DEC

50113
COMPUTER SYSTEM
DIAGNOSIS
AND MAINTENANCE
1 MSZ
 Computer System Diagnosis and
2 Maintenance

Chapter 1_2
PERSONAL COMPUTER
COMPONENTS
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Motherboards
names, purposes and characteristics of
motherboards

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1 CPU Socket
2 CPU_FAN - CPU cooling fan
connector
3 DIMM1~2 - 240-pin DDR2 SDRAM
slots
4 IRDA - Infrared header
5 FDD - Floppy diskette drive
connector
6 ATX1 - Standard 24-pin ATX power
connector
7 IDE1 - Primary IDE channel
8 CLR_CMOS - Clear CMOS jumper
9 SATA1~4 - Serial ATA connectors
10 PANEL1 - Panel connector for case
switches and LEDs
11 USB1-2 - Front Panel USB headers
12 1394a - IEEE 1394a header
13 BIOS_WP - BIOS flash protect
jumper
14 COM2 - Onboard Serial port hader
15 WOL1 - Wake On LAN connector
16 S/PDIF - SPDIF out header
17 F_AUDIO - Front panel audio
header
18 AUX_IN - Auxiliary In connector
19 PCI1~2 - 32-bit add-on card slots
20 PCIE1 - PCI Express x1 slot
21 PCIEX16 - PCI Express slot for
graphics interface
22 SYS_FAN - System cooling fan
connector
23 ATX12V - Auxiliary 4-pin power
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Form Factors
 These form factors standardize size, IO placement, ports,
expansion slots, and power requirements.
 Having a standard motherboard form factor, allows
standardization in the industry, and makes it easier for
case manufacturers to make cases that can house
standardized motherboards.
 Using the same form factor assures
 Motherboard fits the case
 Powers supply cords provide proper voltage
 Motherboard and case holes align properly
 Case and motherboard ports align
 Wires on case match connections on motherboard
 Power supply holes align with case
 Source : http://www.orbitmicro.com/ MSZ
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Form Factor

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Advanced Technology Extended

 ATX –most common form factor used for personal
computer (PC) world wide.
 Advantage is many option slot, PCI, Graphic Card,
SATA/PATA, large range of CPU types.
 Easy to upgrade or troubleshooting
 Dimensions : 12" x 9.6“ (305mm x 244mm)
 Versions
 Original ATX form factor used P1 connector
 ATX Version 2.1 specifications added 4-pin auxiliary connector
 ATX Version 2.2 allowed for 24-pin P1 connector
 Version 2.2 provides +12 volts, +5 volts, and +3.3 volts pins
 Motherboard offers soft switch feature
 http://www.orbitmicro.com/
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Micro-ATX
 Micro-ATX is a smaller variant of the ATX form
factor. Compatible with most ATX cases, but
has fewer slots than ATX, for a smaller power
supply unit. Very popular for desktop and
small form factor computers. Micro-ATX was
explicitly designed to be backward-
compatible with ATX.
 Dimensions : 9.6" x 9.6"
 Dimensions : 244mm x 244mm
 Source : http://www.orbitmicro.com/

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Summary Form Factors

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Motherboard
Block
Diagram

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North & South Bridge

NORTH
BRIDGE

SOUTH
BRIDGE MSZ
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Northbridge

Southbridge

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BUS – Line & Expension

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Connector

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Peripheral Component Interconnect

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Slot Comparison
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Riser Card
 Used to extend a slot for card in computer to
make room to plug it in. They are most
commonly used in low-profile, 1U and 2U
rackmount chassis or embedded systems.
Riser cards cards plug into their respective bus
(they are available for PCI, PCI-X, AGP, AGP
Pro, PCI Express, ISA, or other busses) that are
plugged into the riser card, so that they are
parallel with the motherboard.
 Riser cards are available in 1-slot passive risers
all the way up to 3-slot passive riser cards for
2U rackmounts
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Riser
Card

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Multiple
Riser
Card
Slots

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BUS
Extender

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BUS Extender
 Similar to riser cards however it is parallel with the
motherboard. They are used like extension cords
for power outlets. They basically extend the bus to
another location so it is more convenient for the
user. Customers who have low profile applications
such as 1U or 2U rackmount systems, embedded
systems, or custom projects where their peripheral
cards plugged into the onboard expansion slots
are too tall for their application. Or if that
particular application requires them to relocate
their card to a different portion of their enclosure

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1U Rack Mount

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1U Rack Mount

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2U Rack Mount

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4U Rack Mount

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Accelerated Graphics Port

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Socket
1.DIMM
2.SATA
3.IDE/PATA
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IDE/ Parallel-ATA(PATA)
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Intelligent Drive Electronics

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IDE Socket
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SERIAL ATA (SATA)

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SATA DATA CABLE

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PCI and AGP Voltage

Differences
 PCI, AGP, and AGP Pro cards and expansion
slots have different voltages that affect
mechanical compatibility with one another.
However PCI cards that are universally keyed
are compatible in both 5V and 3.3V slots.
AGP and AGP Pro universal cards can plug
into any 1.5V and 3.3V AGP and AGP Pro
slots. 32-bit PCI Slots and Cards come in 3.3V
and 5V options. Below is an illustration of what
32-bit PCI 5V and 3.3V and
slots looks like.
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PCI differences
64-bit PCI Slots and Cards come in 3.3V and 5V options. Below is
an illustration of what 64-bit PCI 5V, 3.3V and universal gold fingers
and slots looks like.

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AGP
AGP Slots and Cards come in 3.3V and 1.5V options. Below is an
illustration of what 32-bit PCI 5V, 3.3V and universal goldfingers
and slots looks like.

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AGP Pro
AGP Pro Slots and Cards come in 3.3V and 1.5V options. Below is an
illustration of what 64-bit PCI 5V, 3.3V and universal goldfingers
and slots looks like.

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