EXERCISE-2: CALIBRATION FOR EDMI (LAB REPORT)

Name(Roll)

ABSTRACT:

This report contains a brief explanation for the laboratory exercise calibration for EDMI.

1. INTRODUCTION:

Electronic distance measurement (EDM) is a method of determining the

length between two points using phase changes occurring due to
travelling of electromagnetic energy waves from one end of the line to
the other end. EDM equipments provide dependably accurate distance Figure 1
measurements displayed on an easy-to-read digital screen.

2. OBJECTIVE: 3.2 Reflector-instrument constant:

 Divide suitable distance D into n number of segments(as shown
To determine the cyclic error curve, reflector-instrument error and scale in figure 2).
error for given EDMI.  Use the same set of EDMI & reflector set for entire set of
measurements
3. THEORY:  Measure length of line (D) using EDMI and length of each of n
segments ( , , , ....)
Calibration of EDM instrument is necessary to avoid different errors ∑
 Reflector constant can be calculated by the formula: =
caused by manufacturer, weather or different causes. ( )
We need to calibrate three type of errors. This will require accurate
measurement of distances using tape on a flat ground and comparison of
the same with EDMI measured distances. Using these, one can estimate Figure 2
various calibration errors/correction. The corrections can be made by
following steps for - 3.3 Scale error:
If we know the length of a "calibrated line", scale error can be
found out. If the known distance, , is measured as then the
3.1 Nonlinearity/Cyclic Error: scale error can be calculated by the formula:
Assume the basic measuring unit as 10m (effective wavelength=
Scale error (in ppm) = × 10" = n ppm; Corrected
ƛ/2).
 Set up instrument at A. distance = +#×
 Divide the 30 m line from A into 2 segments of 20 m (say, it
could be any other distance as well i.e. 100 m, 150 m, etc.) 4. Equipments needed:
and 10 m.
 Divide the last 10 m into 10 parts each of 1 m(as shown in EDMI, tape, reflector, tripod, staff
figure 1). Measure each part carefully using the tape ( )
as well as the EDMI ( ). Note that is to be measured 5. Precautions:
from EDMI position A(corrections for atmosphere
conditions are entered in the instruments and these
distances are reduced to horizontal).
 Carefully measure with EDM (say 20.000 m).
 The error is calculated by formula
= −( +∑ )
 The correction is given as
∑ ∑
= − + ; where indicates the
average error (and is added simply to translate the origin
at the average of errors).
 Prepare x-y plot of these corrections, on x axis distances 1, 2,
3, ------ 10 and on y axis corresponding corrections ( ) and
use these to get corresponding correction for a measured
distance.
Follow the steps as suggested to you. Any other operation or = −( + ∑ ) = 21.013 – 21 = 0.013;
∑
mishandling of the instrument may lead to malfunction of very =− + = -0.013 + (0.013 + 0.008)/10 = -0.0109
expensive instrument.
∑$%
Station EDMI dist. *+ + ∑'% $% = *% − (*+ + ∑'% ) ,% = −$% +
Taped dist. '% (m) -+
*% (m) (m) (m) (m)
6. Procedure:
0 - 20.008 20 0.008 -0.0072
6.1 Setting up the instrument: 1 1.000 21.013 21 0.013 -0.0109
 Mount the instrument over the tripod and approximately level 2 1.000 22.010 22 0.010 -0.0069
the setup. 3 1.000 23.008 23 0.008 -0.0041
 Carryout the leveling process as described below:
a) Centre the circular bubble by using two leveling 4 1.000 24.011 24 0.011 -0.006
screws at a time. Both screws should be rotated 5 1.000 25.015 25 0.015 -0.0085
either inwards or outwards at a time.
6 1.000 26.013 26 0.013 -0.0052
b) Then keep the instrument approximately
perpendicular to the previous position and use the 7 1.000 27.009 27 0.009 -0.0003
other leveling screw to centre the bubble. Now the 8 1.000 28.015 28 0.015 -0.0048
leveling operation is complete.
c) Repeat operation (a) and (b), if required. 9 1.000 29.008 29 0.008 0.003
10 1.000 30.011 30
0.011 0.0011
 Connect batteries to the instrument as instructed and press the Average error
POWER (PWR) switch on the instrument tostart functioning. ($./0 ) = 0.011
 Carry out finer leveling of the instrument with the help of Data for other stations can be similarly calculated.
electronic level appearing in computer display by using the ∑$%
principle of "three leveling screws". Average error= ; where N = number of measurement.
&
 Press ENTER to initialize the instrument. It will settle itself to
P0 MODE. 7.2 Reflector-instrument :
 Some entries related to pressure, temperature, etc. will be
SEGMENT
required. Enter appropriate values. EDMI
STATION LENGTH '%
 Sight the instrument approximately in North direction and enter READING (m)
(m)
the HA reference 0° 0' 0". Press ENTER.
 Measure Instrument height with the help of measuring tape 0 3.003 -
provided by Trimble and press F3. It will prompt to enter the 1 4.003 1
instrument height (Ih). Type the height, for example Ih = 1.434 2 5.005 1.002
and press ENTER. 3 6.008 1.003
 Note the reflector height (SH) from graduations on it. Press F6; 4 7.006 0.998
it will prompt for signal height (SH). Enter the signal height, 5 8.003 0.997
for example SH= 1.50 and press ENTER. 6 9.007 1.004
 Sight the target/reflector and by pressing AIM button, measure 7 10.004 0.997
Horizontal distance (HD), Vertical distance (VD), Sloping 8 11.007 1.003
distance (SD), Northing, Easting, etc. Ignore Northing, Easting 9 12.003 0.996
for this experiment. 10 13.008 1.005
∑ = 10.005
6.2 Principle of Error Determination:
This will require accurate measurement of distances using tape on a ∑ . )
Reflector Constant (K) = =
flat ground and comparison of the same with EDMI measured ( ) ( )

distances. Using these, one can estimate various calibration errors/  K = -0.0005 m
correction. The order of corrections is as follows: cyclic, reflector- 7.3 Scale error:
instrument constant, scale. Scale error (in ppm) = × 10"
. )
 n= × 10" = -0.0005ppm;
7. Observations and Calculation:
7.1 Nonlinearity/Cyclic Error:
For station 1,
= 21.013;
8. CONCLUSION:
+ ∑ = 20 + 1 = 21;