Table 1.

2: The definitions of the five pillars or clusters of education for sustainable development

Pillar or Cluster Definition

This type of learning concerns all the processes and practices that lead
Learning to know people to experience, construct and transform knowledge for making
sustainability a mode of life and being.

This type of learning concerns all the processes and practices that lead
Learning to live
to a peaceful and non-discriminatory society and human co-existence
together
with the natural world.

This type of learning concerns all the processes and practices that lead
Learning to be to human self-actualisation, self-regulation and cultivating a sense of
being versus having.

This type of learning concerns all processes and practices that lead to
Learning to do
merging knowledge with action for building a sustainable future.

Learning to This type of learning concerns all the processes and practices to
transform oneself transform their unsustainable values and behaviours and collectively
and society engaged to change society towards sustainability.