Laput, Christian John A.

EE3-1
EE323 – Instrumentation and Control
Quiz 2
Process and Instrumentation Diagram; Open loop and Control loop system
1. Discuss open loop and closed loop system in a process and instrumentation
system.
Open Loop System
The system whose control action is free from the output is known as the
open loop control system.
In open loop control system, the output does not affect the control action of
the system. In other words, the system whose working depends on time is known
as the open loop control system. The open loop system is free from the feedback.
The open loop system is simple, require less maintenance. Also, it is fast in
operation and very economical. But the accuracy of the system is less, and it is
less reliable.

Advantages of the open-loop control system:

➢ Economical
➢ Generally Stable
➢ Convenient
➢ Simple in design and Construction

Disadvantages
▪ They are unreliable
▪ They are inaccurate
▪ Output results cannot be changed automatically
Closed Loop System
The closed-loop control system means the output of the system depends
on their input. The system has one or more feedback loops between its output and
input. The closed-loop system design in such a way that they automatically provide
the desired output by comparing it with the actual input. The closed-loop system
generates the error signal which is the difference between the input and output.
The closed loop system is more reliable and accurate. But this system is
very expensive and requires high maintenance.

Advantages of the closed-loop control system:

✓ The closed-loop control systems are more accurate even in the presence
of nonlinearities.
✓ The system is less affected by noise
✓ The sensitivity of the system may be made small to make the system more
stable.
✓ Highly accurate as any error arising is corrected due to the presence of a
feedback signal.

Disadvantages of the closed-loop control system:

➢ They have a complicated design
➢ Feed back leads to an oscillatory response.
➢ Expensive and requires more maintenance

2. Which of the two types of system is more favorable to use? Why?

- Among the two types of system, the closed loop system is more reliable and
favorable to use. Most of the industries or business establishments used it since it
is more accurate and reliable as it corrects the output or results without manually
altering the input. It does have a feedback mechanism wherein it sends a signal to
the input whenever an abnormalities or unexpected output happens. Moreover, the
closed-loop system generates the error signal which is the difference between the
input and output.