Colegio de Sto. Tomas-Recoletos, Inc.

DepEd-FAPE/PEAC Certified School

DOJ-Bureau of Immigration Accredited School
Azcona St., San Carlos City, Negros Occidental
Tel. Nos. 312-5242 & 312-5220 Telefax No. 729-9169

1st QUARTER
LEARNING MODULE 1
SY 2021-2022

MATHEMATICS 8
AUGUST 23-27

Jubie Ann L. Espenilla

09451592233/Weekdays (8am-12nn)

8 – SNT, SAO, SPC, SJST

1
COURAGE CORE VALUES
Charity Obedience Universal Recollection Accountability Grace Environmental
Mathematics 8 Jubie Ann L. Espenilla
 Colegio de Sto. Tomas-Recoletos, Inc.
DepEd-FAPE/PEAC Certified School
DOJ-Bureau of Immigration Accredited School
Azcona St., San Carlos City, Negros Occidental
Tel. Nos. 312-5242 & 312-5220 Telefax No. 729-9169

Module 1 Quarter 1
FACTORING POLYNOMIALS

INTRODUCTION AND FOCUS QUESTIONS:

While soccer is the world’s most popular sport, basketball is no. 1 in the Philippines
Pilipinas, the Philippine national men’s basketball team for elite level tournaments since 2010, has
brought honor and pride to the country.

Basketball is a wat of life for Filipinos. It is widely played from the grass roots level
upwards. Inter-school and inter-barangay basketball leagues are common place and quite popular in the
country.

One of the applications of this lesson is determining the numbers of games played by
a team in a basketball leage of x teams.

At the end of this module, you will be able to answer the following questions:
a. How are products of polynomials expressed as factors?
b. What steps are followed in common monomial factoring and factoring by grouping?
c. How are polynomials of the forms x 2 + Bx + C factored?
d. How factoring done on perfect square trinomials, difference of two squares, and sum or
difference of two squares, and sum or difference of two cubes?

LESSONS AND COVERAGE:

In this module, you will examine the aforementioned questions when you study the following
lessons:
LESSON 1 – Common Monomial Factoring

LESSON 2 – Special Cases of Factoring

VALUE FOCUS (Institutional Core Values):

1. Accountability
2. Obedience

COMPETENCIES (MELCs):
At the end of the lessons, the learner is able to
1. Recall the laws of exponents and special products
2. Illustrate the different steps to factor polynomial
3. Factors completely different types of polynomials (polynomials with common monomial
factor, difference of two squares, sum and difference of two cubes, perfect square
trinomials and general trinomials).
4. Solves problems involving factors of polynomials

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Mathematics 8 Jubie Ann L. Espenilla
 MODULE MAP

FACTORING
POLYNOMIALS

Factoring General Common Monomial Special Cases of

Quadratic Trinomials Factoring Factoring

Factoring Trinomials Factoring Trinomials Factoring

of the Form of the Form Factoring Difference
Perfect Square
of Two Squares
x 2+ Bx +C A x 2+ Bx+ C Trinomials

Factoring the Sum

and Difference of Two
Cubes

LESSON OBJECTIVES:
In these lessons, you shall be able to:
1. Factor completely different types of polynomials (polynomials with common monomial factor,
difference of two squares, sum and difference of two cubes, perfect square trinomials and
general trinomials).

PRE-ASSESSMENT:
To prepare you in studying the lesson, let’s find out what have you learned so far in your
previous Mathematics class.
Determine the product of the following:
1. (6 + 3z¿2
2. (3a – 2b)(3a + 2b)
3. (m 2 + 3m - 11¿2
4. (x +10¿2
5. (6x – 2y¿2

If you have answered them correctly, then you are ready for the lesson that you will be studying
in this module.

LESSON PROPER:

A. EXPLORE
The Meaning of Factoring
In Grade 7, you learned how to multiply polynomials and find special products. Your knowledge
of special products will be very useful in factoring polynomial.

What are the possible dimensions of a rectangle whose area is 12sq units? 18sq units?
A=12sq units A= 18sq units
l = 12
w=1
l - 18
w=1

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Mathematics 8 Jubie Ann L. Espenilla
 l=6
w=2 l=9
w=2
12 and 1are factor pairs of 12. Other factor pairs of
12, including negatice numbers, are:
6 and 2, 4 and 3 , -12 and -1, -6 and -2, and -4 and -3.
The factor pairs of 18 are: 18 and 1, 9 and 2, 6 and 3, -18 and -1, -9 and -2, -6 and -3.

THINK ABOUT THIS!

a) Does 12 have a factor pair whose sum is -7? a sum of -8? a sum of -10?
b) Using all factor pairs of 12, how many sums are possible?
c) How many sums are possible for the factor pairs of -12? of 18? of -18?

Example 1: What are the possible dimensions of a rectangle whose areas are
a. x 2−4 x? b. x 2+ 6 x+ 8
w=x−4
Solutions:

a. x−1−1−1−1 The width of the rectangle isx−4 and its

−x length is x.
l=x ( x−4) and ( x) are factors of x 2−4 x .
x2 −x −x −x

A=x2 −4 x

w=x +4

x 1 11 1
The length of the rectangle is x +4. Its
b. width is x +2.
x2 −x −x −x −x ( x +4 ) and ( x +2) are factors of
w=x +2 x 2+ 6 x+ 8.
x 1 1 1 1
x 1 1 1 1

A=x2 +6 x +8

Activity 1: TRY THIS!

What are the possible dimensions of a rectangle whose areas are
a. 3 x+ 6 b. x 2+ 7 x +10

To factor a number means to write it as a product of two or more numbers.

12 = (6)(2)

product factors

Factoring a polynomial means writing it as a product of the polynomials. It is the reverse process of
multiplication.
x 2+ 6 x+ 8 = ( x +4 )( x+2)
product factors

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 Any polynomial that cannot be rwitteh as the product of two other polynomials, except 1 and -1,
is said to be prime. A polynomial is said to be factored completely when it has been written as a product
consisting only of prime factors.

The following are examples of prime factors:

5 , 11, x , 3 x , x+ 4 , 2 x−3

B. FIRM-UP
Types of Factoring
a) Common Monomial Factoring
-Common monomial factoring is the reverse of multiplying a polynomial by a monomial.
Let’s recall the process of multiplying a polynomial by a monomial.
CAPSULE REVIEW

Multiply. a. 5 x 2( 3 x 2−xy −6 y 2)
Solution: Use the distributive property.
a. 5 x 2 ( 3 x 2−xy−6 y 2 )
2 1
b. −3 y ( y + y−4)
3
¿ 3 x 2 ( 5 x 2 )−xy ( 5 x2 ) −6 y 2 (5 x 2 )
¿ 15 x 4−5 x 3 y −30 x2 y 2

2 1 2 1
b. −3 y ( y + y−4) ¿ y (−3 y ) + y (−3 y )−4(−3 y)
3 3

Let us look for the common monomial factor present in a polynomial and write the polynomial in
factored form.

Example 2: Factor.
a. 2 x+10 c. 3 x 3−12 x 2−9 x
b. −8 m−12

Solutions:
COMMON
REMAINING
POLYOMIAL MONOMIAL FACTORED FORM
FACTOR
FACTOR
a. 2 x+10 2 x +5 2(x +5)
b. −8 m−12 -4 2 m+ 3 −4(2 m+3)
c. 3 x 3−12 x 2−9 x 3x x 2−4 x−3 3x( x 2−4 x−3 ¿
d. y 5 + y 3 y3 y 2 +1 y 3 ( y 2 +1)
Note that when we factor, we are looking for the greatest common factor (GCF). For example, in
−8 m−12, -2 is a common factor, but -4 is the GCF, so we use -4. Similarly, in y 5 + y 3, y and y 2 are
common factors, but y 3is the GCF. Hence, we use y 3 .

(More examples can be found on your book, Practical Math 8, pp.4-5)

COMMON MONOMIAL FACTORING

1. Determine the greatest numerical common factor and the greatest variable common factor of
the polynomial.
2. Rewrite the polynomial as a product of the greatest common factor and the remaining factor.

b.) Factoring by Grouping

Some expressions have a common binomial factor. Let us recall multiplication of binomials.
CAPSULE REVIEW
Multiply. ( x +6)( y +3)
5
Solution: Using the FOIL method, COURAGE CORE VALUES
( x +6)( y +3)
Charity Obedience Universal Recollection Accountability Grace Environmental
Mathematics 8 ( x +6)( y +3) ¿ x ( y ) + x ( 3 ) +6 ( y ) +6(3) Jubie Ann L. Espenilla
¿ xy +3 x+ 6 y+18
 Now, let us reverse the process by looking for the factors of the given product.
Example 3: Factor xy +3 y +6 y +18.

Solution: xy +3 x + 6 y +18

The common factor is x . The common factor is 6.

x ( y +3) + 6( y+ 3)

The common factor is y +3.

Thus, xy +3 y +6 y +18=( y +3)( x+ 6)
The factors obtained are the same as the one given in the capsule review.

(More examples can be found on your book, Practical Math 8, pp.6-8)

FACTORING BY GROUPING
1. Rearrange the terms so that the first two terms have a common factor and the second two
terms have a common factor.
2. Remove the common factor form each pair of terms.
3. If the two parentheses have common factor, write the expression as a product of this common
factor and the remaining factor.

SPECIAL CASES OF FACTORING

FACTORING THE DIFFERENCE OF TWO SQUARES

SUM AND DIFFERENCE OF TWO TERMS
Match the factors in Column A with their products in Column B.
A B
________1. ( x +6)( x−6) a. 25 x −4 y 2
2

________2. ( y 2−8)( y2 +8) b. x 2−36

________3. ¿ c. y 4 −64
The answer in Column B are examples of difference of two squares. The difference of two
squares is the product of the sum and difference of two terms.
DIFFERENCE OF TWO SQUARES
A polynomial is a difference of two squares if it satisfies these three conditions:
1. It is a binomial and each term is a square.
2. There is a minus sign between the two terms.
3. The operation involved is subtraction.

Example 4: Which of the following is adifference of two squares?

c. 9 x 2−64 b. x 6−8

Solution: a. 9 x 2−64=¿ The first terms is a square.

The second term is a square.
The operation involved is subtraction.
This is a difference of two squares.

b. x 6−8=¿ 8 is not a perfect square.

x 6−8 is not a difference of two squares.
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Mathematics 8 Jubie Ann L. Espenilla
FACTORING THE DIFFERENCE OF TWO SQUARES
a 2−b2=(a+ b)(a−b)
To factor a difference of two squares, write the product of the sum and the difference of the two
quantities being squared.
Example 5: Factor.
a. x 2−9 b. 4 x2 −25 y 2
Solution: a. Find the square rooths of the terms.
√ x 2=8 since x ∙ x=x 2
√ 9=3 since 3 ∙3=9
Substitute in the pattern.
x 2−9=¿
+( x +3 ) ( x −3 )

b. Find the square rooths of the terms.

√ 4 x 2=2 x since 2 x ∙ 2 x=4 x 2
√ 25 y 2=5 y since 5 y ∙ 5 y=25 y 2
Thus, 4 x2 −25 y 2=¿
=(2 x+5 y )(2 x−5 y)
(More examples can be found on your book, Practical Math 8, pp.22-23)

FACTORING PERFECT SQUARE TRINOMIALS

Recall that the square of a binomial gives a perfect square trinomial.
¿ ¿
In reversing the equations above, we have the formulas for factoeing perfect square trinomials.

FACTORING PERFECT SQUARE TRINOMIALS (PST)

a 2+2 ab+ b2=¿
a 2−2 ab+b2 =¿

Example 6: Determine whether these are perfect square trinomials. If yes, factor the trinomial.
a. x 2−6 x +9 b. x 6 +8 x 3+64

Solution: a. x 2−6 x +9 Yes. The first and last terms are perfect squares.
The middle term is twice the product of the values
xx −3−3 that were squared.
2 ( x ) (−3 ) =−6 x
Thus, x 2−6 x +9=¿

b. x 6 +8 x 3+64 No, this is NOT a perfect square trinomial since the

middle term is 8 x 3, instead of 16 x 3 .
(More examples can be found on your book, Practical Math 8, pp.24-25)
FACTORING THE SUM AND DIFFERENCE OF TWO CUBES
Recall the product of a binomial and a trinomial of the form (a ± b)(a 2 ∓ ab+ b2)
( a+ b ) ( a2−ab+b2 ) =a3 +b 3
( a−b ) ( a 2+ ab+b2 ) =a3 −b3
Reversing the equations, we have the formulas for factoring the sum or the difference of two cubes.

A polynomial is a sum or difference of two cubes if it satisfies thes two conditions.

1. It is a binomial
2. Each term is a cube

Here are the steps in factoring the sum and difference of two cubes.
To find the binomial factor:
 Get the cube roots of each term of the binomial and write it as sum or difference.
To find the trinomial factor:
 The first term of the trinomial is the square of the first term of the binomial 7 factor,
 The second
Charity
term of the trinomial
Obedience Universal
is COURAGE
positive or negative
CORE VALUES
Recollection
product Grace
Accountability
of the first and the last terms
Environmental
of the binomial
Mathematics 8 factor, and Jubie Ann L. Espenilla
 The last term of the trinomial is the square of the last term of the binomial factor.
(a 3−b3 ¿=(a−b) ¿
 Example 7: State whether each expression is a sum or difference of two cubes.
a. 8 x 3−1 b. x 6 y 4 +64
Solution: a. The first term is a cube. 8 x 3−1=¿
The second term is cube
This is a difference of two cubes
b. The first term is NOT a cube since the exponent of y is not a multiple of 3.
This is NOT a sum of two cubes.

Example 8: Factor.
a. x 3−8
¿¿
¿ ( x−2 ) ¿
¿( x −2)( x 2 +2 x + 4)
(More examples can be found on your book, Practical Math 8, pp.26-28)

Activity 3: COMPREHENSION CHECK!

Factor each of the following expressions completely.If the expression is not factorable, write
prime.
1. 4 a+28
2. x 2−6 x + xy−6 y
3. 2 m ( 4−m )−3(m−4)
4.m 2−36
5. x 3−8

PROCESS QUESTION/S:
How is factoring related to multiplying?
How do you check if the factors of an expression are correct?
When do you say thst a polynomial is in completely factored form?

C. DEEPEN
Application of Special Product and Factoring

The photo shows the thin ring that is the cross-section of the pipe.
Write the area of the cross-section as an expression in completely
factored form.

Let r = inner radius in meters

pipe’s cross-sectional area ¿ π ¿

outer inner
2
¿ 4 π −πr
= π (4−r 2)
¿ π (2−r ) (2+r )
The pioe’s cross-sectional are is π ( 2−r ) (2+r ).
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Mathematics 8 Jubie Ann L. Espenilla
 Example 9: The side of a square steel plate measuresx cm. A machine will cut a small square of steel
from the larger steel. Write an expression from the remaining area in factored from.

Solution: Remaining area = area of the big square – area of small square
¿ x 2−25 5 cm
¿( x −5)( x +5)

Acitivity 3: COMPREHENSION CHECK!

In each figure, a small square is cut from the large square. Write an expression for the remaining
area in factored form.
1. 3 2. y

x 7

D. TRANSFER

PERFORMANCE CHECK/TASKS: PROBLEM SOLVING

Many students are discouraged when they do problem solving. They feel inadequate to understand
the problem and solve it. More often, it is not our lack of ability, but our own faintheartedness that
stops us from accomplishing our goals. Determination means having the courage to accomplish
one’s goals, regardess of the difficulties. Problem solving is simply an application of the concepts
that one has learned.
Answer the following word problems!
1. The area of a wall is 3 x 2−x−10. Its length is 3 x+ 5 ,find it’s width.
2. In a basketball league of x teams which every team plays every other team twice, the total
number of games played is x 2−x . How many teams are there in a league that plays a total of
72 games?

DEFINITION OF IMPORTANT TERMS:

FACTOR – an exact divisor of a number.

GREATEST COMMON MONOMIAL FACTOR – is the greatest factor contained in every

term of an algebraic expression.
PATTERN – constitutes a set of numbers or objects in which all the members are related with
each other by a specific rule.

PERFECT SQUARE TRINOMIAL – result of squaring a binomial.

POLYNOMIAL – is a finite sum of terms each of which is a real number or the product of a
numerical factor and one or more variable factor raised to a whole – number powers.

PRODUCT – the answer of multiplication

SUMMARY:

After completion of this module the students must have realized that factor of different
products can be obtained through the use of different patterns and rules. They should already
learned the different types of factoring such as: (1) Factoring by greatest common monomial
factor, (2) Factoring difference of two squares, (3) Factoring perfect square trinomials, (4)
Factoring general trinomials, (5) Factoring the sum or difference of two cubes, and (6)
Factoring by grouping. 9
COURAGE CORE VALUES
AndCharity
at this point studentUniversal
Obedience must already understand
Recollection and used the
Accountability Graceconcepts of factoring in
Environmental
Mathematics
the context of8 real – life situations. Jubie Ann L. Espenilla
POST-ASSESSMENT:
A. Write the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.
__1. Give the product of (2x + 3y)(2x – 3y).
a. 2 x2 −3 y 2 c. 4 x2 −9 y 2
b. 4 x2 +12 xy−9 y 2 d. 4 x2 −12 xy −9 y 2
__2. The binomial x 2− y 2 is a ____.
a. Square of the difference
b. Difference of two squares
c. Squares of a binomial
d. Product of two squares
__3. Factor completely m4 −16.
a. (m + 2)(m – 2)(m2 +4 ¿
b. (m + 2)(m + 2)(m – 2)(m – 2)
c. (m 2+ 4)(m + 2)(m + 2)
d. (m + 2)(m – 2)(m – 2)(m – 2)
__4. Factor x 4 −25.
a. ( x 2+ 5¿ (x 2+5) c. ( x 2+ 5¿ (x 2−5)
b. (x + 5)(x – 5) d. ( x 4 + 5)( x 4 −5¿
__5. Factor y 2 +6 y−16.
a. (y + 4)(y – 4) c. (y + 16)(y – 1)
b. (y – 8)(y + 2) d. (y – 2)(y + 8)
B. Factor completely.
1. a 2−6 a−16
2. m2−6 m−40
3. 2 x 3+ 6 x2 −20 x

REFERENCES:

Copyright 2018 by Salesiana Books by Don Bosco Press, Inc.

Fisico, Misael Jose S., Sia, Lucy O., et’al (1995). 21st Century Mathematics:
First Year. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.,

Oronce, Orlando A. and Mendoza, Marilyn O. (2013). E-Math: Intermediate

Algebra. Quezon City: Rex Book Store, Inc.

Urgena, John Nico A. (2018) Practical Math 8. Philippines: Diwa Learning

Systems, Inc.

10
COURAGE CORE VALUES
Charity Obedience Universal Recollection Accountability Grace Environmental
Mathematics 8 Jubie Ann L. Espenilla
 Colegio de Sto. Tomas-Recoletos, Inc.
DepEd-FAPE/PEAC Certified School
DOJ-Bureau of Immigration Accredited School
Azcona St., San Carlos City, Negros Occidental
Tel. Nos. 312-5242 & 312-5220 Telefax No. 729-9169

SUBJECT
ST
1 QUARTER
LEARNING MODULE 1

ANSWER SHEET
(Add additional sheets of bond papers if needed)

NAME: ____________________________________ Grade & Section: _______________

Pre-Assessment Performance Check: Problem Solving

1. 1.
2. 2.
3.
4.
5.

Activity 1: Try This!

a.
b.

Activity 2: Comprehension Check

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Activity 3: Comprehension Check!

1.
2.

CST-R Honor Pledge

A Thomasian is mature, responsible, socially committed and imbued with Augustinian

Recollect values, Christian ideals and Filipino nationalism. 11
COURAGE CORE VALUES
I, ______________________
Charity Obedience of Grade
Universal ___________
Recollection willfully recognized
Accountability Grace the importance of
Environmental
personal dignity
Mathematics 8 in all aspects of life, in my studies and in my work. I commit myself
Jubie Ann to truthfulness,
L. Espenilla
honor and responsibility in addition to the school’s core values of COURAGE (Charity, Obedience,
Universal, Recollection, Accountability, Grace and Environmental), by which I earn the respect of
others.