Kinglists Manetho Dynasties More

The Royal titulary

The full titulary was announced at the

coronation, when a pharaoh officially
Also known as: Akhenaten, Akhenaton, Echnaton, Amenophis IV Dynasty XVIII became king.

Amenhotep IV reigned for five years before changing his name to Akhenaten, keeping only
Reign of Amenhotep IV
the throne name of his original titulary. He is especially famed for introducing the worship AE Chronology 1353&1336
of Aten above all other gods, sometimes described as monotheism, which it was not. His von Beckerath 1355&1337
name in the Amarna letters is Nibhururiya, which is the Akkadian renditon of his throne Shaw 1352&1336
name Neferkheperura. Dodson 1360&1343 Horus name
Malek 1353&1337 The oldest form of a pharaoh's name,
Arnold 1364&1348 often enclosed in a serekh, a sort of
Grimal 1352&1338 "heraldic crest" representing a palace
Redford 1372&1355 facade.
Manetho \Josephus) 12y 5m
Manetho \Jerome) 16 years
Highest attestation Year 17

Nebty name
The "Two Ladies", the heraldic
goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet,
representing Upper and Lower Egypt
respectively.
The Royal Titulary
From the hieroglyphic records

Golden Horus name

Gold was strongly associated with
eternity, but the meaning of this title is
disputed.

Throne name
(prenomen) Announced at the
coronation, and written in a cartouche.

Personal name
(nomen) The name given at birth, also
written in a cartouche.

HORUS NAME VARIANT

Kinglists
Ka nakht mery Aten
Turin king list
kꜢ-nḫt mri-itn
223 kings – Dynasty 19
The strong bull, beloved of Aten
E1cD40-(i-t:n:ra):N37 Abydos Canon
After name change 76 kings – Dynasty 19
Davis, The rock tombs of Amarna, VI, plate XXXII
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), III, 107d
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 142i143, 10cH2
Saqqara Canon
58 kings – Dynasty 19

HORUS NAME VARIANT Karnak Canon

61 kings – Dynasty 18

Comparing the canons

Abydos, Saqqara and Karnak
Ka nakht mery Aten
Ramesseum Canon
kꜢ-nḫt mri-itn
Ramesses II Mortuary Temple
The strong bull, beloved of Aten
E1cD40-i-t:n:ra-mr-i-i Medinet Habu Canon
After name change Ramesses III Mortuary Temple
Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), III, 91a
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 142i143, 10cH3

HORUS NAME VARIANT Ancient historians

Herodotus
450 BC & Histories

Ka nakht mery Aten Manetho

250 BC & Aegyptiaca
kꜢ-nḫt mri-itn
The strong bull, beloved of Aten Diodorus
E1cD40-i-t:n:ra-N37 50 BC & Bibliotheca Historica

After name change

Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), III, 107d Josephus
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 142i143, 10cH3 100 CE & Against Apion

HORUS NAME VARIANT

Africanus
220 CE & Chronographai

Eusebius
325 CE & Chronicon

Ka nakht mery Aten

Jerome
kꜢ-nḫt mri-itn 380 CE & Chronicon
Beloved of Aten
Syncellus
E1cD40-i-t:n:ra-mr
800 CE & Egloga Chronographai
After name change
d'Avennes, Monuments \1847k, pl. 13
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 142i143, 10cH2
Eratosthenes
Probably a forgery (date unknown)

Comparing the sources

Transmission of Manetho
by Africanus et. al.

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NEBTY NAME VARIANT

Wer nesyt em Akh et Aten

wr-nsyt-m-Ꜣḫtitn
Great of kingship in Akhetaten
wr:r-sw-t-i-i-Aa15cN27:t*pr-i-t:n:ra

After name change

Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), III, 105c
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 142i143, 10cN2

GOLDEN HORUS NAME VARIANT

Wetjes ren en Aten

wṯz-rn-n-itn
Who has elevated the name of Aten
U39-r:n:V10:n-i-t:n:ra

After name change

Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), III, 105c
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 142i143, 10cG2

THRONE NAME VARIANT

Nefer kheperu Ra, wa en Ra

nfr-ḫprw-rꜤ wꜤ-n-rꜤ
The beautiful one of the manifestations of Ra, the unique one of Ra
ra-nfr-xpr-ra*Z2cT21:n

After name change

Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), III, 105c, 107d
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 142i143, 10cT3

BIRTH NAME VARIANT

Amenhotep, netjer heqa Waset aa em ahauef

imn-ḥtp nṯr ḥḳꜢ wꜢst ꜤꜢ-m-ꜤḥꜤw.f
Amenhotep, the god and ruler of Thebes, great in respect of his lifetime
i-mn:n:Htp-nTr-HqAiR19iO29v-P6-f

Before name change

Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), III, 110d
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 142i143, 10cE1

BIRTH NAME VARIANT

Akh en Aten
Ꜣḫ-n-itn
Living spirit of the Aten
i-t:n:ra-Ax&x:n

After name change

Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849), III, 103
Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999), 142i143, 10cE4

The complete titulary

Sources containing all five names of the royal titulary

Stela of Amenhotep IV at Zarnikh

Before name change. Legrain, Les steles d'Amenothes IV, ASAE 3, 260

Architrave in Ay's tomb at Amarna

After name change. Lepsius, Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien, III, 105b–c

Boundary Stela U

Davies, The rock tombs of el Amarna, V, pl. XXV; Porter & Moss, Topographical Bibliography, IV, 231

Boundary Stela S

Davies, The rock tombs of el Amarna, V, pl. XXVI; Porter & Moss, Topographical Bibliography, IV, 231

The sources of antiquity

From the writings of the historians and scholars of antiquity

Author Greek Transliteration Transcription Reign

Jerome Chenchres 16 years

Bibliography

Beckerath, J. Handbuch der Ägyptischen Königsnamen, MÄS 49 \1999kc 142&143

Baker. D. D. The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I & Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300&1069 BC \London, 2008k, 13&18

Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 18 \1912kc 343&361

Leprohon, R. J. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary \Atlanta, 2013k, 104&105

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