REFLECTION

Jessie Atillo Tindoy Jr. BSED – English, Section A

 MODULE 6: PIAGET’S STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

 From the module on Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development, I realized that…

- Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that children move through
four different stages of mental development. His theory focuses not only on
understanding how children acquire knowledge, but also on understanding the nature
of intelligence.1 Piaget's stages are: Sensorimotor stage: birth to 2 years. Jean Piaget
termed learning as relating information to already existing knowledge. And each
learner starts with their own knowledge and experience. According to his theories,
learning begins with the accumulation of some basic knowledge and advancing
deeper into the field with time.

 MODULE 7: ERIKSON’S PSYCHO-SOCIAL THEORY OF DEVELOPMENT

 From the Module on Erikson's Stages of Psycho-social Theory of

Development I realized that......
- Erik Erikson was a developmental psychologist known for his theory on
psychosocial development. Unlike other theorists of his time Erikson’s theory
focused on human development across the lifespan from birth to late
adulthood. Erickson believed that development change occurs through out our
lives in eight distinctive stages that emerge in a fixed pattern and are similar
for all people. Erickson argued that each stage presents a crisis or conflict
which results in either a positive or negative outcome (Feldman). In this essay
I will identify incidents in my own life that demonstrate each stage of
development according to Erickson that I have lived through. I will also
interview my Aunt Tami who will share her experiences for the remainder
stages of Erickson’s development that I have not gone through thus far.

 MODULE 8: KOHLBERG’S STAGES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT

 From this module of Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development, I realized

that...
- Kohlberg's theory of moral development is a theory that focuses on how
children develop morality and moral reasoning. Kohlberg's theory suggests
that moral development occurs in a series of six stages. The theory also
suggests that moral logic is primarily focused on seeking and maintaining
justice. Moral development occurs as we grow and helps us choose between
right and wrong. The theory of Lawrence Kohlberg states that the moral
development of most people begins with a desire to avoid personal
 punishment and may evolve over time to a desire to make the world a better
and more just place for all people.
 MODULE 9: VYGOTSKY’S SOCIO-CULTURAL THEORY

 From the module on Vygotsky's Socio-cultural theory, I realized that...

- Learning has its basis in interacting with other people. Sociocultural theory
focuses not only how adults and peers influence individual learning, but also
on how cultural beliefs and attitudes affect how learning takes place. The
Vygotsky theory of cognitive development states that students will learn more
when they receive guidance from someone with more skills in the subject
they're learning than they would if they were tackling the subject on their own.
- Vygotsky’s theory development emphasizes sociocultural influences on
development. Some important elements of this theory include apprenticeship
style learning, scaffolding, inner and outer speech, and the zone of proximal
development. According to Vygotsky, the most effective teaching and
learning goes on in a student’s Zone of Proximal Development. The ZND is a
spectrum which lies between two extremes: what the student can do
independently and what the student can do with maximal help from a teacher.
When a student is first learning a concept, the teacher provides a lot of hints
and support. As the student masters the concept, this support (called
scaffolding) is gradually withdrawn. (McCormick and Pressley 2007).

 MODULE 10: BRONFENBRENNER’S ECOLOGICAL THEORY

 Read a research or study related to Bronfenbrenner’s Theory. Fill out the matrix
below.
 How are the findings of this research useful to teachers?
- Bronfenbrenner's work was very important in understanding a systematic
approach of human and social development. His theory is important for
teachers to understand because it allows the educator to build fundamental
relationships with their students and create a communication rich classroom
that involves the parents.