Activity 2 – Primary Source Analysis Tool
Name: __________________________________
Name of Instructor: _______________________
Class Schedule: __________________________
SET A. Observe – Reflect- Questions
Analyze the following pre-Hispanic Philippine sources using the guide questions provided below.
LAGUNA COPPERPLATE INSCRIPTION, c. 900 AD
(1) Hail! In the Saka-year 822; the month of March-April; according to the astronomer: the
fourth day of the dark half of the moon; on (2) Monday. At that time, Lady Angkatan together
with her relative, Bukah by name, (3) the child of His Honor Namwran, was given, as a
special favor, a document of full acquittal, by the Chief and Commander2 of Tundun (4)
representing the Leader of Pailah, Jayade~a.~ This means that His Honor Namwran, through
the Honorable Scribe4 (5) was totally cleared of a salary-related5 debt of 1 kati and 8
suwarna (weight of gold): in the presence of His Honor the Leader of Puliran, (6) Kasumuran;
His Honor the Leader of Pailah, representing Ganasakti; (and) His Honor the Leader (7) of
Binwangan, representing Bisruta. And, with his whole family, on orders of the Chief of Dewata
(a), representing the Chief of Mdang, because of his loyalty as a subject (slave?)' of the Chief,
therefore all the descendants (9) of his Honor Namwran have been cleared of the whole debt
that His Honor owed the Chief of Dewata. This (document) is (issued) in case (10) there is
someone, whosoever, sometime in the future, who will state that the debt is not yet acquitted
of His Honor. . .
Date: ____________________
CODE OF KALANTIAW, c. 1433
Article I - Ye shall not kill, neither shall ye steal nor shall ye hurt the aged, lest ye incur the danger of death. All those who
this order shall infringe shall be tied to a stone and drowned in a river or in boiling water.
Article II - Ye shall punctually meet your debt with your headman. He who fulfills not, for the first time shall be lashed a
hundredfold, and If the obligation is great, his hand shall be dipped threefold in boiling water. On conviction, he shall be
flogged to death.
Article II- Obey ye: no one shall have wives that are too young, nor shall they be more than what he can take care of, nor
spend much luxury. He who fulfils not, obeys not, shall be condemned to swim three hours and, for the second time, shall
be scourged with spines to death.
Article IV - Observe and obey ye: Let not the peace of the graves be disturbed; due respect must be accorded them on
passing by caves and trees where they are. He who observes not shall die by bites of ants or shall be flogged with spines
till death.
Article V - Obey ye: Exchange in food must be carried out faithfully. He who complies not shall be lashed for an hour. He
who repeats the act shall, for a day be exposed to the ants.
Article VI - Ye shall revere respectable places, trees of known value, and other sites. He shall pay a month's work, in gold
or money, whoever fails to do this; and if twice committed, he shall be declared a slave.
Article VII - They shall die who kill trees of venerable aspect; who at night shoot with arrows the aged men and the
women; he who enters the house of the headman without permission; he who kills a fish or shark or striped crocodile.
Article VIII - They shall be slaves for a given time who steal away the women of the headmen; he who possesses dogs
that bite the headmen; he who burns another man's sown field.
Article IX - They shall be slaves for a given time, who sing in their night errands, kill manual birds, tear documents
belonging to the headmen; who are evil-minded liars; who play with the dead.
Article X - It shall be the obligation of every mother to show her daughter secretly the things that are lacivious and prepare
them for womanhood; men shall not be cruel to their wives, nor should they punish them when they catch them in the act
of adultery. He who disobeys shall be torn to pieces and thrown to the caymans.
Article XI - They shall be burned, who by force or cunning have mocked at and eluded punishment, or who have killed two
young boys, or shall try to steal the women of the old men (agurangs).
Article XII - They shall be drowned, all slaves who assault their superiors or their lords and masters; all those who abuse
their luxury; those who kill their anitos by breaking them or throwing them away.
Article XIII - They shall be exposed to the ants for half a day, who kill a black cat during the new moon or steal things
belonging to the headmen.
Article XIV - They shall be slaves for life, who having beautiful daughters shall deny them to the sons of the headman or
shall hide them in bad faith.
Article XV - Concerning their beliefs and superstitions: they shall be scourged, who eat bad meat of respected insects or
herbs that are supposed to be good; who hurt or kill the young manual bird and the white monkey.
Article XVI - Their fingers shall be cut off, who break wooden or clay idols in their olangangs and places of oblation; he
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 who breaks Tagalan's daggers for hog killing, or breaks drinking vases.
Article XVII - They shall be killed, who profane places where sacred objects of their diwatas or headmen are buried. He
who gives way to the call of nature at such places shall be burned.
Article XVIII - Those who do not cause these rules to be observed, if they are headmen, shall be stoned and crushed to
death, and if they are old men, shall be placed in rivers to be eaten by sharks and crocodiles.

OBSERVE REFLECT QUESTIONS

(What do you notice first?) What do you notice
that you did not expect? What do you notice that
you can’t explain? What do you notice that you
didn’t earlier?
(Where do you think this came from? Why do you (What do you wonder about…
think somebody made this? What do you think was
happening when this was made? Who do you think Who? What? When? Where? Why? How?
was the audience for this item? What tool was
used to create this? Why do you think this item is
so important? If somebody made this today, what
would be different? What can you learn from
examining this?

FURTHER INVESTIGATION (What more do you want to know, and how can you find out?)
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SET B. CITATION PRACTICE

Write the correct citation of the following (5 pts each) by using the 17th Ed. CMS Guide:

1. Title: Knossos Mythology – History Guide to the Archaeological Site

Author: Antonis Vassilakis
Publisher: Adam Editions
City Published: Athens
Editor: Costas Adam
Date Published: 2002
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2. Title: The Laguna Copper-Plate Inscription: Text and Commentary

Author: Antoon Postma
Associated Institution: Ateneo de Manila University
Publisher: Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
City Published: Quezon City
Volume: 40, no. 2; pp-183-203
Date Published: 1992
URL: https://www.philippinestudies.net/ojs/index.php/ps/article/view/1033/1018
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3. Title: Quezon’s Game

Director: Matthew Rosen
Performers: Raymond Bagatsing, Rachel Alejandro, David Bianco, Kate Alejandrino
Production Companies: ABS-CBN Film Productions; Kinitek
Distributed by: Star Cinema
Release Date: 29 May 2019
Medium: DVD
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SET C. SHORT-ESSAY REVIEW

Give reasons why is it important to know the origin and purpose of every sources used in a historical inquiry. (5 pts)
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