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Particulate Matter in GEOS-Chem - Geos-Chem
Particulate Matter in GEOS-Chem - Geos-Chem
Particulate Matter in GEOS-Chem - Geos-Chem
Contents
1 Definition of PM2.5 used in GEOS-Chem
1.1 Update in GEOS-Chem 13.1.0
1.2 Current definition
1.3 Option to include spatially and seasonally varying OM/OC
2 PM2.5 diagnostic as implemented in GEOS-Chem
2.1 Avoid double-counting of ISOAAQ species
2.2 Save out PM2.5 diagnostic at STP conditions
3 Anthropogenic PM2.5 dust source in GEOS-Chem
4 PM10
At 35% RH:
At 50% RH:
The OA changes at both RH, and the SIA change at 50% RH are straightforward
changes to yield consistency between with the current Kappa-Kohler hygroscopicity
parameterization in GEOS-Chem based on Latimer and Martin (2019).
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These growth factors are calculated using the change in radius between different RH.
Essentially, the change in radius between the dry (i.e. 0% RH) and wet (35% or 50%
RH) aerosol is treated as a shell of water for the purposes of calculating the additional
mass associated with the wet particle. Under this condition, it can be shown that:
The DST2 bin includes aerosols with diameter both smaller and larger than 2.5 um.
Lengthy discussion with Duncan Fairlie, Aaron van Donkelaar, Colette Heald, Jeff Pierce
and Noelle Selin led to the conclusion that 38% of the DST2 bin should be included in
the calculation of PM2.5.
Current definition
by Randall Martin, Daven Henze, Aaron van Donkelaar, and Jeff Pierce:
The PM2.5 calculation should account for aerosol water of PM2.5 in a way that is
consistent with the PM2.5 measurements. The water content of PM2.5 is operationally
defined. In the United States an RH of 35% is often used (https://www3.epa.gov
/ttnamti1/files/ambient/pm25/spec/drispec.pdf) and would be appropriate for the
benchmark. In Europe an RH of 50% is often used.
Below are the factors that account for aerosol water in a consistent manner as
calculated by Aaron van Donkelaar and Sajeev Philip.
At 35% RH:
These growth factors are calculated using the change in radius between different RH.
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Essentially, the change in radius between the dry (i.e. 0% RH) and wet (35% or 50%
RH) aerosol is treated as a shell of water for the purposes of calculating the additional
mass associated with the wet particle. Under this condition, it can be shown that:
The DST2 bin includes aerosols with diameter both smaller and larger than 2.5 um.
Lengthy discussion with Duncan Fairlie, Aaron van Donkelaar, Colette Heald, Jeff Pierce
and Noelle Selin led to the conclusion that 38% of the DST2 bin should be included in
the calculation of PM2.5.
NOTE: Fisher et al (2016, ACP) recommend to Exclude INDIOL from AOD and aerosol
mass calculations, as it results in lost mass. As noted in Fisher et al. (2016, ACP), this is
a source of uncertainty and would benefit from an update when more information about
this process becomes available.
For users who seek more information on the seasonal and spatial variation of OM/OC in
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the lower troposphere (which by default is set to a constant value of 2.1), we provide
the option to use the seasonal gridded dataset (http://fizz.phys.dal.ca/~atmos/martin
/?page_id=2157) developed by Philip et al. (2014) (http://www.sciencedirect.com
/science/article/pii/S1352231013009151). This dataset has some uncertainty, but offers
more information than a global-mean OM/OC ratio in regions where primary organic
aerosols have a large fossil fuel source.
!==============================================================
! P A R T I C U L A T E M A T T E R
!
! Compute PM2.5 concentration [kg/m3]
!
! PM25 = 1.33 (NH4 + NIT + SO4) + BCPI + BCPO +
! 2.10 (OCPO + 1.16 OCPI) + 1.16 SOA* +
! DST1 + 0.38 DST2 + 1.86 SALA
!
! * If using simple SOA, SOA = SOAS;
! If using complex SOA, SOA = TSOA + ASOA + ISOAAQ
!
! NOTES:
! - We apply growth factors at 35% RH (computed above):
! 1.33 for SO4, NIT, and NH4
! 1.16 for OCPI and SOA
! 1.86 for SALA
! - Ratio of OM/OC = 2.1 is applied to OCPI and OCPO above
! - Aerosol WG recommends including 38% of DST2 in PM2.5
! - Use either simple SOA or complex SOA in PM2.5 calculation.
! By default simple SOA will be used.
!
! %%% IMPORTANT %%%
! Note that if complex SOA is used then PM2.5 includes all
! the SOA formed in both the Marais et al. and Pye et al.
! schemes and may include some double-counting of isoprene SOA.
! (Aerosol WG)
!==============================================================
! Units: [kg/m3]
PM25(I,J,L) = NH4(I,J,L) * SIA_GROWTH + &
NIT(I,J,L) * SIA_GROWTH + &
SO4(I,J,L) * SIA_GROWTH + &
BCPI(I,J,L) + &
BCPO(I,J,L) + &
OCPO(I,J,L) + &
OCPI(I,J,L) * ORG_GROWTH + &
SALA(I,J,L) * SSA_GROWTH + &
SOILDUST(I,J,L,1) + & ! DST1
SOILDUST(I,J,L,2) + & ! DST1
SOILDUST(I,J,L,3) + & ! DST1
SOILDUST(I,J,L,4) + & ! DST1
SOILDUST(I,J,L,5) * 0.38 ! 38% of DST2
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Jenny Fisher rightly pointed out that the PM2.5 diagnostic was erroneously including
the ISOAAQ species in the accounting of PM2.5 when the Simple SOA option was used.
After discussion with the Aerosols Working Group, we modified the PM2.5 diagnostic (in
routine aerosol_mod.F90) accordingly.
When the Complex SOA option is selected, we add TSOA + ASOA + ISOAAQ to
the PM2.5 and AOD diagnostics instead the simple SOA species SOAS.
Otherwise, we add SOAS to the PM2.5 and AOD diagnostics instead of TSOA +
ASOA + ISOAAQ.
NOTE: The GEOS-Chem benchmark simulations carry both Simple SOA and Complex
SOA species, but only the Simple SOA species (SOAS) is included in diagnostic output.
This has since been added to the PM2.5 diagnostic in GEOS-Chem (see code above).
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Sajeev Philip and coauthors have added a new PM2.5 dust emission inventory into
GEOS-Chem, termed as Anthropogenic Fugitive, Combustion and Industrial Dust
(AFCID). For information on this inventory, please see our Mineral dust aerosols wiki
page.
PM10
At present there is no PM10 diagnostic in GEOS-Chem. We welcome GEOS-Chem User
Community to assist us with implementing this diagnostic.
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