Sorsogon National High School

SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET IN GENERAL BIOLOGY I (LAS 3)

3rd Quarter; School Year 2020-2021

Name of Learner: ____________________________________ Grade Level & Section: _________________

TITLE OF THE LESSON: Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cell

I. LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

Most Essential Learning Competency: distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells according to their
distinguishing features (STEM_BIO11/12-Ia-c-3)

Specific learning outcomes:

At the end of the lesson, learners are able to:
1. enumerate examples of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells;
2. identify distinguishing features of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells;
3. compare plant and animal cells; and
4. construct a Venn diagram based on the characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

II. PRESENTATION OF THE LESSON:

rganisms on earth may come in a variety of shapes and sizes, but there are only two kinds of cells that make

O up life. What are these cells called? What groups of organisms possess each kind of cell? What makes
these cells similar and different from each other? You will learn the answers to these questions as you go
over this module.

PROKARYOTIC CELLS
Prokaryotes are the simplest organisms: aside from being
unicellular, they lack a nucleus, and membrane-bound organelles.
Their DNA is found in a darkened region in the central part of their
cells called the nucleoid. Some prokaryotes have structures called
flagella (singular flagellum) and pili (singular pilus).

Flagella are each composed of a single rotating fibril not

surrounded by a membrane and are used for locomotion. Pili are
thin, protein tubes extending from the cytoplasmic membrane of
many bacteria that enable them to stick for surfaces. Aside from
their central DNA, prokaryotic cells have extrachromosomal DNA
found in plasmids, which are small, circular, and double-stranded
DNA molecule. Plasmids are important for the survival of these
organisms as they give them antibiotic resistance. Figure 1 Animal Cell.
CREDIT: “Prototypic Human Cell” by OpenStax is licensed
There are two domains of prokaryotes, Archaea and Bacteria. under CC BY 4.0
Bacteria have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, which is made Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-
physiology/pages/1-introduction
of sugars and amino acids, and many have polysaccharide
molecules. Archaea, on the other hand, lack peptidoglycan.

EUKARYOTIC CELLS
Eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex, having a membrane-bound nucleus, numerous membrane-
bound organelles (including endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, etc.) and several
rod-shaped chromosomes. The membrane-bound organelles allow for different functions to be compartmentalized
in the different parts of the cell simultaneously.

No portion of this activity learning sheet may be reproduced without the expressed consent of the writer,
and of Sorsogon National High School. April 10, 2021
 Fungi, protists, animals, and plants are examples of organisms with eukaryotic cells. Some eukaryotic cells are
independent, single-celled microorganisms, whereas others are part of multicellular organisms. In terms of cell
morphologies, eukaryotic cells may come in a wide variety of shapes. Some may have irregular shape and some
are capable of changing shape. Factors that influence eukaryotic cell morphology include its primary function,
cytoskeleton organization, cytoplasm viscosity, cell membrane or cell wall rigidity, and physical pressure exerted
by the surrounding environment.

COMPARING PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS

Plant and animal cells, both eukaryotic cells, are very

similar except for some additional structures unique to
each of them, because of their different needs.

Animal cells and plant cells may be both eukaryotic

cells but they have striking differences in terms of some
organelles Animal cells possess centrosome and
lysosomes, while plants do not. On the other hand, plant
cells have cell walls, large central vacuole, chloroplasts,
and other specialized plastids; whereas animals do not.

Centrosomes serve as microtubule-organizing

centers in animal cells. Located near the nuclei of animal
cells, they contain a pair of centrioles that consists of
microtubules. Before a cell divides, the centrosome
replicates itself and the centrioles seem to play a role in
pulling the duplicated chromosomes to the opposite
sides of the dividing cell.

Figure 2 Animal Cell. Lysosomes contain enzymes that aid in breaking

CREDIT: “Prototypic Human Cell” by OpenStax is licensed under
CC BY 4.0
Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-
physiology/pages/1-introduction
down proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids,
and even worn-out organelles. They are the cell’s
“garbage disposal”. In plants, these digestive processes
are held in vacuoles.

Cell Walls give plants a rigid covering, adding protection and structural support, as well as, shape to the cell.
While the cell wall of some prokaryotic cells consist of peptidoglycan, plant cell walls are composed of cellulose,
which is a polysaccharide of glucose units.

Chloroplasts are plant cell organelles in charge of

photosynthesis. Plants are able to make their own food
from the series of reactions inside chloroplasts that use
carbon dioxide, water, and light energy to make glucose
and oxygen. The pigment called chlorophyll in
chloroplasts captures light energy that drives the reactions
of photosynthesis.

Aside from chloroplasts, plants also have

chromoplasts and leucoplasts. Chromoplasts store
pigments that give plants their orange and yellow colors.
Leucoplasts do not contain pigments and may specialize
in bulk storage of starch, lipid, or protein. Chloroplasts,
chromoplasts, and leucoplasts are types of plastids –
double membrane organelles found in cells of plants and
algae which are responsible for manufacturing and storing
food as well as storing photosynthetic pigments and other Figure 3. Plant Cell.
pigments that change the color of the cell. CREDIT: [A diagram of a plant cell] by LadyofHats
(Mariana Ruiz) is in the Public Domain.

III. LEARNING TASK/S.

NOTE: In doing the following task/s, please follow instructions to receive full credit points.

No portion of this activity learning sheet may be reproduced without the expressed consent of the writer,
and of Sorsogon National High School. April 10, 2021
 A. Practice Task 1: Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic?
Write EUKARYOTIC or PROKARYOTIC to identify what kind of cell each of the following items
possesses.
1. Rabbit _________________
2. Narra tree _________________
3. Amoeba _________________
4. Bacteria found in yogurt _________________
5. Mushroom _________________
6. Humans _________________

B. Practice Task 2: Cell Analogy

Complete the following table with the appropriate description : PRESENT/ABSENT.
PROKARYOTE EUKARYOTE
FEATURE
(absent/present) (absent/present)
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Ribosomes
Membrane-bound organelles
Plasmid

C. Practice Task 3: Cell Analogy

Have you ever wondered why leaves change color? What organelle/s do you think is/are
involved and what are the factors that trigger this process?
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

Figure 4. Leaf that has changed color.

CREDIT: Cincinnati - Spring Grove Cemetery
& Arboretum “Autumn Change” by David
IV. GENERALIZATION: Ohmer is available under CC BY 2.0

What have you learned in this lesson? Answer the following processing questions. Use a separate
sheet if necessary.
1. What are examples of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells – Kingdom _______ and Kingdom _______
Eukaryotic cells – Kingdom _______ Kingdom _______
Kingdom _______ Kingdom _______

2. What cell structures are present only in plants and only in animals?
Cell structures present in Cell structures present in
animals only plants only
• ________________ • ________________
• ________________ • ________________
• ________________

No portion of this activity learning sheet may be reproduced without the expressed consent of the writer,
and of Sorsogon National High School. April 10, 2021
V. EVALUATION:
NOTE: In doing the following task/s, please follow instructions to receive full credit points.

PART 1. Multiple choice. Read each item carefully and choose the best answer. WRITE THE
LETTER ONLY.

1. Which of the following is NOT an example of a eukaryotic cell?

A. animals
B. bacteria
C. fungi
D. plants

2. A cell that is very old and very simple internal structure is found in a lake. What kind of cell is this?
A. a new type of cell
B. a prokaryotic cell
C. a eukaryotic cell
D. There is not enough information.

3. This organelle serves as a primary packaging area for molecules that will be distributed throughout the
cell?
a. Mitochondrion
b. Vacuole
c. Cytoskeleton
d. Golgi body

4. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus while eukaryotes don’t.
B. Prokaryotic cells are bigger than eukaryotic cells.
C. Eukaryotic cells are simple while prokaryotic cells are complex.
D. Eukaryotic cells came before the prokaryotic cells.

5. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells may diff er in several aspects, -but they also share some common
features. Which of the following may be found in both types of cells?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. mitochondria
C. nucleus
D. ribosomes

PART 2. The following are cell structures that may be unique to prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells only or
common to them both. Your task is to place them in the appropriate space in the Venn Diagram below.

To avoid confusion, if an organelle is classified under eukaryotic cell but is unique only to plant or animal
cell, indicate in what kind of eukaryotic cell (animal or plant cell) it can be found in a parenthesis beside
the cell structure.

Some characteristics you should add in the Venn Diagram.

1. Lacks membrane-bound organelles
2. Has membrane-bound organelles
3. Allows for compartmentalization of functions
4. No compartmentalization of functions
5. Simple organism
6. Complex organism

Ribosomes Golgi apparatus Golgi apparatus Chloroplast

Cell wall Endoplasmic reticulum Nucleus Nucleolus
Cytoplasm nuclear membrane Cell membrane
Mitochondrion Lysosome Centriole

No portion of this activity learning sheet may be reproduced without the expressed consent of the writer,
and of Sorsogon National High School. April 10, 2021
VI. REMARKS:
How did you find this lesson – was it interesting? What did you learn? What did you find difficult? State
any questions you have about the topic.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Prepared by JOAN H. RELUAO, Special Science Teacher I

This LAS contains material from the following resources:

Clark, M., Douglas, M., & Choi, J. Provided by: OpenStax. Located at: https://openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/4-3-eukaryotic- cells. License: CC BY 4.0.
License Terms: Access for free at https:// openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/1-introduction

Boundless. Provided by: Biology LibreTexts. Located at: https://bio. libretexts.org/@go/page/6447. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0.

Bounless. Provided by: Biology LibreTexts. Located at: https://bio. libretexts.org/@go/page/12715. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0.

General Biology (Boundless). Provided by: Biology LibreTexts. Located at: https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_
and_General_Biology/Book%3A_General_Biology_(Boundless). License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0.

OpenStax Microbiology. Provided by: OpenStax CNX. Located at: http://cnx.org/contents/e42bd376-624b-4c0f-972f- e0c57998e765@4.2. License: CC BY:
Attribution. License Terms: Download for free at http://cnx.org/contents/e42bd376-624b- 4c0f-972f-e0c57998e765@4.2

Kaiser, G. Provided by: The Community College of Baltimore County, Catonsville Campus. Located at: http://faculty.ccbcmd.edu/
courses/bio141/lecguide/unit1/proeu/proeu.html. License: CC BY 4.0.

Unique Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells. Provided by: Lumen Learning. Located at: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/ microbiology/chapter/unique
characteristics-of-eukaryotic-cells/. License: CC BY 4.0.

Additional references:
Mason, K. A., Losos, J. B., & Singer, S. R. (2017). Biology, Eleventh Edition. McGraw-Hill Education.

Taylor, M. R., Dickey, J. L., Simon, E. J., Hogan, K., & Reece, J. B. (2018). Campbell Biology Concepts and Connections, Nint h Edition. Pearson Education,
Inc

No portion of this activity learning sheet may be reproduced without the expressed consent of the writer,
and of Sorsogon National High School. April 10, 2021