(Neame et
al., 2003).
This was
confirmed
as an issue
by
Transport
for London
in (2013)
when
results of
their survey
found that
9% of
respondent
s had been
subject of
unwanted
sexual
behaviour.
Also of
concern,
was that
 96% of
these
informed
that they
had not
reported
the
incident.

4. Ven Fire hazard in Buildings contain several To address This

katesh buildings: review, direct and indirect these traditional
Kodur and assessment and sources that contribute challenges, this approach of
Puneet strategies for to fire hazard; and in the study proposes ensuring
Kumar improving fire event of a fire there is a new fire safety
safety significant risk to life, integrated have
structure, property and framework several
environment from the (see Figure 1) limitations
initial development of fire in
stages of fire itself.Fire protection addressing
hazard constitute of all features in contempora
factors present in a buildings, ry fire
building that can cause regulation and hazard
ignition (start fire), enforcement, challenges
aggravate fire severity, consumer (discussed
incapacitate building fire awareness, in detail in
safety provisions, and and Section 4)
hinder escape or technology and provide
firefighting operations. and resources limited
Based on available advancement guidelines
statistics it is suggested to improve fire on
that cooking is the safety in prevention
leading cause of fire in buildings. of fire
both residential and Unlike current hazard
non-residential buildings fire safety itself. Major
(USFA, 2016). Other improvement limitations
sources of ignition in strategies, of active
buildings include all live which focus fire
flames, heaters and hot only on protection
surfaces, electrical improving fire systems
malfunction, fireworks, protection include
and arson and features in poor
vandalism. After buildings (i.e. performanc
ignition, fire severity can managing e and
be aggravated by several impact of fire functional
factors such as large hazard), the reliability,
quantity of combustible novelty of and high
household materials; proposed cost of
improper storage of framework lies installation
tools, rubbish, in and
equipment, and volatile encompassing maintenanc
flammable materials both e -which
(liquid petroleum gas, prevention and often
paints, ammunition management becomes a
etc.); materials of fire hazard. big concern
producing toxic smoke To in
on combustion; and demonstrate developing
combustible building the countries
components such as applicability of with limited
composite panels and this framework monetary
timber. Also, use of in improving resources.
open architecture (glass fire safety in On the
partitions, false ceiling buildings, other hand,
etc.), large windows, major passive fire
and poor fire limitations of protection
compartmentation current fire focusses on
design can cause rapid protection fire
fire growth and spread measures are performanc
by providing constant identified, and e of
supply of oxygen to fire. detailed individual
All of the factors strategies are structural
discussed above have a provided to members
direct impact on starting address these and building
fire or increasing its limitations component
severity, and a using proposed s instead of
comprehensive review fire safety holistic fire
of all such factors can be framework. safety in
found in the literature Special building;
(Buchanan and Abu, emphasis is which leads
2017; Drysdale, 2011) given to cost- to an
effectiveness unquantifie
of proposed d fire safety
strategies, and in building.
research and Moreover,
training needs prescriptive
to further approach of
enhance ensuring
building fire fire safety is
safety are not well
identified. integrated
with actual
 building
design
process,
and often
fire design
is done with
the main
goal of
obtaining
approval
from fire
safety
regulatory
bodies
(Maluk et
al., 2017).
Therefore,
in
developing
countries
with poor
regulation
and
enforcemen
t
environmen
ts, often no
or
inadequate
fire safety
provisions
are
provided in
buildings.

5. Eric Expanding the Enhancing the Data Enhancing the While there
P. Baumer, Scope of Infrastructure Data is a
Richard Research on Notwithstanding the Infrastructure burgeoning
Rosenfeld, Recent Crime extraordinarily useful Notwithstandi research
Kevin T. Trends features of the NACJD, ng the literature
Wolff which contains many extraordinarily on crime
pertinent data elements useful features trends,
that will be of interest to of the NACJD, much of the
researchers who wish to which contains extant
study recent crime many research
trends, the existing data pertinent data has adopted
infrastructure is limited elements that a relatively
in two notable ways: (1) will be of narrow
it is incomplete and/or interest to approach,
somewhat researchers efforts
decentralized; and (2) it who wish to across
contains pieces of the study recent studies are
puzzle but little shared crime trends, highly
work-product about the existing variable,
how those pieces might data and the
be and often are fitted infrastructure overall
together. Before is limited in conclusions
elaborating on the first two notable that can be
issue, it is important to ways: (1) it is drawn are
acknowledge that the incomplete ambiguous.
NACJD and other data and/or In our
archives bring together somewhat judgment,
an enormous volume of decentralized; one reason
data, much of which is and (2) it for this
pertinent to research on contains pieces state of
recent crime trends. of the puzzle affairs is
Indeed, without the but little that the
NACJD it would be shared work- current data
nearly impossible to product about infrastructu
access in short-order the how those re that
various components pieces might supports
needed to sufficiently be and often crime
examine crime trends are fitted trends
across multiple units, together. research is
such as states, counties, Before incomplete
or cities. Nevertheless, elaborating on and
there are several data the first issue, scattered,
resources that are it is important yielding
relevant to studying to redundant
crime trends that do not acknowledge efforts and
fall within the normal that the NACJD highly
confines of the NACJD. and other data inconsistent
This includes data on archives bring approaches.
social, economic, and together an The primary
demographic attributes enormous purpose of
from the decennial volume of this project
census and the annual data, much of was to
American Community which is enhance the
Survey (ACS), data on pertinent to data
annual unemployment research on infrastructu
rates from the Bureau of recent crime re by
Labor Statistics (BLS), trends. Indeed, compiling in
data on wages and other without the a
economic indicators NACJD it would centralized
from the Bureau of be nearly location the
Economic Analysis impossible to most
(BEA). Other pertinent access in short- commonly
data sources (e.g., the order the referenced
National Corrections various datasets
Reporting Program components and
[NCRP]) are included in needed to measures.
NACJS, but not in forms sufficiently An ancillary
that are easily modified examine crime objective
to support their use in trends across was to
studies of crime trends. multiple units, illustrate
Finally, some of the such as states, the utility of
available resources counties, or the
housed at the NACJD cities. resulting
possess notable Nevertheless, data
limitations for studying there are archive. We
contemporary crime several data do so by
trends. For example, resources that considering
though the NACJD are relevant to three
produced county-level studying crime substantive
crime and arrest data trends that do research
avoid many of the issues not fall within issues: (1) a
that emerge when the normal uniform set
researchers estimate confines of the of analyses
county data from NACJD NACJD. This across
(or FBI) agency-level includes data states,
data (see Maltz and on social, counties,
Targonski, 2002, 2004), economic, and and cities;
the current county-level demographic (2) an
holdings at NACJD apply attributes from assessment
divergent imputation the decennial of the
procedures from 1994 census and the conditional
onward, introducing an annual effects of
important break from American economic
prior years that can be Community conditions
problematic for studies Survey (ACS), on recent
of crime trends that data on annual crime
span before and after unemployment trends; and
this period. rates from the (3) an
Bureau of expanded
Labor Statistics analysis of
(BLS), data on the effects
wages and of key
other criminal
economic justice
indicators from attributes
the Bureau of (e.g., the
Economic nature of
Analysis (BEA). policing,
Other age- and
pertinent data crime-
sources (e.g., specific
the National imprisonme
Corrections nt rates) on
Reporting recent
Program crime
[NCRP]) are trends that
included in have not
NACJS, but not been
in forms that considered
are easily extensively
modified to in prior
support their research.
use in studies
of crime
trends. Finally,
some of the
available
resources
housed at the
NACJD possess
notable
limitations for
studying
contemporary
crime trends.
For example,
though the
NACJD
produced
county-level
crime and
arrest data
avoid many of
the issues that
emerge when
researchers
estimate
county data
from NACJD
(or FBI)
agency-level
data (see
Maltz and
Targonski,
2002, 2004),
the current
county-level
holdings at
NACJD apply
divergent
imputation
procedures
from 1994
onward,
introducing an
important
break from
prior years
that can be
problematic
for studies of
crime trends
that span
before and
after this
period.