1) A single-cylinder, 4-stroke cycle engine using CNG (compressed natural gas) as fuel has a

cylinder, 20.3 cm bore × 30.5 cm stroke and runs at 300 rpm. If the volumetric efficiency of
the engine based on conditions approaching the cylinder is 78% and the air/fuel ratio is 4 : 1,
determine the volume of gas used per minute.
2) The volumetric efficiency of a petrol engine at full load is 80 percent, atmospheric conditions
being 1.013 bar and 25°C, and inlet and exhaust pressures are equal to the atmospheric
pressure. The compression ratio of the engine is 7.5. If the inlet temperature is raised to
45°C and exhaust pressure is raised to 1.15 bar, determine:
(i) The volumetric efficiency;
(ii) The percentage change in indicated output of the engine.
3) A 1-cylinder, 4-stroke cycle engine has a bore of 320 mm and stroke 380 mm. In a test the
gas consumption was metered 0.25 m3/min. at 120 mm of water and 27°C. The air
consumption was 3.36 kg/min at atmospheric pressure of 1.013 bar and temperature 27°C.
The speed of the engine was 280 r.p.m. The calorific value of gas used was 18600 kJ/m3 at
25°C and 1.013 bar. Calculate:
(i) The volumetric efficiency of the engine;
(ii) The heating value of 1 m3 of the charge at 25°C and 1.013 bar.
4) The following observations have been made from the test of a four cylinder, two-stroke
gasoline engine. Diameter = 10 cm; stroke = 15 cm; speed = 1600 rpm; Area of the positive
loop of the indicator diagram = 5.75 sq cm; Area of the negative loop of the indicator
diagram = 0.25 sq cm; Length of the indicator diagram = 55 mm; Spring constant = 3.5
bar/cm; Find the indicated power of the engine.
5) A four-cylinder engine running at 1200 rpm delivers 20 kW. The average torque when one
cylinder was cut is 110 Nm. Find the indicated thermal efficiency if the calorific value of the
fuel is 43 MJ/kg and the engine uses 360 grams of gasoline per kW h.
6) Find the air-fuel ratio of a four-stroke, single-cylinder, air-cooled engine with fuel
consumption time for 10 cc is 20.4 s and air consumption time for 0.1 m3 is 16.3 s. The load
is 17 kg at the speed of 3000 rpm. Find also brake specific fuel consumption in g/kW h and
brake thermal efficiency. Assume the density of air as 1.175 kg/m3 and specific gravity of
fuel to be 0.7. The lower heating value of fuel is 43 MJ/kg and the dynamometer constant is
5000.
7) A petrol engine, with a compression ratio of 7.5 develops 75 kW indicated power with
ambient conditions of 1.01 bar and 27°C. A supercharger is added which increases the inlet
pressure to 1.38 bar and inlet temperature to 48°C under otherwise identical conditions. If
the volumetric efficiency of the engine is 81% without supercharging, calculate:
(i) The volumetric efficiency;
(ii) Indicated power of the supercharged engine.
8) An eight-cylinder, four-stroke engine of 9 cm bore and 8 cm stroke with a compression ratio
of 7 is tested at 4500 rpm on a dynamometer which has 54 cm arm. During a 10 minutes test
the dynamometer scale beam reading was 42 kg and the engine consumed 4.4 kg of gasoline
having a calorific value of 44000 kJ/kg. Air 27 ◦C and 1 bar was supplied to the carburettor at
the rate of 6 kg/min. Find
(i) the brake power delivered
(ii) the brake mean effective pressure
(iii) the brake specific fuel consumption
(iv) the brake specific air consumption
(v) the brake thermal efficiency
(vi) the volumetric efficiency and
 (vii) the air-fuel ratio
9) A four-stroke cycle gas engine has a bore of 20 cm and a stroke of 40 cm. The compression
ratio is 6. In a test on the engine the indicated mean effective pressure is 5 bar, the air to gas
ratio is 6:1 and the calorific value of the gas is 12 MJ/m3 at NTP. At the beginning of the
compression stroke the temperature is 77 ◦C and pressure 0.98 bar. Neglecting residual
gases, determine the indicated power, the thermal efficiency and the relative efficiency of
the engine at 250 rpm.
10) A six cylinder, four-stroke gasoline engine having a bore of 90 mm and stroke of 100 mm has
a compression ratio 7. The relative efficiency is 55% when the indicated specific fuel
consumption is 300 gm/kW h. Estimate
(i) the calorific value of the fuel and
(ii) corresponding fuel consumption, given that imep is 8.5 bar and speed is 2500 rpm.