Max

n
Classification
Nomenclature
Isomerism
Methods of Preparation

Tinggi
 2

Alkyl Halides 07-07-2021 17:36

Vimal S. Katiyar

Classification Nomenclature Isomerism Preparation

Saturation Trivial Structural Hydrocarbons

Degree IUPAC Stereo Alkyl Halides

Carbon Chain Alcohols, Ethers

Number of Aldehydes &

Halogen Ketones

Identity of
RCOOH/Z
Halogen

Position of C=C RNH2

 3

07-07-2021 17:50

Vimal S. Katiyar

ii
ii É i

10 20 30
aromatic
isomer
lot u s
 4

07-07-2021 17:51

Vimal S. Katiyar

i
 6

07-07-2021 17:51

Vimal S. Katiyar
 7
dichloride
trimethylene
Check 42 Cl
07-07-2021 17:51
4 terminal Vimal S. Katiyar

propylene di chloride
B eh
q le tic
cychen
ca
CI

gem
Propylidene
chloride
d

E
seminarian
 8

07-07-2021 17:51

Vimal S. Katiyar

H by
substituted

yall
 9

07-07-2021 17:42

Vimal S. Katiyar

Classification
Carbon Number of Identity of Position of
Saturation Degree
Chain Halogen Halogen C=C

Alkyl Primary Normal Mono Di Tri Poly Fluorides Vinylic

Gy
T
A
Alkenyl Secondary Iso Geminal Haloforms Chlorides Allylic
c

Alkynyl Tertiary Neo Vicinal Others Bromides Isolated

c c c
Aryl Iodides
 11

Isomerism 08-07-2021 08:26

Cnt Vimal S. Katiyar

Structural Stereo

Chain Geometrical

Ring Chain

Functional
Optical

i
B
Position

CnHan I X
ga
Metamerism

Tautomerism
 12

07-07-2021 17:47

Vimal S. Katiyar
 13
Alkanes

I
07-07-2021 17:36

Vimal S. Katiyar
Alkenes

Alkynes
Methods of
Preparation
Alkyl Halides

From
Alcohols

Ethers

Carbonyl
Compounds

RCOOH

RNH2
Preparation: From Alkanes
14

08-07-2021 08:35

Vimal S. Katiyar

x
Preparation: From Alkanes
15

08-07-2021 08:30

Vimal S. Katiyar

•
Preparation: From Alkanes
16

08-07-2021 09:19

Vimal S. Katiyar

O
Maisy
Preparation: From Alkenes
17

08-07-2021 08:34

Vimal S. Katiyar

•
•

mono vicinal dihalide

Preparation: From Alkenes
18

08-07-2021 08:33

Vimal S. Katiyar

•
•
Preparation: From Alkynes
19

08-07-2021 08:32

Vimal S. Katiyar

•
•

going apistetrahalide
Preparation: From Alkynes
20

08-07-2021 08:31

Vimal S. Katiyar

•
•

⑨ c c E FEI
Preparation: From Alkenes
21

08-07-2021 08:31

Vimal S. Katiyar

•
Preparation: From Alkenes
22

08-07-2021 08:36

Vimal S. Katiyar

Q
Preparation: From Alkyl Halides
23

08-07-2021 09:14

Vimal S. Katiyar

•
•
–

mm

P donotsolnate
Kmart
f anions
ME i pom solvatecations
Preparation: From Alkyl Halides
24

08-07-2021 09:17

Vimal S. Katiyar

•
•
–
•
covalent
–
mm
–

O O Reef
chBr I
Preparation: From Alkyl Halides
25

08-07-2021 09:18

Vimal S. Katiyar

•
•
–
•

•
ranch
on
a

j
c c stabilizes T S
Preparation: From Alkyl Halides
26

08-07-2021 09:15

Vimal S. Katiyar

•
•
tgÉ
– using Age ATIF
•

Q
Polaraproticsolvent
__faromsst
Answer to the HW-1
3

09-07-2021 11:47

Vimal S. Katiyar

dd

g 8

Il
a

3
a 10 5
Triptycend
you DBr 101 51
Answer to the HW-2
4

09-07-2021 11:50

Vimal S. Katiyar

i
chain

fat
o

at
Preparation: From Alcohols
5

09-07-2021 12:08

Vimal S. Katiyar

•
•
–

–
mm
–
Preparation: From Alcohols
6

09-07-2021 12:18

Vimal S. Katiyar

•
•
•
W
• lowney

it
Preparation: From Alcohols
7

09-07-2021 12:16

Vimal S. Katiyar
•
•

• ,

In
•
• ~
mums
Preparation: From Alcohols
8

09-07-2021 12:22

Vimal S. Katiyar

•
•
•

•
I o
•

É
•

•
Preparation: From Alcohols
9

09-07-2021 12:04

Vimal S. Katiyar

•
•
Preparation: From Alcohols
10

09-07-2021 11:59

Vimal S. Katiyar

•
•
–

O
a

HERE
Ron
Victormeyer'smeth
Preparation: From Alcohols
11

09-07-2021 12:57

Vimal S. Katiyar

•
•
–
Preparation: From Alcohols
12

09-07-2021 12:59

Vimal S. Katiyar

• Ni attacks from the

• backsideofthe
–

goodta
gm.my

u repeattwice a
goodNI
notpl
H É
Preparation: From Alcohols
13

09-07-2021 11:56

Vimal S. Katiyar

• N
chloride
•
– gonyl
•

•
me

p p
t in
if
 alkylchlorosulphite 14

09-07-2021 11:28

O
O
O
I
Vimal S. Katiyar

es

gray
It
Leaving

Dq
as02
ionpair

d Nu attacksfrom
thesameside
fromwhichtadepay
Preparation: From Adehydes & Ketones
15

09-07-2021 13:09

Vimal S. Katiyar

geminalditialid

Étui Pastry
0 O

jyg
Preparation: From Carboxylic Acids
16

09-07-2021 13:19

Vimal S. Katiyar

•
•

LCarbon growth
ng
carbon

i cyclic aromatic
Preparation: From Carboxylic Acids
17

09-07-2021 13:07

Vimal S. Katiyar

•
•

at

D
ya
m
Preparation: From Carboxylic Acids
18

09-07-2021 13:12

Vimal S. Katiyar

•
•

•
Preparation: From Carboxylic Acids
19

09-07-2021 13:13

Vimal S. Katiyar

•
•

•
Preparation: From Carboxylic Acids
20

09-07-2021 13:15

Vimal S. Katiyar

•
•

I
Preparation: From Carboxylic Acids
21

09-07-2021 13:10

Vimal S. Katiyar

•
I.ge
•

D ester major
product

3 2 D un
 22

09-07-2021 13:07

Vimal S. Katiyar
Preparation: From Alkyl Halides
23

09-07-2021 12:57

Vimal S. Katiyar

•
•
–
•
HSAB
24

09-07-2021 11:56

Vimal S. Katiyar

•
HSAB
25

09-07-2021 11:56

Vimal S. Katiyar

•
HSAB
26

09-07-2021 11:56

Vimal S. Katiyar

at Tocalindbital
nest
Sbk
I
02 F
HSAB
27

09-07-2021 11:56

Vimal S. Katiyar

É S

delocalized
I
HSAB
29

09-07-2021 11:56

Vimal S. Katiyar

O
HSAB
30

09-07-2021 11:56

É
Vimal S. Katiyar

Q
HSAB
32

09-07-2021 11:56

Vimal S. Katiyar

Mailman

RMgX
Grignard
HSAB
33

09-07-2021 11:56

Vimal S. Katiyar

•
–
•

sit 9
hard
hard
HSAB
34

09-07-2021 11:56

Vimal S. Katiyar

•
–

•
 harder
t
gigg
df.iq
I
jj

C I sb 4

my
Ig mga

yo R

out
F
air
If
t
 R X NE R Nu X
t
It leaving

gray

SNI Sn2
Energy
Profile

Eta
Swerds
AI
in
Mechanism
x In rt Rx ni R Nn tx

Rt Ni R Nu

kinetics
rateexprs.sn rate K Rx I hate K RX Nag
order 1
molecularity s

Factorsfavouring

intermediate stable carbocation stablets

R
s
P
as
efREDR3
I.at
 recharge f ve charge
Resonance Resonance

Hypercouj U
EWG
E DG
steric crowding
EWG 8 HIS

Substrate sarge sage large sarge Jaye iange

Nucleophile notbulky

It It T T
3alkyf72alkylsialkyl
ysL2alkylLialkylm.t

Éitz CIL 42 424

Éiz a 2 Eh 42 42
4 q f
lb 431
It Naattack Nuattedasy
et
difficult
KH 224
t
lowEa
 meociza mom a methoxyMethylchloride

Meociza 7 azazel meociza 7 azazel

f
t.si y
mo

Leavinggroup
I Bi a I Bi a
edgeways I 1
reversedirection

Nucleophile Poor Nucleophiles only strong Mii can

can do so makeSNL possible

0 Ni Ni CK xt
Mi n Butter Nu

Strong Nucleophile generates the weak Nu tobecond

Regioselectivity na na
Inversion
of configuration
WIIeersion

gyyysty
umbrell inversion
dig nai Backside attack Na ha

y't Tig c
fi dÉxs no If
É I 7 7 x

I
i i 1 it I NÉg x

4
 I usually be associatedwith R s
racemization 5 I
50 I psed
LG and Nu arethegroups
Usually incompletelacemization
withtopprionties
b
Ion Paisformation
t
enantiomeric excess
inverted product ofthe

the
f
product formed inexcess
is the invertedone
npr
eg t i
Oi 3
10 enantiomeric excess

fingutdproduct
optically active
sohu.eu
pnotic polar Aprotic
No available
give at ve charge hidden inside the molen
hi Ron
Mz yo
No anions are solvated
solvatesthe
A
cations
solvation
of cations only
S Nucleophilicity increased
end solvatestheanions

far.ms
farourSn1ClzCokb DMSO
iftar
both solvated
DMF

R X R 0
Luigi as É met
 Basicnature ability to combinewith that

iii
rateconstant
fadeophiliatyanicitthandnitsa carbine

Different Nucleophilic Atoms

Is Same Nuiatoms
Iii a
1
édensity
or to

PolarProtic Polaraprotic
solution
more édensityanions moresolvated no edensity a ni
lessavailable.gg fauns
igggg n
decreases decrease
downagroup
ENalsoplays
therole

my my my g

J
f Alphaeffect

Kazan na
presence
ofLPonLaton

otic sit or so I
Eigg
NB 7 120 HE
NIE OF É
Imitate gaspaasee
pokeprotic

More polarizable atoms better nucleophilic

t
i
O
crowning
f

Lot
ii one
cation
it

crown f ether
f lo atom
membered
ring Cto

te
holeis like polarapoticsohents

proudest
 A 1 É
f
morestable than
lofty
usonaneafghidnaturg

I I at
III.pt
 sand
neighbouring group
participation

Berti IEitftaI

p Eg IIIT End
É Actual
fi
p i
FL
t

É it
4
Ctb
kz Ki
bet

Highly stability
 2
i
plz cyst
or ch ch

LG
ta
CHICK IT

40 g

cÉÉÉg
Et g

p je
Ita Thon

EIFFEL
Had
I I
pt
II
y
Inn Inu

i
47 54
 chemicalPropatd

É i

SNReaH
Qalogennudeophiles

RU t KI Is
Ra t ki ah
R d Sbe Fs
 Charged
RA t 120 ROH

RU t R'on
II nor

Ra t on ROH
sa
RU t R'o ROR
ether
i it

at
pd

yg
if elimination
salted
moist Agrotizo
Ago
I Dry Ago
 Ra IIs Ron

Ls R OR

ng EMR a
II
It of
arts

FMI
FOR
on

Rota
b
13 Ayotte

Raff
rsn
RSR

EI
 R o dig

Ammonolysis alkylationof my
rata.at

L Ritz NH

if excess
of Ra

t
Eq
R a R Nn R
E
R r
20 30
R

RN R A R NER to
k
40ammonium

tide a new
LIMIT
R CI t NaN RN N N

I
R E NEN

1 Nh n

elimination
I
r r nai
g ir
Ii masted
Gabrielphthalimidesynthesis

Ii
ÉÉ
Na
Pot phthalimiggood

gphthalicant
1015
1
 carbonNucleophilic
Acetylide chain Elongation

R CE
É Ree R

31 CCI
sp hybrid Chs less basic

trance
like in
organometallic
organometallic
coupligeead

R r r

me xtEpg.g
allylic
III
basic Ithaca

EI a
A
 Supplement topic for Nucleophilic Reactions
of RX

o
entttt.tn
atonspresent
But either is actually behaving
reaction
forgiven

CN Nain or Ren ionic

Agen covalent

R Ch t Nacn R CN

R CI t Agen R NEE
 inalky

Nat

ÉM
m
f

gi
isocyanide

Ag EEN

Nog
Nanozor KNOz
Nat Nio
Us

Ag I N o Agnos

s R o no

1 a alkylnitrite

Agnos
R nd
Ho
Nitro alkane
Elimination
 Reactimaterothermetal

Marty Different fun

me
21 9 R ng R Wall

organomercuryeong

PI
R Ce Pb Na
q
R
f R
R

Tetra alkyllead

Tetraethyllead TEL

inbeadedped
 Mischa
Aza t g k uz uz

modified tagline

g at
wet to a on Ral
p
R Is
b
Mii
to
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
ant Hon 146
 Dihalid
gem Vic
K 59
X X

Pye
É ÉÉ E
II x2
X G B

1
t I

K
x2 stable Aldehyde

sua Etienne.ae Ent

 RX t Nan R CN x
Fen

KI IE E

t
on

1 Men
i

na EEE x

R CN IE R É Nz Esr Ion
NY
NH

Ion
X É poor
Acooly gemdicarboxylic

IDD
t.tt
 ARYLHALIDEL
I
III I
ft III
69m p
reactivity I II E
cat
NE
if
iii
I
om.mn

qifE
orientation olpdirecting
decided
by the stability of

e
aqg É
 enemitassible

w y stunt

ti

IF
GH X GHgX t

4
47
1

É it
É
101 É III'd
Cl
y
64696
and's
666
Cadicaladdition one of isomer gammaYEside FIFI
É he Is

If

th air

o
mmesolute
 É NE

EAD AND
b is
If Et É É
E Benjie
f if ni
I t
if R

EE
Lost I mixed an'd
my

sina.I.int
of directing
EAST
É
I
iii

É I
man

É Ii É If
Thies
products

V1 K B Ty

theffect
 Aisa
Benzynemedani

É iÉ
É
É n of CÉ
fats
l
ammo
attackedby Ni

1,9yd very poor overlap

b
both the carbons
é deficient
incomplete
octet
try to gain é froe nicht
It If
É II

II
major

Benzyneteactiity modified by Inductive

1 effects ineffective
IIdo IF II ng
if

1 Iii.in I.y
1

III wat

Ya ÉmÉÉm
y
Better is
 zooath
Gfk on Dow's

É Egg Jaws
nE IÉ

n a

am
we
ight
lwataNOz
just io

NOz

qÉ
orgs É ath i
not a
Nong
NOz

I.geghggI mind
verystablecarbanion
stepirds generationof carbanion

rate I 7 Cl Br I

it

mitis
8SRTE-A01-2022-ArylHalides_Supplement

Sandmeyer-Reaction
8SRTE-A01-2022-ArylHalides_Supplement

Sandmeyer Like Reaction

SET = single electron transfer

8SRTE-A01-2022-ArylHalides_Supplement

Balz–Schiemann Reaction
8SRTE-A01-2022-ArylHalides_Supplement

Ullmann Reaction
8SRTE-A01-2022-ArylHalides_Supplement

Reactions to Know in conjuction with Sandmeyer Reaction:

 Not formedinthe

station
Chloroform Bromoform Iodoform
Gigging
Yulesssweetsmelling Yellow solid
insoluble in alcohols
volatile liquids
k tho
b
Yellowppt

Basis of iodoform test

nhalofumtestmqmk.FI
oxidif f.x rots
chy t ch f club the
Reduction Tetrahalides
rediff of
Cay n
É chug tha

Newest
rosol
apiece
1 4T Us
a
 manufack
Haloform Reaction
CBchzon I K

CHcocky Xz or Ctx toy do

of Chtzorchy

TotalIIHasef tone

a
substitution
j Agf
T codecs y i
Coey
a

it Out a
Coetzee touch cocky

E
n
CBcocky 32 4NaOH
chg t azcoong 3rad th
nucleophilic

Why tBase
9 azo
carbanion
t ko

t.in enolate stable

Inside qq.gs Ign to

cc

Aztlan É a a
cith

1,9
after

a a
It
moreacidic

I
O

Iq a a
u
in
it is ta ie halocarbonyl
Itri

Jia
tea
tM
T.TT 5ndd d Egm
Nightwish

ctfu Timinath Ion

Golden RuleNo 3 gin

OH

on I
I
 nite Ion
Icy i
Nu substitution width
th

Ion t
icy ko t cry
Haloffy

hook
city
t Bra tacoma t Cabra
aby 120

CMX ok
th t Kon KI tho
Iz only t
port
t

I
 Fax
ingened

CBI Ic
f Isis
Cacontz Bacon

XatBased Haloform

time Li
20
stericeowding
I hypohalie.no

f.jg
alicyclic
aromatic Bleachingpowder

to vinylic caouz
I
allylic at Cq

Ayo T.to
dX2
on

U Belia 1f
mildoxidant

1 Alcohols Aldehydes

20 ketones
i I I I
s IR t IR

Thafoentestiby
Ethanol Propan 2

ofBgutan
see Alkan sols
BIH Lfo

IR
CHCHO

us É melettalisorop gdowexyl Phenyl

d
f
7
t
B.ly
tooskw steric crowding Acetophenone

phony

Diketons
Idi Fe ency
Lori142
 ignites ios
fluid
no't
t 4
on
Hii
toting
Ip It

phenolicc.my
1
Resorcinol
2 Ito
not on od I

i for for for

TMO CBI agents

cyclo or cychlontz
chloral chloralhydrate
 componndswhichdmotf.li

azaz In az ex In

ans't
louffluland
atomwith lone pair

Ein
less acidic than ketone

Destabilizingdifficult
 CBIon Moon Ryrunic

OH
JO
Coon Lackland

Tatami
CBetzon KI Car
I k I

cathode

KIX Eth

o
Is Tteton
Propet
Hypothetical
Hydrolysis

of
Chey t
Flon
Unstable

to 4
who th n I on

cry of in
couth
Phosgene Poisonous

Clichy Got
in body

Langat
whitey
coupling

zag fay Agut UM

 Electrophilic substitution of
una

43041
II

it

chloretone

reterinaryhypnotif

Has tN

2mn03 NOI HEI NE ko N

C
It 02 Cbc Naz

a
chloropicrin

lacrymatinggent

wages
 t t
d Carbylamine
reaction
Reimer Tiemann f
t Testof famine
halofoem

É b
Y salicyldehyde

Prodigy
isocyanide

city t ka tho
Pungent smell

bei
taz
dichloro carbene
singlet obend

it
enolate
tonics
carbanion
y
i
IIE z 111 492 51 4

in Ifan y
 Azaz I 93
2

carbylanffisoyanides

Rnk RNC Kato

iamine
qty secy
H
R mirin R ng E

H
120
I
nd
R
ke Tabene
R
Eg
Ma
 I

R if a
Ts
R NEE R N C
Tauber
Ti

isoyan

c c

I l

for for
RNE c
 Ruf
Satd Unsaid Aromatic

MY
cBMgX Uz oh cymar of
CRICH Myx

CE MgX

Rex my Rting X

IR

c c

n f
New c c band
formation

RX Mg RHgX
b
No other functional groups be present
might be attacked by RingX
 gh

DiGeigned

Cl ma im
X

pig
t
A

4
Ma A

7
a a 1 ma

zazI
1 Y moggggyteflt.me
X X
I uz CB
 Gigned
nucleophilic
if
Addict
1
Musatd
r x prep
Action
If
Polarabonds
nonfat
f it
to
I
0 0

of
methods
kadidwiis

prepn.ofallcanesfRMgxE.i
Tiny
and
Eat
IR
bf.mg oHX4HoH
fringy

qq.pt s
I ocorm
EI
Rjmgx 0 0 4s R gro mgx
Didactical

fr Mgx

2 R o Myx
from
2 ROH t 2mg

I Ring
In Mr

n't IF
pg i

I
cry I
azim 20

cry az Mhc 30

Et
asia It as
II
and
acidchloride
calling
ester
ÉtmgBr
OH

CB Et rigHoH

Talcott

cocky
II tazcoath g

17min76 X

Galtermann

I D8 IWtothetMC I Kochdehydgnetwest

Adi
 t.a.tt
n
7c

f can I
fig
Ray Imig f 11011

H Yanam CBI y tM

EtR

az fgggciz kn.mgBo
leftover

altgffe.mx
g E n n ez E 80

ILK
Et

o
2nd
gift
me

I
me
É
and D EE as
I excessofnay

fifty
no