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Antenna & Propagation: by Nor Hadzfizah Binti Mohd Radi Faculty of Electric & Electronics Engineering
Antenna & Propagation: by Nor Hadzfizah Binti Mohd Radi Faculty of Electric & Electronics Engineering
Antenna & Propagation: by Nor Hadzfizah Binti Mohd Radi Faculty of Electric & Electronics Engineering
http://ocw.ump.edu.my
Introduction
by
Nor Hadzfizah Binti Mohd Radi
Faculty of Electric & Electronics Engineering
hadzfizah@ump.edu.my
Antenna Antenna
Transmitter Receiver
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org
Propagation
designations
Wavelength
Frequency
Frequency
Laser beam
Ultraviolet 1015Hz
10-6m
Infrared
1014Hz
Extra High Satellite-satellite 1G0Hz
Frequency Microwave relay
EHF
Waveguide
1cm
Earth-satellite
Line-of-sight
UHF TV
Very High Mobil and Aeronautical
Frequency
Coaxial Cable
Skywave
High Mobil radio
radio
Frequency CB radio
100m
HF 10MHz
Amateur radio
Medium
Frequency 1MHz
AM broadcasting
1km
MF
Groundwave
Low
Frequency 100kHz
Aeronautical
10km LF
radio
Twisted Pair
Submarine cable
Very Low Navigation
Frequency Transoceanic radio 10kHz
100km
Cable
VLF
Telephone
Audio Telegraph
1kHz
Radio Frequencies Band Names
Wire
Lens Aperture
Types of
Antennas
Reflector Microstrip
Array
Introduction of Antenna & Propagation by
Nor Hadzfizah Mohd Radi
Basic of Wave Propagation
2. Sky-Wave Propagation
• Frequency between 2 MHz and 30 MHz
Reflection
2. Radio Propagation:
physical environment over which radio waves travel
Challenges – multipath, fading, distortion