Work Energy and Power

BBrilliant STUDY CENTRE REPEATERS PHYSICS (ONLINE) -2021
WORK ENERGY POWER
Work is said to be done when point of action of force moves in a direction which is not perpendicular
to the direction of applied force .
Work done by a constant force.
Smooth surface
 Since there is no motion along vertical direction.
 Fsin   N  mg
 Fcos  does work
 W   Fcos   s  Fs cos 
This relation is true only when force remains constant through out the displacement
Work done by a constant force = Component force along the direction of displacement × displacement
1
l
Cos 
s
l  s cos   component of displacement along the direction of force.

w  Fs cos   Fl
Work done by a constant force = magnitude of force × component of displacement along the direction
of force.
rr
w  Fscos   F.S
w is a scalar
SI unit is Nm or Joule
cgs unit is dyne cm or erg
IJ = 107 erg
1 erg = 10–7 J
Constant force is independent of time, displacement and velocity.
W is + ve when 0    90o
Concept of +ve work  If an external agent [The one who applies force] does +ve work on a body then
speed of body will increase
e.g gravitational force does +ve work on a freely falling body.
Concept of –ve work  If an external agent does –ve work on a body then speed of body will decrease.
Work done by the force on the body is zero when force and displacement of the body are perpendicular
to each other.    90
gravitational force does zero work on a body moving in horizontal direction.

If net work done on a body is zero, then speed of the body remains constant.
Imagine a man pushing a block through a rough surface with constant velocity as shown in figure.
2
net force acting on the block is zero, because block is moving with constant velocity.
mg = N
F = fk
W gravitational force = 0 W applied force = + fs
W normal force = 0 W kinetic friction = –f k s
W all forces = + fs - fks =0 hence block moves with constant speed
work done  Area under force  displacement graph
Work done by varying force

Varying force depends up an time, velocity, displacement etc.
A body is displaced from x1 to x2 under the action of a varying force F. But this force is assumed to be
a constant through the small displacement dx. Hence the small work done by the force to displace the
r uur
body through the small displacement ‘dx’ is given by dw  F.dx . Total work done by the varying force
x2
r uur
to displace the body from x1 to x2 is given by w   F. dx
x1
eg  Work done by spring force

If a spring elongated (or compressed) through ‘x’ from its relaxed position then restoring force applied
by the spring is given by F = - Kx  -ve sign shows that restoring force (spring force) is opposite to
displacement.
x x
1 
Wspring force    Kx dx   kx 2 
1
o 2 0
1
Wspring force   Kx 2
2
F1 is the applied force
K is called spring constant
S.I unit of K is N/m [same as that of surface tensions]
Energy is the capacity to do work. Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed. But it can be
converted from one form to another form.
mass - energy relation
If mass is completely converted to energy then E  mc 2
C  velocity of light
SI unit of energy is Joule. Cgs unit is erg.
Commercial unit of electric energy is kilo watt hour.
3
1 erg = 10–7 J
1 Kwh = 3.6 ×106 J
1 electron Volt = 1.6 ×1019 J
1 calorie = 4.2 J
Different forms of energy
Mechanical energy [KE+ PE]
Light energy
Electric energy
Magnetic energy
Electro magnetic energy
Wind energy
Nuclear energy
Chemical energy
Tidal energy etc.
KE  energy due to motion.
m 
1 2 P2
KE  mv  P = mv  Linear momentum
2 2m
Derivation
A body starts from rest and moves through a distance s under the action of a constant force F as
shown in fig. Velocity acquired by the body is v.
W net = change in KE
FS = KE – 0
 v 2  u 2  2as 
 2 
 v  2as 
u=0
KE = FS = mas
2
mv 2  mv 
KE = 
2 2m
4
1 2
KE  mv 2  p 2m
2
KE never becomes –ve
If momentum of a body is increased by n%. Then KE increases by 2n%. [True only when change in
momentum is very very small].
If momentum of a body becomes n times its original value then KE becomes n2 times percentage
change in KE is (n2-1) ×100.
 n 2 KE  KE 
% change in KE    100   n 2  1  100
 KE 
1
Velocity of a moving bullet decreases by of its initial value after penetrating ‘x’ distance to the target.
n
n2x
Then total distance moved by the bullet through the target (before coming to rest) is
2n  1
th
1
Velocity of a moving bullet decreases by of its initial value on passing through a wooden plank. the
n
n2
minimum number of planks required to stop the bullet is
2n  1
n
If n is an even number, then minimum number of planks required is   1
2
th
1
eg: Velocity of a moving bullet decreases by of its initial value on passing through a wooden plank.
10
Find the minimum number of planks required to stop the bullet n = 10  even number , hence
 10 
minimum number of planks required is   1  6
 2
The work required to raise a block of mass m and relative density K from the bottom of a lake to its
 1
surface with constant speed is given by W  mgh 1 
 k 
5
h  depth of the lake
density of body material

relative density  K  
density of water
During explosion internal forces are doing work on the bomb hence internal, energy is converted to
KE.
Dependence of work on frame of reference
Case - 1  lift is moving up with an acceleration and observer is on ground [ground frame].
N
m
mg
Work done by normal force is +ve.

Work done by gravitational force is –ve
Pseudo force = 0
Work done by pseudo force = 0
Case - 2  lift is moving up with an acceleration a and observer is standing inside the lift (lift frame)
N
m
ma
mg
ma  pseudo force
Displacement of block w.r.t
lift is zero hence work done by any force on the block relative to lift frame is zero.
6
Case - 3  lift is moving down with an acceleration a and observer is standing on ground.
m a
mg
Work done by normal force is –ve

Work done by gravitational force is +ve
Work done by pseudo force is zero because pseudo force is zero.
Case 4  lift is moving down with an acceleration a and observer is standing inside the lift .
Displacement of block with respect to lift is zero. Hence work done by any force on the block w.r.t. lift
frame is zero.
ma
a
N
ma is the pseudo force
m
mg
 Work energy theorem is the scalar form of newtons II nd law.
dp mdv  dx  dv 
F F F  m   
dt dt  dt  dx 
dv
F  mv F dx  mvdv
dx
x2 v
 Fdx  m vdv
x1 u
1
W m  v2  u 2 
2
W = change in KE
7
Internal force
 Internal force is due to the interaction between particles with in the system. So action reaction pairs lie
in the system .
r
  int ernal  0
F
 Consider a man jumping from boat in to shore man pushes the boat in back ward direction boat exerts
reaction force on man in forward direction. Boat moves in backward direction and man moves in
forward direction. Work done by action force on the boat is +ve. Work done by reaction force on the
man is also +ve. So total work done by internal force on (man + boat) system is + ve.
 Consider the explosion of a bomb. During explosion internal forces perform + ve work. Hence internal
energy is converted in to KE of fragments.
Total work done by internal tension on system = –Tx + Tx = 0
8
Spring force performes more –ve work on m1 as compared to the + ve work on m2. So total work done
by internal spring force on (m1 + m2) system is –ve.
9
Equilibrium elongation and maximum elongation of a spring.
at equilibrium position . Fnet = 0
Kx o  mg x o  mg
k
block is released from rest when spring is in its natural length. The block crosses equilibrium position
with zero acceleration but with maximum speed. Elongation of spring is maximum when velocity of
block is zero at this position (extreme position) block has maximum acceleration towards equilibrium
position. Apply work energy theorem on the block during its motion from initial position to extreme
position.
Work done by all forces = Change in KE
W gravitational force + W spring force = 0 – 0
1 2
mgx max  kx max 0
2
10
2mg
x max   2x o
k
Separation between extreme position and equilibrium position is called amplitude of oscillation.
A = xmax– xo = 2xo – xo
mg
A  xo 
k
Equilibrium angle and maximum angle made by the string of simple pendulum with vertical. When
pendulum is suspended on the roof of an accelerating train.
m a
+ +
Consider an observer inside the train

Bob crosses equilibrium position with maximum speed ( relative to train) but net force on the bob at
this position (relative to train) is zero
11
Fnet  0
Tsin o  ma
T cos o  mg
tan o  a / g
a  g tan o
0  tan1  a 
 g 
l h
cos max  h  l 1  cos max 
l
      
h  l  2sin 2  max   h   2l sin 2  max 
  2    2 
x    max 
sin max  x  l sin max  2l sin  max  cos  
l  2   2 
Work done by all forces = change in KE
12
1 1
W pseudo force + W gravitational force + W tension = mv2  mu 2
2 2
max - mgh + 0 = 0 – 0
max = mgh
ax = gh
    max    2   max  
a  2l sin  max  cos     g  2l sin  
  2   2    2 
   max 
a cos  max   g sin  
 2   2 
  a
tan  max    
 2  g
max 1  a 
2 g 
 tan 1 a ; max  2 tan    20
g
Work done by friction
Consider a person walking along rough horizontal surface. While walking he pushes the ground by
applying a force F. Ground excerts equal reaction force on him. The vertical component of this reaction
force is called normal reaction. The total normal force on his feet balances his weight. [Since he is not
having any motion along vertical direction, the net vertical force on him should be zero]. The horizontal
component of reaction force is nothing but friction. This force helps him to walk along the ground.
Since there is no slipping between his feet and ground, this friction is static. In this case static friction
preforms positive work on him.
Consider a block of mass m1 placed on smooth horizontal surface. Another block of mass m2 is
placed on the top surface of m2. The top surface is rough. The lower block is pulled by applying a
13
horizontal force F. If there is no slipping between two blocks then they will move together with same
acceleration and same velocity. In this case friction between them is static.
a1  a 2 v1  v 2
applied force performes +ve work on m1. Static friction performes -ve work on m1 but static friction
performes equal +ve work on m2. The two blocks have same displacement in a given time interval. So
the total workdone by static friction (internal force) on (m1 + m2) system is zero.
If there is slipping between two blocks, then friction between them is kinetic. In this case displacement
of m2 in a given time interval is less than that of m1. So kinetic friction performes more -ve work on m1
as compared to the +ve work on m2. So total work done by kinetic friction (internal force) on (m1 + m2)
system is -ve.
14
Conservative Force and Potential Energy

If conservative force does -ve work on a body, then KE of the body is transferred to conservative field
where it is stored as PE. If conservative force does +ve work on a body then PE stored in the conservative
field is converted to KE.
 Consider the upward motion of stone. Gravitational force does -ve work on the stone. Hence KE of
stone is transferred to gravitational field where it is stored as gravitational PE. During downward motion
this PE is converted to KE because gravitational force does +ve work. Hence total work done by the
gravitational force [on the stone] in the round trip is zero.
r r
 Conservative force does zero work for moving a body through a closed path.  r0
ÑF.d
 If only conservative forces are doing work on a body then total mechanical energy of the body is
conserved
KE  PE  Constant KE i  PE i  KE f  PE f
 e.g.  gravitational force, electrostatic force, spring force, magnetic force due to bar magnet, buoyant
force. etc.
 If conservative force does +ve work on a body then PE decreases [PE is converted to KE]
 w conservative force  change in PE  1
Fdr  dU
dU
F conservative force is the -ve gradient of PE
dr
r  U  ˆ  U  ˆ  U  ˆ 
F    i   j  k
 x   y   z  
Non conservative force
 If non conservative force does non zero work on a body. Then mechanical energy of the body is not
conserved. it may be converted to some other form [heat, sound, electric energy etc]
 PE is not associated with non conservative force.
 e.g.  frictional force, normal reaction, Tension, Viscous force induced electric force etc.
 Mechanical energy of the body is conserved only when wnon conservative force = 0
 Force applied by a man on a body (contact force) is non conservative.
 Work done by non conservative force is path dependent.
r r
 Non conservative force does non zero work for moving a body through a closed path. *  r0
ÑF.d
 wnonconservative force = change in mechanical energy
 w non conservative force  changein KE  change in PE   2 
15
(1) + (2)  wconservative force + wnonconservative = change in KE
w allforces  changein KE
Gravitational PE
 If CG of the body lies at the zero line of gravitational PE, then gravitational PE of the body is zero.
[usually zero line is taken at the surface of earth]
 If CG of the body is at a height h from the zero line then gravitational PE is + mgh
m +
zero line
wgra = -change in PE
-mgh = -[U - 0]
U = +mgh  gravitational PE
 If CG of the body is at depth h, below the zero line, then gravitational PE of the body is –mgh.
zero line
+ m
wgra = - change in PE
+mgh = -[U - 0]
U = –mgh
If body is taken to a height h above the surface of earth and h is comparable with the radius of earth
mgh
then change in gravitational PE is given by U 
h
1  
R
 If spring is elongated or compressed from its relaxed position through a distance x, then in both cases
1
spring PE   kx 2
2
16
F  applied force
In both cases spring force does -ve work.
wspring force = -change in PE
1
 kx 2    U  0
2
1 2
Hence in both cases U  kx  spring PE
2
KE and PE of a Projectile
at initial position
1
speed = u  KE  mu 2 PE  0
2
at top most point
1
speed = u cos , KE  mu 2 cos 2 
2
 u 2 sin 2   1
PE  mgH  mg    mu 2 sin 2  . at final position speed = u KE = 0 PE = 0
 2g  2
Power  rate at which work is done

w
P
t
w
 work done in unit time is called power P 
t
Total work done w

 Pav  
Total time taken t
17
 Instantaneous Power (Power at a particular instant)

r
dw r  dx  r r
 P  F.    F.v  Power is a scalar
dt  dt 
 SI unit is J/sec or watt  1 Horse power = 746 watts
ML2T 2
  P   ML2T 3
T
 Concept of Constant Power
If an external agent delivers constant power to a body then the agent will deliver equal amounts of
energy to the body in equal intervals of time. [agent will perform equal amounts of work on body in
equal intervals of time]. If power is constant in a time interval from 0 lot then work done by external
agent on body in this interval is given by
W = Pt
 Concept of Varying Power
If an external agent delivers varying power to a body then the agent will deliver unequal amounts of
energy in equal intervals of time. [agent will perform unequal amount of work on body in equal intervals
of time]. If power is varying in a time interval from 0 lot then work done by external agent on body in this
interval is given by
t
W   Pdt
0
Pdt is the area of shaded portion.

t
W   Pdt = Total area under (p -t) graph in the time interval from 0 lot
0
18
Instantaneous Power in Projectile Motion
Vx  u x  u cos 
Vy  u y  a y t
Vy  u sin   gt
r
V  Vx ˆi  Vy ˆj
r
V   u cos   ˆi   u sin   gt  ˆj
r
F    mg  ˆj
r r
P  F.V
P  mg  u sin   gt 
Power of Motor Delivering Water
 Consider a motor delivering water through a horizontal pipe at negligible height with speed V. Let  be
the density of water W motor = change in KE of water
1
dW   dm  V 2  0
2
19
1
dW  A  dx  V 2
2
2
dW 1 A  dx  V
P 
dt 2  dt 
dx
Put V
dt
1
P  A V3  This is the output power of motor..
2
Actual Power of Motor
dm  Adx
dm dx
 A  AV
dt dt
F  force applied by motor
dm
FV  V  AV 
dt
F  AV 2
P  FV  AV 3
But only 50 percentage of this power is finally available as out put. Only half of the energy supplied by
motor in one second is converted into final kinetic energy of water particles. The remaining half is
dissipated for doing work against internal viscous force between water layers.
 dm 
 Consider a motor lifting water from h meter deep well and delivering at the rate of   with a speed
 dt 
V. [dm is the mass of water delivered in a time dt]
20
W all forces = change in KE
1
W motor + W gravitaional force =  dm  V 2  0
2
1
dW   dm  gh   dm  V 2
2
1
dW   dm  gh   dm  V 2
2
dW
Pmotor 
dt
dm  V2 
P gh 
dt  2 
This is the output power of motor.
 dm  gh
Power required to just lift the water [V = 0] P 
 dt 
Pout
The electric energy consumed by the motor in unit time is called input power efficiency of motor 
Pin
 Consider engine delivering constant power to a car. Suppose car starts from rest and moves along a
horizontal road after moving a distance S in a time t the speed of car becomes V.
21
W all forces = change in KE
1
Pt  mv 2  0
2
2pt 1
V V t 2
m
1
dV dV dt 2
 a  a  * a
dt dt dt
1
 1  2 1
 a    t
2
1
  a   V 1 
1 1
a  t 2
a t 2
1 ds 1 2
 V  t 2 t 1
ds  t 2 dt
dt
1
s t t 2 1
1 s
 ds   t
0 0
2
dt 1
1
2
3
st
3
2
s t   1
2
s  V3
1
Vs 3
P = constant  LT  LT    constant 
1 2
[P] = constant
2 -3
 LT   L T
1 1 2
ML T = constant
L T 2 3  V   T  T  32 2
LT
3
2  V  T 2
3 1
st 2 V t 2
ML2T-3 = constant
M  LT 2  LT 1  = (constant)
22
 LT   V    constant
2
M 


 a  V  constant
 a    V 1
1 1
 a   T 2 

1
at 2
Types of Equilibrium
For the equilibrium of a body, the net force on it must be zero. Consider the equilibrium of a body which
is under the action of conservative forces. Then net conservative force on the body must be zero.
 FC net  0
du du
 0 0
dr dr
Stable Equilibrium
If a body is slightly displaced from stable equilibrium position then restoring forces acting on the body
will bring back the body to equilibrium position. If the body is slightly displaced from stable equilibrium
position and released then it will execute simple harmonic motion. (The work done by non conservative
forces must be zero).
The potential energy of the body at stable equilibrium position is minimum as compared to the potential
energy of same body at neighboring positions.
e.g: equilibrium of a small ball placed at the bottom of a smooth hemispherical bowl is stable along the
surface of bowl.
dU
0
dr
d2 U
is +ve
dr 2
23
Unstable equilibrium
When a body is displaced from unstable equilibrium position and released then net force acting on the
body tries to displace it further away from equilibrium position. PE of the body at unstable equilibrium
position is maximum as compared to the potential energy of same body at its neighbouring positions.
e.g.: equilibrium of a small ball placed at the top of a smooth hemispherical bowl is unstable along the
surface of bowl.
U is maximum
dU
0
dr
d2 U
is -ve.
dr
Neutral equilibrium
When a body is slightly displaced from neutral equilibrium position and released then it will remain
stationary at the new position. PE of the body at neutral equilibrium position is same as that at its
neighbouring positions.
e.g: equilibrium of body placed on a horizontal surface is neutral along the surface
dU
0
dr
d2 U
0
dr 2
Stopping of car moving along a rough horizontal surface
 The additional distance travelled by the car after applying breaks is called stopping distance
 The additional time taken by the car to comes to rest after applying breaks is called stopping time
24
N  mg f K   K N   k mg
W all force = change in KE
1 1
1 mu 2 mu 2
f K x  0  mu 2 2 2 u2
x  
2 fK  K mg 2 K g
Initial KE
stopping distance 
stopping force
dp 0  mu
F f K 
dt t
mu mu u
t t t
fK k mg k g
Initial momentum
stopping time 
stopping force
Collision
 Collision is an isolated event in which large impulsive forces act between two bodies for a short time.
 A common normal drawn at the point of contact during collision is called line of impact. Impulsive
forces during collision are acting along this line.
25
 u1 cos 1  u 2 cos 2
 v 2 cos  2  v1 cos 1
(Relative velocity of separation after collision along the line of impact)

 Coefficient of restitution (e) = (Relative velocity of approach before collision alongtheline of impact)
26
v 2 cos  2  v1 cos 1
 e
u1 cos 1  u 2 cos 2
 If there is no frictional impulsive force, then velocity component of each body along a direction
perpendicular to the line of impact will not change.
 v1 sin 1  u1 sin 1
 v 2 sin  2  u 2 sin 2
 External impulsive force on (m1 + m2) system is zero. Hence total linear momentum of the system is
conserved.
 Apply conservation of linear momentum along line of impact.
 Total linear momentum just before collision = Total linear momentum just after collision
along the line of impact along the line of impact
 m1u1 cos 1  m 2 u 2 cos 2  m1v1 cos 1  m 2 v 2 cos  2

Perfectly elastic collision
 Shape and size of colliding bodies do not change
 Mechanical energy is not dissipated
 Total KE just before collision = Total KE just after collision
1 1 1 1
 m1u12  m 2 u 22  m1v12  m 2 v 22
2 2 2 2
 Relative velocity of separation after collision along the line of impact = Relative velocity of approach
before collision along the line of impact
 v 2 cos  2  v1 cos 1  u1 cos 1  u 2 cos 2

 The value of coefficient of restitution is 1
 e=1
Perfectly non elastic collision
 Two bodies keep contact after collision
 Relative velocity of separation after collision is zero
 The value of coefficient of restitution is zero
 v 2 cos  2  v1 cos 1  0
 v 2 cos  2  v1 cos 1
 e=0
 In this collision loss in mechanical energy is maximum
27
 Total KE just after collision is less than total KE just before collision
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
  m1 v1  m 2 v 2    m1u1  m 2 u 2 
2 2  2 2 
 Head on collision  In head on collision velocities of colliding bodies are directed along the line
connecting their centers.
One Dimensional head on Elastic Collision  Shape and size of colliding bodies do not change
after collision.
 In case of a perfectly elastic collision  e = 1
 Relative velocity of separation after collision along the line of impact = relative velocity of approach
before collision along the same line.
 In case of elastic collision between two bodies (having no constrain) both KE and linear momentum
of the system are conserved before and after collision.
m1u1  m 2 u 2  m1v1  m 2 v 2  conservation of momentum
1 1 1 1 1 1
m1u12  m 2 u 22  (m1  m 2 )v 2  kx 2  m1v12  m 2 v 22
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
m1u12  m 2 u 22  m1 v12  m 2 v 22  conservation of KE
2 2 2 2
v 2  v1
e 1
u1  u 2
(m1  m 2 )u1 2m 2 u 2 (m 2  m1 )u 2 2m1u1

v1   v2  
m1  m 2 m1  m 2 (m1  m 2 ) (m1  m 2 )
Special cases
Case (a)  Head on elastic collision between identical bodies
m1 = m2  v1 = u2 and v2 = u1
 after collision velocity, momentum and KE are exchanged.
28
Case (b)  m1 = m2 but u2 = 0

 after collision v1 = 0, v2 = u1
after collision Ist body comes to rest and IInd body moves with the speed of Ist body. In this case
complete KE of Ist body is transferred to IInd body.
Case (c)  Head on elastic collision of lighter body with stationary heavier body [m2 >>> m1] [u2 = 0]
v1   u1 v2  0
after collision heavier body remains at rest but lighter body rebounds with the same speed. Change in
momentum of lighter body is maximum.
Case (d)  Head on elastic collision of heavier body with a stationary lighter body..
[m1>>>m2] [u2 = 0]  v1 = u1  v2 = 2u1
after collision the velocity of heavier body remains approximately constant and the lighter body moves
with twice the velocity of heavier body.
One dimensional head on Non elastic collision  Shape and size of colliding bodies change after
collision.
 e < 1  Total KE is not conserved
 Head on non elastic collision
If external impulsive force on the system is zero.

Total momentum just before = Total momentum just after collision.
v 2  v1
m1u1  m 2 u 2  m1 v1  m 2 v 2 e
u1  u 2
(m1  em 2 )u1 (1  e)m 2 u 2 (m  em1 )u 2 (1  e)m1u 1

v1   v2  2 
(m1  m 2 ) m1  m 2 m1  m 2 m1  m 2
12 21  1
2 2 1 
Loss in KE =  m1u1  m 2 u 2    m1 v1  m 2 v 2 
2 2  2 2 
1 m m  m1m 2
KE   1 2  (u1  u 2 ) 2 (1  e 2 )  u rel  u1  u 2
2  m1  m 2  m1  m 2
29
1
* KE  v 2rel
2
 If two bodies stick together after collision  v1 = v2 = v
 e = 0  after collision there is no relative motion along common normal direction
 This type of collision is called perfectly non elastic head on collision
 Loss in KE is maximum
1  m1m 2  2 1 2
 (KE)max  2  m  m  (u1  u 2 )  2 u rel
 1 2 
A ball is dropped from a height h on to a horizontal floor. Ball reaches the floor with speed v. After Ist
collision with the floor ball rebounds with speed v1 and goes to height h1. There after ball move down
and reaches floor with speed v1 (air resistance is negligible). So speed of ball just before IInd collision is
V1. After IInd collision ball rebounds with speed V2 and goes to height h2. The ball will again reach the
floor with speed V2. So speed of ball just before IIIrd collision is V2. After IIIrd collision ball rebounds with
speed V3. This process repeats. Let Vn be the speed with which ball rebounds after nth collision and hn
be the height through which ball rebounds after nth collision. Coefficient of restitution between ball and
floor is e.
V1
Consider Ist collision  e  V1  ev
V
V2
Consider IInd collision  e  V V2  ev 1  e ev 
1
V2  e2 V
V3
Consider IIIrd collision  e  V V3  ev 2 = e [e2v]
2
30
V3  e3 V
n
So Vn  e V
1 1
 mghn  mVn2 mgh  mv 2
2 2
2
hn  Vn 
  e2n hn  e2nh
h  V 
 Let t be the total time of motion of ball and y be the total distance travelled
2h 2V1 2V2 2V3

 t     ......
g g g g
2h 2
 t   ev  e 2 v  e3 v  .....
g g
2h 2v
 t   e  e 2  e3  .....
g g 
2h 2  e 
 t  2gh  
g g 1  e 
2h  2e  2h 1  e 
 t 1  1  e  t 1  e 
g   g  
y  h  2h1  2h2  2h3  .....

y  h  2 e 2h  e4h  e 6h  ...... 
y  h  2h  e2  e 4  e6  ......
 e2 
y  h  2h  2 
1  e 
 2e2   1  e2 
y  h 1  2
y h 2 
 1 e  1  e 
31

Work Energy and Power

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

Work Energy and Power

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Work Energy and Power

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

BBrilliant STUDY CENTRE REPEATERS PHYSICS (ONLINE) -2021

WORK ENERGY POWER

 Since there is no motion along vertical direction.

 Fcos  does work

l  s cos   component of displacement along the direction of force.

gravitational force does zero work on a body moving in horizontal direction.

work done  Area under force  displacement graph

Work done by varying force

eg  Work done by spring force

If mass is completely converted to energy then E  mc 2

h  depth of the lake

density of body material

Work done by normal force is +ve.

Work done by normal force is –ve

 Work energy theorem is the scalar form of newtons II nd law.

Total work done by internal tension on system = –Tx + Tx = 0

Equilibrium elongation and maximum elongation of a spring.

at equilibrium position . Fnet = 0

Consider an observer inside the train

Work done by all forces = change in KE

Conservative Force and Potential Energy

 w conservative force  change in PE  1

 wnonconservative force = change in mechanical energy

 w non conservative force  changein KE  change in PE   2 

(1) + (2)  wconservative force + wnonconservative = change in KE

Power  rate at which work is done

Total work done w

 Instantaneous Power (Power at a particular instant)

Pdt is the area of shaded portion.

Instantaneous Power in Projectile Motion

F  force applied by motor

W all forces = change in KE

This is the output power of motor.

W all forces = change in KE

W all force = change in KE

(Relative velocity of separation after collision along the line of impact)

 m1u1 cos 1  m 2 u 2 cos 2  m1v1 cos 1  m 2 v 2 cos  2

 v 2 cos  2  v1 cos 1  u1 cos 1  u 2 cos 2

m1u1  m 2 u 2  m1v1  m 2 v 2  conservation of momentum

(m1  m 2 )u1 2m 2 u 2 (m 2  m1 )u 2 2m1u1

Case (b)  m1 = m2 but u2 = 0

If external impulsive force on the system is zero.

(m1  em 2 )u1 (1  e)m 2 u 2 (m  em1 )u 2 (1  e)m1u 1

2h 2V1 2V2 2V3

y  h  2h1  2h2  2h3  .....

You might also like