Tourism natural resources

Tourism Geography.

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 LEARNING OUTCOME

• Describe the physical tourist attractions

• IDENTIFY THE CONCEPT OF around the world
TOURISM NATURAL RESOURCES • Natural landscape
• Describe the characteristics of • Hills and mountains
tourism natural resources: • Plateau
• Tangible features • Deserts and valleys
• Multiple use of tourism • Islands and beaches
resources • Seas and oceans
• Perishable features • Rivers and lakes
• Describe the methods used to classify and
evaluate the resources for tourism
• Recognize the main factors favoring the
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development of tourist resources
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Definition of Tourist Attraction
 A physical or cultural feature of a particular place that
individual travellers or tourists perceive as capable of
meeting one or more of their specific leisure-related
needs.
 Such features may be ambient in nature (e.g.. climate,
culture, vegetation or scenery), or they may be specific to a
location, such as a theatre performance, a museum or a
waterfall.
(Dictionary of Travel & Tourism Hospitality Terms (Robert
Harris & Joy Howard, Melbourne, Hospitality Press, 1996)
 CHARASTERISTICS OF
TOURISM NATURAL RESOUCE

TANGIBLE MULTIPLE PERISHABLE

USER

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TANGIBLE

▸ “
The concept of tourism resources is normally taken to refer to
tangible objects that considered of economic value to the
tourism sector. The sector, and indeed the tourist, therefore has to
recognize that a place, landscape or natural feature is of value
before it can become a tourism resource.
▸ For example, when you have a picnic at the waterfall, you can see
the waterfall, you can touch it and you can experience the
waterfall, that’s what we call tangible.

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 “
MULTIPLE
USER
▸ Tourism resources themselves are often not used solely by
tourists. Apart from resort areas or theme parks where tourism is
the dominant use of land, tourism shares use with agriculture,
forestry, water management or residents using local services.
Tourism is a significant land use but rarely the dominant one, and
this can lead to conflict. Tourism, as a latecomer, is ‘fitted in’ with
other uses of land. This is known as multiple use, and needs skillful
management and coordination of users to be successful.

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PERISHABLE

“
▸ Tourism resources are perishable. Not only are they vulnerable to
alteration and destruction by tourist pressure but, in common
with many service industries, tourism resources are also
perishable in another sense.
▸ Tourist services such as beds in accommodation, or ride seats in
theme parks are impossible to stock and have to be consumed
when and where they exist. Unused tourism resources cannot be
stored and will perish, hence the development of yield
management systems to maximize the consumption of resources.
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 Classification of
resources for
tourism
Attractions are the raison d’être for tourism; they generate the visit,
give rise to excursion circuits and create an industry of their own.

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 Classification of resources for tourism
Swarbrooke(1995) has classified attractions into four main categories,

Natural Special Event

Man-made but Man-made and

not originally purpose-built to
designed to attract tourists
attract tourists
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Natural Attraction

▸ natural – including
beaches, caves, scenic
features and wildlife

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SPECIAL EVENT

▸ special events – these ‘event attractions’ differ

from the others, which are ‘site attractions’, in
that they occur only periodically and in some
cases, change venues.
▸ The latter category includes sporting events,
such as the football World Cup and the Olympic
Games.
▸ These present unique opportunities to promote
the host country and have a spin-off effect
encouraging other attractions nearby.
▸ Other event attractions include for example,
markets, festivals, folklore events, ceremonies,
pageantry and religious processions
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MAN MADE ATTRACTIONS

▸ man-made but not originally designed to

attract tourists – such as historic houses,
castles and cathedrals

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MAN MADE ATTRACTIONS

▸ man-made and purpose-built to attract

tourists – includes museums, art galleries,
exhibition centres, casinos and a growing range
of leisure attractions for a ‘day out’ such as
theme parks and water parks

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 Natural Hill and
Plateau
Landscape Mountains

TYPE OF
NATURAL
RESOURCES Dessert Island and Sea and
Oceans
and Valley Beaches

Rivers and
Lakes
 Natural Landscape
Natural
Landscape

Natural landscape is something that is

built naturally and not by human. a
natural landscape is one that is
unaffected by human activity. A
natural landscape is intact when all
living and non-living elements are free
to move and change.

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 Hill and Mountains
Hill and
Mountains

▸ There are differences between hills

and mountains.
▸ Mountains are generally steeper
than a hill. A mountain is a large
landform that stretches above the
surrounding land in a limited area
usually in the form of a peak.

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Hill and Mountains
Hill and
Mountains

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 PLATEAU
Plateau

▸ A plateau is a flat-topped table land.

▸ Plateaus occur in every continent and take up
a third of the Earths land.
▸ They are one of the four major landforms,
along with mountains, plains, and hills.
▸ Plateaus, like mountains may be young or
old. The Deccan plateau in India is one of
the oldest plateaus.

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Major plateaus of the World

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 List of plateau in the world
Name of Plateau Location Characteristics

Tibetan Plateau Central Asia 1. Popularly known as "the Roof of the World"
2. The largest plateau in the world is known as the Tibetan Plateau (also known as the Qinghai–
Tibet Plateau or the Himalayan Plateau).
3. The Tibetan Plateau is located in central Asia and covers all the way to East Asia. Surrounded
by imposing mountain ranges that harbour the world's two highest mountain peak i.e. Mount
Everest and K2
4. Formed due to the collision of the Indo-Australian and Eurasian tectonic plates
Deosai Plateau Northern 1. Second Largest Plateau is Deoasai Plains at an average elevation of 4,114 m (13,497 ft).
Pakistan 2. It is located in the Astore and Skardu districts of Gilgit-Baltistan, in northern Pakistan

Colorado Plateau South-western 1. Bounded by the Rocky Mountains from north and east, in the west by the Great Basin,
part of USA and from the south by the Sonoran Desert.
Deccan Plateau India 1. The Deccan plateau is the oldest plateau in India.
2. Located between Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats
3. It is volcanic basalt beds of the Deccan which were laid down by the massive Deccan
Trap eruption.
Kimberley Australia 1. Formed by the volcanic eruption
Plateau 2. Mineral deposits, including kimberlite (diamond-bearing rock) and traces of oil.

More info!!: https://m.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/major-plateaus-of-the-world-1520945604-1

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 Desert and Valley
Dessert
and Valley

▸ A desert is a very dry area.

▸ An average annual precipitation of
less than 250 millimetres (10 in) per
year.

Gobi Desert, Mongolia

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 List of Desert
Dessert
and Valley
Name of Desert Location Characteristics

Antarctic Desert South Pole the largest desert in the world with 5,500,000 Square Miles.
it is the driest, windiest, and coldest continent on earth. It also has the highest
average elevation on earth compared to any other continent.

Arctic Desert The desert partially occupies
parts of territories claimed or
controlled by Canada,
Denmark, Norway, Russia,
Sweden, and the United States.
The Arctic Desert is the second largest desert in the world with 5,400,000 Square
Miles
winter temperatures dip to -40 degrees Celsius or below. The desert is
characterized by high winds that stir up snow, which creates an illusion of persistent
and continuous snowfall.

Sahara Desert North Africa The Sahara Desert is the third-largest desert in the world, and the world's largest
“hot desert.” It occupies a surface area of about 3.3 million square miles.
Most of the desert is a barren rocky landscape. The central part of the Sahara is
“hyper-arid,” which means that there is no vegetation growing in this area. Most of
the rivers in the Sahara Desert are intermittent or seasonal.

More info!!: https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-largest-deserts-in-the-world.html

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 Dessert and Valley
Dessert
and Valley

▸ Valley is a low area of land between

hills or mountains, typically with a
river or stream flowing through it

Himalaya Valley

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The Most Beautiful Valleys In The World
Name and the location on valley
Lauterbrunnen (Switzerland)
Romsdalen (Norway)
Valley of the Ten Peaks (Canada)
Lötschental (Switzerland)
Dessert
and Valley
Characteristic
Deep within the Alps, there are few valleys on Earth that can
compare with the majestic beauty of Lauterbrunnen.
The foreboding walls of this valley are a rock climbers dream.
Valley of the Ten Peaks is a valley in Banff National Park in Alberta,
Canada, which is crowned by ten notable peaks and also includes
Moraine Lake. The valley can be reached by following the Moraine
Lake road near Lake Louise
The Lötschental is the largest valley on the northern side of the
Rhône valley in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It lies in the
Bernese Alps, with the Lonza running down the length of the valley
from its source within the Langgletscher
More info!!: https://list25.com/25-of-the-most-beautiful-valleys-in-the-world/
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 Island and Beaches
Island and
Beaches

▸ An island or isle is any piece of sub continental

land that is surrounded by water.
▸ While beaches are a pebbly or sandy shore,
especially, by the ocean between high and low
water marks.

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Island and Beaches
Island and
Beaches

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 Sea and Oceans
Sea and
Oceans

▸ In terms of geography, seas are

smaller than oceans and are
usually located where the land
and ocean meet.
▸ Typically, seas are partially
enclosed by land. Seas are found
on the margins of the ocean and
are partially enclosed by land.
▸ Bering Sea is part of the Pacific
Ocean

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 Sea and Oceans
Sea and
Oceans

Check here to see the different between sea and ocean

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https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-the-difference-between-an-ocean-and-a-sea.htm
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 Sea and Oceans
Sea and
Oceans

Check here to see the different between sea and ocean

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https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-the-difference-between-an-ocean-and-a-sea.html
 LIST OF SEAS IN THE WORLD
Average Greatest known Place of
Area depth depth greatest known
Name sq. mi. sq. km ft. m ft. m depth
Mediterranean Sea2 1,144,800 2,965,800 4,688 1,429 15,197 4,632 Off Cape Matapan,
Greece
Caribbean Sea 1,049,500 2,718,200 8,685 2,647 22,788 6,946 Off Cayman Islands
South China Sea 895,400 2,319,000 5,419 1,652 16,456 5,016 West of Luzon
Bering Sea 884,900 2,291,900 5,075 1,547 15,659 4,773 Off Buldir Island
Gulf of Mexico 615,000 1,592,800 4,874 1,486 12,425 3,787 Sigsbee Deep
Okhotsk Sea 613,800 1,589,700 2,749 838 12,001 3,658 146°10'E; 46°50'N
East China Sea 482,300 1,249,200 617 188 9,126 2,782 25°16'N; 125°E
Hudson Bay 475,800 1,232,300 420 128 600 183 Near entrance
Japan Sea 389,100 1,007,800 4,429 1,350 12,276 3,742 Central Basin
Andaman Sea 308,000 797,700 2,854 870 12,392 3,777 Off Car Nicobar
Island
North Sea 222,100 575,200 308 94 2,165 660 Skagerrak
Red Sea 169,100 438,000 1,611 491 7,254 2,211 Off Port Sudan
Baltic Sea 163,000 422,200 180 55 1,380 421 Off Gotland

More info: https://www.infoplease.com/world/world-geography/oceans-and-seas

31 https://www.thoughtco.com/largest-seas-on-earth-4164135
32 https://www.mapsofindia.com/worldmap/ocean.html
 LIST OF OCEAN IN THE WORLD

Average Greatest known Place of

Area depth depth greatest known
Name sq. mi. sq. km ft. m ft. m depth
Pacific Ocean 60,060,700 155,557,000 13,215 4,028 36,198 11,033 Mariana Trench

Atlantic Ocean 29,637,900 76,762,000 12,880 3,926 30,246 9,219 Puerto Rico
Trench
Indian Ocean 26,469,500 68,556,000 13,002 3,963 24,460 7,455 Sunda Trench

Southern 7,848,300 20,327,000 13,100–16,400 4,000–5,000 23,736 7,235 South Sandwich

Ocean1 Trench
Arctic Ocean 5,427,000 14,056,000 3,953 1,205 18,456 5,625 77°45'N; 175°W

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34 https://www.mapsofindia.com/worldmap/ocean.html
 Rivers and Lakes
Rivers and
Lakes

▸ A river is a large natural stream

of water flowing in a channel to
the sea, a lake, or another such
stream.

▸ A lake is a body of relatively still fresh

or salt water of considerable size,
localized in a basin that is surrounded
by land
▸ More about lakes: https://greenglobaltravel.com/largest-lakes-in-the-world/
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 Island and Beaches

▸ Plateau or known as tableland is an

area of highland.
▸ Plateau is an area of highland,
usually consisting of relatively flat
terrain.

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methods used to classify and evaluate the
resources for tourism
World Scale

National Scale

Local Scale

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Tourism Resources at the World Scale

▸ Physical features
○ Mountains
○ More gently slopping hill lands
○ Elevated plateaus
(land above surface)
○ Lowland plains

▸ Cultural features
○ Cultural differences across the world in terms of language, art,
festivals, folklore, handicrafts, food, music and the way of life of
different peoples
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Tourist Resources at the National Scale

▸ Classification of resources for tourism

○ Natural
○ Human-made
○ Human-made and purpose-built
○ Special events

▸ A broader view of the tourism resource base

○ User-oriented areas of highly intensive development close to population
centers
○ Resource-based areas where the type of resource determines the use of
the area
○ An intermediate category, where access is the determining factor

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 Continued..

▸ Evaluation of resources for tourism

○ Measurement of the suitability of the resource base to support
different forms of tourism.
○ Problem- to include the varied requirements of different users.

▸ The tourism product

○ Attractions, accessibility, amenities and ancillary services,
combined to provide tourism product.

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Tourist Resources at the Local Scale

▸ Private sector (banks)

▸ Public sector
○ Central government
○ State-funded organization
▸ Voluntary sector
-non profit making organizations (initiative)
▸ Local community

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the development of tourist resources

The tourist area life cycle

43 Source: Butler, 1980
 EXPLORATION

•Very few tourists or facilities

•Undeveloped
•Adventure tourism
•Lots of interaction with locals
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 involvement

•Tourist numbers increase

•Local people start to
become involved in tourism

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DEVELOPMENT

•Numbers of tourists increase rapidly

•Large hotel chains build up to date facilities
•Locals go out of business
•Package holiday
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 CONSOLIDATION

•Maximum number of tourists

•Facilities now starting to
look out of date
•Package holiday

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STAGNATION

•Resort loses popularity

•Tourist numbers decrease
•Some hotels and shops go
out of business
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 REJUVENARION

•Investment in new attractions and

facilities
•Resort might change focus towards
business tourism

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 DECLINE

•No new attractions provided

•Much of the property is up for sale
•Hotels converted into old peoples homes
•Day trips or weekends only
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 Blackpool on the Butler Model
More info: http://www.coolgeography.co.uk/GCSE/AQA/Tourism/UK/Blackpool_Tourism.htm

▸ 1800 = exploration. Only wealthy people

▸ 1846 = involvement. New railway means many people now able
to visit
▸ 1870 = development. Workers get annual holiday. The tower,
promenade, piers, amusement arcades, theatres and music halls
built.
▸ 1918 – 1939 = consolidation. Popularity continued, one of
Europe’s leading resorts
▸ 1960 = decline. Package holidays to Spain now more popular,
few new attractions 51
 Benidorm on the Butler Model
• 1954

▸ 1954 = exploration. Small fishing village but new major has a

plan for development.
▸ 1960 = involvement. Suddenly became very popular with British
tourists because of guaranteed sunshine
▸ 1960’s – 70’s = development. Large hotel chains arrive,
skyscrapers, theme parks, pubs, clubs and restaurants
▸ 1990’s onwards – consolidation. Benidorm remains as popular
as ever. Still attracts maximum numbers of tourists.

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 the development of tourist resources

Exploration Small # of adventurous tourists, un-spoilt nature and cultural features

Involvement Local initiatives provide facilities and advertising ensues. Large # of visitors.
Tourist season & public sector involvement.

Development Large # of visitors. Control passed to national & international companies.

Change in image and overuse may begin.

Consolidation Destination is fully-fledged part of the tourist industry. The rate of increase
of visitors is reducing. Recreational business emerged.

Stagnation Peak visitor number. The destination is unfashionable with environmental,

social and economic problems. Promotional efforts needed.

Decline Visitors visit new places. Destination depends on a smaller geographical

catchments and repeat visit.
Rejuvenation The authorities attempt to “re-launch” the destination by providing new
facilities, attracting new markets and re-investing.

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THANK YOU
Any question..

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