ALGEBRA

Rules of Exponents
Am an aim ins
-

{
•
* =

product Rule
"
•
am 10M =
( ab )
m

Azn
'm -
n ,
a

{
• =

Quotient Rue
m m

(F) =

of
(ax to)m= am Gm

{
•

Power Rule •
( amy = aim's

'
mean
i
-

• -

Negative Exponent { • a- =
Tm

AO
{ 1
=
Zero Rule •

Quadratic Formula
* the solutions of ax 't 0×+0=0 , at O

lot 102 Gao

-

X
-

2a

logarithmic Rules

{
•
h ( XY ) = hlx ) th Cy)
Product Rule
logo IX. y ) logo htt logo ly )
-

Quotient Rule
{ logoff ) . -

logo ( x ) logo ly )
-

log , logo (x )
{
• =
m

Power Rule
.
lncxmj =
mln ( x )

nth Root Rule

{ •
logy (mix) =
Em logo ( x)
Remainder Theorem

PLX ) RIX )
=aCxi-
X-p x -
r

METHOD synthetic Division

:

* If "X=a"
"

isa zero,
"

X -
a is a root

* If possible, make leading coefficient at

[
Dividend Divisor
2x I
Remainder if 3×5-5×3 -14×2+2×-7 by
-

b.

stet
To simplify ,
divide dividend and divisor 092

= -3×5+1×4 - 5×3+1×2 -13×-1

2 2 2 2 2 2

=
-3×5+0×4 -3×3+2×2 -11×-1
2 2 2

steps Division
Apply synthetic
2X=I or X -
Yz
Leading coefficients
312 O 5/2 2 1 -712
Yz ~
-

add
314 318 -1746 15/32 47/64

4jIo%i!!
I
1
point
3④m" 314
-

=
-

Moo 1546 47/32 of 1st Depressed equation

( if 12=0)

* If remainder is not O, the root is not a solution

steps finalize
Remainder
r
The remainder is

642×-1 N Divisor

METHOD :
shortcut

With 3×5 5×44×42×-7

-
the dividend &lNith2x lasa divisor -

stet
find the roots of the divisor

X=Y2
stem
Input the rootffaotorintothedixidendtoseeifitisa
mum
zero
mum

=3
LIT 5143+4135+2421-7
-

Remainder
= ~

64
 Decomposition to partial fractions substitution
METHOD :

* Is the process of breaking down a single

H 3X
complex fraction into multiple smaller fractions 1C
-

Roots of Denominator 42+2×-3

if Denominator Numerator

linear constant
stem
simplify the denominator
X -
I A
11 3X A
+1×73
-

Quadratic Linear "

Ktx -1C AXTB ( X 1) (x -13 )

-
(X -

l) )

cubic Quadratic
2
x' txtxto Ax4Bxtc
step
Factor the expression
Residue Method
. . g

[ 1,3¥ -4×7541×-111*31
& O

'
.
.

" ,
-

" Ii ,
* The numerator should be 10
less than the given denominator
11 -

3x=ALXt3)tB( X-D
Methods
Factoring steps
solve for AGB by utilizing the rootsHeros
A. Removing a common Monomial
le . actbc
@ X=1 -
. . .
A- 2
-

date) 13=-5
@ X. =-3 . . .

B. -

Grouping Terms
le .
axtbx -

ay
-

by METHOD comparison of
: coefficients
n
Hatto ) ylatb) -

* If denominator is repeated ( AXHO )

( X y )( at b)
-

* When roots yield undefined solutions

C. Non -
Perfect Trinomial
ie axztbxtc "
.

1C X -13×-2
X4IaxtaE=HtAHxtB)
.

( Htt )
* Wherein the product of ARB is 4A
andthesumisbla steel factor the expression

]
* If att multiply avvithcandfinditsfactors

[
X " -13×-2 AXTB
The sum which equals b , can replace the middle term ( bx)
CXTD
+
Ext F
×(×zµg3
2-1113=1×411+2+15
,
xzti )

D. Creating a Perfect square

[a' Naoto] -

Zac -10 X -13×-2

" -
( Axt B) ( x4D4KXtD)(X4DtfEXtF)

E. Utilizing special products

steel
Multiply unknowns into adjacent polynomials
( Xtacxtb)=X2t( at b) xxlaxb)
-13×-2=1+1×42×411 ) -1131×4+2×41)tC(X3tX)tD(X2tl)tEfX)tF
't
X
'
* use factor trees
( Xty )2=x2±2xy +
y

( XIY )3=X3±3x2yt3Xy2±y3
left equals that of the right
( axtbykoxtdys-cagx.tcad-iodxy.ie#ysteP3C0efticientofXn0Athe
( x y )lxtyI=x2 y TEA 91 "B@oI2A+c@oE2B+D@3¥atctE@¥BtDtF
'
-
-

'

( x g) ( x2txyty2)=X3 y
-
-

0=0 -2=17 3=E 4=F

( Xty )(x2-Xyty7=X3ty3
Binomial Theorem
"

Given Catto ) and the

,
term is needed

" "

lice ]cai" ios

"

.mn
ie .
Determine the 5th term of the expansion (2x -13g)

!
* Note that nCn=
n

micro !
stet
Define the variables
(n -

a- +2X

* If middle term is to be determined 6=+39

n - 12
D= must bear even number
1=5

rmid -

12+1 stem
Input into the formula

2×1813914=10264320×894
=I2C4](

a m

"

ie.lk/hatisthecoefficientofthetermcontainingX
in the expression ( x 2g ) " -

step '
Define the variables
A- TX

10=-29
n = 10

r= ?
steps
utilize the formula

* since we know the nth term includes X "

" -
" '

(x) =×4

•
: r -
7th term

Input
step 's
into the formula

=LToc6](xl%2yjb
'
= 13440×4 y
em
Sum of coefficients
Given HH le . Find the sum of coefficients in the
Soo HD Ho)

2×+2131×+114=(1241-1251[12101-121310-1114]
1-1 14)
-

-
-

expansion (

500=1,016
run

Proportion and Variation

ie .

Directly Proportional yax

menlaidoff 172mm left

1128
thus ,y=kx 300 men
,

bmonths 2months
Joint variation yxxz
¥1,000,000 budget ?
thus , y=kXZ

Define the
relationships
stet
Inversely Proportional yax

thus,y=k¥ Bomer

Ba months
combined variation
yxx÷
thus
stem solve for constant ( K )
,y=k .

10

1000000=14300 Menkbmohths)
14=5000/9
steps
solve for the budget
13=1581)(l72menK2months)
= # 191,111.11
Tu r n
Arithmetic Progression
* When there is a common difference (d)
between the terms

ie . 6,12 , 18,24 , . .
.

,
60

-16 +6 -16 thus,d=6

The nth term ,

an -_ as + ( n 1) d -

fries: orate :i¥e:o . .

Summation of n terms Sn
f- ( a. tan )
-

* Provided that the first & last terms are given

aswell as the number of terms ( n )

mhm
CAL TEQ

} )
:
-

steps on calculator mode -73-72

÷hi : :&: mento

steps
on calculator shift -71-75-75

nthxy-ansx e.it/*NOte:Bisthedistanoeld )
I Atdisthefirsttermlai) )
Mmm
 Geometric Progression
* When there is a common ratio (r )
between the terms

ie 481632 4096
1×2
.

/ ) ) j . .
-

X2 X2
thus,r=2

The nth term , xrm- under s s

first common
term ratio

summation of n terms
,
Sn -

- aid -

rn)

(I -
r)

* Provided that the first & last terms are given

aswell as the number of terms (n )

mhm
CAL TEQ

{ )
:
-

steel on calculator mode -73-76

:&
÷ It ::*
.to

steps
on calculator shift -71-75-75

nthxy-ansxxe.it/
* Note
:B is the ratio

I Axristhefirsttermca ) . )
Mmm

A'
Infinite Geometric Progression ,
Sn=
(I -

r)
Word Problems