MANUEL V. GALLEGO FOUNDATION COLLEGES INC.

Cabanatuan City
INSTITUTE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
1ST Preliminary Examination
Criminological Research (Crim 417)
Sept. 20, 2021

Name: Vincent N. Talplacido Score:_______________

Blk/Time:_Block B/ 11:00 AM

DIRECTION: Read and analyze thoroughly the given questions/ instructions.

Send your answers in our G.C. (Messenger). Time allotment is only one (1)
hour. Submit your paper at exactly 11:00 a.m.

I. Identify the given terms / statements as defined

Research 1. This term refers a systematic inquiry to describe, explain,

predict and control the observed phenomenon.

Information 2. It locates information on a topic and summarize it, does

Literacy not require to locate facts to support an argument.

Descriptive 3. It focuses on expanding knowledge on current issues

through a process of data collection.

Explanatory 4. A purpose of research, its aim is to conduct and

understand the impact of changes in existing standard
procedures.

Theoretical 5. Also referred to as pure or basic research, focused on

Research generating knowledge, regardless of its practical
application.

Applied 6. This type of research, its goal is to find strategies that can
Research be used to address a specific research problem, draws on
theory to generate practical scientific knowledge.

Exploratory 7. It is used for the preliminary investigation of a subject that

Research is not yet well understood or scientifically researched.

Explanatory 8. It is the common type of research method and is

Research responsible for establishing cause-and-effect relationship
that allow generalizations to be extended to similar
realities.
Qualitative 9. This method of research tends to be subjective, since not
Research all data can be fully controlled, and it is based on
verbal/worded statements.

Quantitative 10 A research study delves into a phenomenon through

Research . numerical data collection.

Correlational 11 This type of research is to identify the relationship between

Studies . two or more variables.

Experimental 12 It is about designing or replicating a phenomenon whose

Research . variables are manipulated under strictly controlled
conditions in order to identify its effect on another object.

Inductive 13 In this type of research, knowledge is generated from an

Research . observation to achieve a generalization.

Deductive 14 In this type of research, reality is explained by general laws

Investigation . that point to certain conclusions.

Diachronic 15 It is the monitoring of the same event, individual or group

Research . over a defined period of time.

Cross- 16 Is used to observe phenomena, an individual or group of

Sectional . research subjects at a given time.
Research

Primary 17 A research type is defined by the fact that the data is

Research . collected directly from the source.

Secondary 18 This type of research is developed with information from

Reasearch . another source.

Documentary 19 Is based on a systematic review of existing sources of

Research . information on a particular subject.\

Laboratory 20 This type of research is carried out in a controlled

Research . environment in order to isolate a dependent variable.
II. ESSAY

1. Name and Discuss the Methods of Data Collection.

Answer: Data collection is the process of gathering data from all relevant
sources in order to solve the research problem, test the hypothesis, and
assess the results. Meanwhile, there are two types of data collection
methods namely: secondary data collection and primary data collection.

Below are the Methods of Data Collection

Interview is a one-on-one chat between two people with the

express intention of gathering pertinent data for a research project.

Questionnaires is the process of gathering data using an

instrument that consists of a sequence of questions and prompts to elicit
a response from the people to whom it is given. Questionnaires are used
to gather information from a group of people.

Observation is a data collection method that uses observation to

gain information about a phenomenon. The observation could be done as
a complete observer, an observer as a participant, a participant as an
observer, or a complete participant, depending on the nature of the
observation.

Focus Group is the data gathering strategy which focuses more on

qualitative research than quantitative research, which involves
numerical-based data. It is classified as primary data because it is based
on the respondents' thoughts and views.

2. Give the difference of Probability Sampling and Non-Probability Sampling

Design.

Answer: the difference between Probability Sampling and Non-Probability

Sampling Design is that Probability Sampling is when everyone in the
population has a possibility of being sampled, and you can calculate how
likely they are to be sampled. Simple Random Sampling, Systematic
Sampling, Stratified Sampling, Probability Proportional to Size Sampling,
and Cluster or Multistage Sampling are all examples of probability
sampling. And they all have these things in common.

On the other hand, Non-Probability Sampling are some of the

population in your sample has been removed, and a precise number
cannot be computed - implying that the amount you can learn about the
 population from the sample is limited. Convenience sampling, quota
sampling, and purposive sampling – or judgment sampling and snowball
sampling – are examples of nonprobability sampling approaches.

3. Describe and Explain Methods of Analyzing Data.

Answer: Cleaning, converting, and modeling data to identify usable
information for commercial decision-making is referred to as data
analysis. Also, data analysis is the process of extracting usable
information from data and making decisions based on that knowledge.

Moreover, when we make a decision in our daily lives, we think about

what happened the last time or what would happen if we make that
particular option. Analyzing our past or future and making judgments
based on it is what this is all about. We do so through recall past events
or dreaming about the future. So, data analysis is all there is to it.

4. Differentiate descriptive research from Inferential Research.

Answer: Descriptive research is a type of research that uses methods to

characterize the features of the variables under investigation. This
approach focuses on answering inquiries about the study subject's
"what" rather than the "why." Instead of concentrating on the "why,"
descriptive research focuses on merely describing the nature of the
demographics being studied. On the other hand, Inferential statistics
compare treatment groups and make generalizations about the greater
population of participants using measures from the sample of patients in
the experiment. Inferential statistics come in a variety of forms, each of
which is appropriate for a given research strategy and sample
characteristics.

5. Give the meaning and importance of research.

Answer: Research is defined as the generation of new concepts,

methodologies, and understandings through the development of new
knowledge and/or the creative application of existing knowledge. The
importance of research is to guide action. As a result, your research
should attempt to place its findings in the perspective of a larger body of
work. In order to develop knowledge that can be applied outside of the
research setting, research must constantly be of high quality. It's a way
to better understand problems and raise public awareness.
GOOD LUCK!

Prepared by:

DR. ROMAN ALARCON PAJARILLAGA

Professor in Research