BICOL TRAINING AND TECHNOLOGICAL COLLEGE INC.

,
Aguinaldo St., Bacacay, Albay
SY 2021-2022

COURSE TITLE: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

No. of Units: 3 Units
INSTRUCTOR: Kristine Joyce C. Besmonte
TERM: FIRST SEMESTER SY. 2021-2022

Learning Outcomes:
1. Explain the role of Science and Technology in Philippine nation building;
2. List noteworthy inventions, with their inventors, and give their major contributions in shaping the
Filipino nation;
3. Identify Science and Technology policies of the government;
4. Appraise the impact of these policies on the development of the Filipino nation; and
5. Recognize the need for balance between freedom and responsible behavior during the exchange
of ideas.

Activating Prior Learning

Watch the movie clips and read the short article listed below to get some ideas.

Questions to Ponder:

1. What roles do science and technology play in the developmental progress of the country?

Watch: 1. Science and Technology: Moving the Philippines Forward

Link: https://youtu.be/9li8S3L5p2Q

2. The State of Science and Technology in the Philippines

Link: https://youtu.be/_ttaqZf-SMg

Read: 1. Ratnasari, N., 2006. The Role of Science and Technology in nation building. Journal of the
National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka, 34(3), p.113. DOI: http://doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v34i3.3640

Activity 1.

From your readings and from the videos you watched, complete the diagram below by enumerating the
roles of science and technology in shaping the nation. Then, choose one from your list and explain it in a
5-sentence paragraph.

Role of Science and

Technology in
Nation Building

DISCUSSION

 Brief Historical Background of Science and Technology in the Philippines

 BICOL TRAINING AND TECHNOLOGICAL COLLEGE INC.,
Aguinaldo St., Bacacay, Albay
SY 2021-2022

PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

 Even before the Spain colonized the country, some indigenous science and technology has
already existed with regards to agriculture like farming, animal raising, and the utilization of
plants and herbs as medicines. The use of technology is evident in handicrafts, pottery, weaving,
and tools used by ancient Filipinos in their everyday living.
 Innovation and ingenuity were unmistakable by the way native Filipinos built the rice terraces by
hand. They also developed tools for planting, hunting, cooking, fishing, and also for fighting
enemies during tribal conflicts. They used indigenous technology in building houses, irrigations
and transportation, both on land and on waterways.

COLONIAL PERIOD

 Spanish colonization paved way to modern means of construction. Roads, bridges, churches and
other large infrastructures were built with more sophistication using some engineering skills and
tools brought by the Spaniards. In addition, Spanish colonizers developed health and education
system in the country.
 The American colonial rule modernized almost all aspects of life in the country. They established
the Bureau of Science to initiate the development in the field of science and technology.

POST- COLONIAL PERIOD

 After achieving independence from the colonial masters, The Philippines, under different
administrations, continued to pursue programs in science and technology. Each leadership had its
own S & T agenda. However, it is important to note that some Philippines presidents introduced
more developments in the field than others.

 FILIPONO PRESIDENTS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS IN THE

DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

 Philippine Presidents and the Status of Science and Technology during their
administration:

CARLOS P. GARICIA (1957-1961)

- Lack of support of experimental work

- Marginal budget for scientific research
- Low salaries of scientists employed by the government
- Established the National Science Development Board

FERDINAND MARCOS (1965-1986)

- Directed the Department of Education to revitalize the science courses in

public high schools
- Chanelled additional funds to sipport projects in applied sciences and
science education
- He proclaimed 35 hectares in Bicutan, Taguig, Rizal as the site of the
Philippine Science Community
- Scholarships for graduate and undergraduate science scholars, and
workshops on fisheries and oceanography
- Added the Philippine Coconut Research Institute to the NSDB to modernize the coconut industry.
- Support for the promotion of scientific research and intervention with Presidential Decree NO.
1972.
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Aguinaldo St., Bacacay, Albay
SY 2021-2022

- He created a law under Presidential Decree No. 1003-A, s.1976 to establish the National
Academy of Science and Technology
- He created a law on the ompletion of the National Agriculture and Life Sciences Research
Complex at the University of the Philippines at Los BaŇos (Executive Order No. 840, s.1982)
- He established the Mindanao and Visayas Campuses of the Philippine Science High School to
encourage careers in science and technology
- Established other research institutes like PAGASA, National Grains Authority, Philippine
Council for Agricultural Research, Philippine National Oil Company among others

CORAZON AQUINO (1986-1992)

- National Science and Technology Authority was replaced by the

Department of Science and Technology
- Science and technology’s role in economic recovery and sustained economic
growth was highlighted
- Created the Presidential Task Force for Science and Technology which
came up with the first Science and Technology Master Plan or STMP
- Executive Order No. 128 abolished R.A No. 3859, also known as the
“Philippine Investors Incentive Act”
- Gave assurance to Filipino inventors through giving financial aid, patent application assistance,
legal assistance, and to help inventors market their produtcs domestically and abroad
- R. A 6655 or the Fee Public Secondary Education Act of 1988 opened doors to free education up
to the secondary level
- “Science for the Masses Program” which aimed at scientific and technological literacy among
Filipinos

FIDEL V. RAMOS (1992-1998)

- Significant increase in personnel specializing in science and technology

field
- Addition of Philippine science High Schhols in Visayas and Mindanao
- Government provided 3,500 scholarships for students who were aking up
professions related to S & T
- Schools were becoming more modernized and updated with the addition
of high-tech equipment for students
- Priority for S & T personnel increased when Magna Carta for Science and Technology Personnel
(R.A 8439) was established
- Programs such as National Program for Gifted Filipino Children in Science and Technology
- Enactment of a law creating a nationwide system of high schools specializing in the field of
science and engineering ( Science and Technology Scholarship Law of 1994)
- Enacted the Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines (Republic Act No. 8293)

JOSEPH ESTRADA (1998-2001)

- Launched a full-scale program based on cost-effective irrigation

technologies
- Established one of science high school in every province
- Advancement of industries and schools into the Internet age
- Passage of the e-commerce Act

GLORIA MACAPAGAL ARROYO (2001-2010)

- The science and technology sector of the Philippines was dubbed as the
“golden age” during her term
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Aguinaldo St., Bacacay, Albay
SY 2021-2022

- Numerous laws and projects that concerns both the environment and science to push technology
as a tool to increase the country’s economic level
- The term “Filipinnovation” was the coined term used in helping the Philippines to be an
innovation hub in Asia
- Science Technology and Innovation (STI) was developed further by strengthening the schools
and education system such as the Philippine Science High School (PSHS), which focuses in
science, technology and mathematics in their curriculum
- Imposes Republic Act No. 10601 which improves the Agriculture and Fisheries Sector through
Mechanization (AFMech)

 FILIPINO SCIENTISTS AND THEIR INVENTIONS

DR. ARTURO ALCARAZ

- A volcanologist specializing in geothermal energy development.

In 1967, Arturo Alcaraz and team powered an electric light bulb
using steam-powered electricity. This was the first geothermal
power generated in the Philippines.

JULIAN BANZON (1908-1988)

- Filipino chemist
- He researched methods of producing alternative fuels.
- Experimented with the production of ethyl esters fuels from
sugarcane and coconut.

PEDRO ESCURO (1923-)

- Filipino scientist who is best known for his isolation of nine rice varieties,
thus was renowned by developing rice breeding in the country. The rice
varieties are: Milpal 4, HBD-2, Azmil 26 and C-22 and C-18, C4-63, C4-
137, C-168 and C-12.

DR. FRANCISCO FRONDA (1896-1986)

- Is known as the father of poultry science in the Philippines. He has

improved the methods of production of the poultry and livestock industry.

FELIX MARAMBA

- Built a coconut oil-fueled power generator. He also is the

developer of the world’s most profitable biogas systems.
 BICOL TRAINING AND TECHNOLOGICAL COLLEGE INC.,
Aguinaldo St., Bacacay, Albay
SY 2021-2022

LUZ OLIVEROS BELARDO (1906-1999)

- Filipino chemist. She researched the phytochemical properties of plants in the Philippines for
natural products, essential oils, and the medicinal qualities.

EMERITA DE GUZMAN

- Filipino scientist and researched the propagation of pure macapuno trees. Her research
led to the faster propagation of pure macapuno trees and increased macapuno nut
production from 3-5 macapuno nuts to 14-19 nuts (1980). She also invented tissue
culture techniques for the rapid propagation of abaca and banana plants.

Dr. FE DEL MUNDO (1911-1978)

- Filipino Doctor who is credited with studies that lead to

the invention of an improved incubator and a jaundice relieving
device.

GREGORIO ZARA (1902-1978)

- Famous Filipino scientist who invented, made improvements to, or

discovered the following: invented the two-way television telephone or
videophone (1955) patented as a “photo phone signal separator network”,
discovered the physical law of electrical kinetic resistance called the Zara
effect (around 19930); invented an airplane engine that run on plain
alcohol as fuel (1952).

 For additional information, go to the links provided below then watch and read the following:

Watch: 1. Juan’s Top 5 Filipino Inventions (https://youtu.be/RU21nUiKaoc

Read: 1. The Philippine Men and Women of Science

https://spheres.dost.gov.ph/manuscript/PMWS27.pdf

2.Philippine Great Inventions

Activity 2: Back Through Time

This activity is meant for you to revisit our country’s rich historical background og its journey to
scientific and technological process. Choose one period to elaborate the development of S & T in its
period and its contribution and implications to the present society. Complete the table below.
 BICOL TRAINING AND TECHNOLOGICAL COLLEGE INC.,
Aguinaldo St., Bacacay, Albay
SY 2021-2022

Period State of S&T Contribution of Science culture Implications of

during the the period in and practices/ S&T and science
period the Society’s norms culture of each
development of during the period to the
S&T period present

Activity 3: New Generation Science Genius

Utilizing the internet resources, find photos of modern Filipino Scientists and their respective
inventions or discoveries. Describe the inventions and their major contributions in the development of our
nation.