8.1HW Colligative Properties.

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Colligative Properties of Solvents

Use the Equations given in your notes to solve the Colligative Property Questions.

ΔTb = m × Kb, ΔTf = m × Kf

Freezing
Boiling Kf Kb
Solvent Formula Point
Point (°C) (°C/m) (°C/m)
(°C)
Water H2O 0.000 100.000 1.858 0.521
Acetic acid HC2H3O2 16.60 118.5 3.59 3.08
Benzene C6H6 5.455 80.2 5.065 2.61
Camphor C10H16O 179.5 ... 40 ...
Carbon disulfide CS2 ... 46.3 ... 2.40
Cyclohexane C6H12 6.55 80.74 20.0 2.79
Ethanol C2H5OH ... 78.3 ... 1.07

1. Which solvent’s freezing point is depressed the most by the addition of a solute?

This is determined by the Freezing Point Depression constant, Kf. The substance with the highest value for
Kf will be affected the most. This would be Camphor with a constant of 40.

2. Which solvent’s freezing point is depressed the least by the addition of a solute?

By the same logic as above, the substance with the lowest value for Kf will be affected the least. This is
water. Certainly the case could be made that Carbon disulfide and Ethanol are affected the least as they do
not have a constant.
3. Which solvent’s boiling point is elevated the least by the addition of a solute?

Water

4. Which solvent’s boiling point is elevated the most by the addition of a solute?

Acetic Acid

5. How does Kf relate to Kb? Kf > Kb (fill in the blank) The freezing point constant is always greater.

6. A solution of 58.5 grams of NaCl in 1,000 grams of water is made. At what temperature will the solution freeze?

Calculate the Moles of Salt in the Solution

Molar Mass of NaCl = 58.5 (you should know how to find this by now)

58.5 g _ NaCl 1 _ mole

  1 _ mole This gives the # of moles in the solution.
1 58.5 _ grams

Calculate the molality of the Solution

 # _ of _ moles _ of _ solute 1 _ mole
  1 molal solution
kg _ of _ solution 1 _ kg

List Variables

m = 1 molal
Kf = (from chart above), 1.858
ΔTf = change in freezing temp
Write the Equation: ΔTf = m × Kf

Plug in the Appropriate Values

ΔTf = m × Kf = (1 m)(1.858 C/m) = 1.858 C (this is the change in the temperature not the temp)

Calculate the Temperature

Tf = 0 - 1.858 = -1.858 degrees Celcius

7. A solution of 146 grams of NaCl in 1,000 grams of water is made. At what temperature will the solution freeze?

Calculate the Moles of Salt in the Solution

Molar Mass of NaCl = 58.5 (you should know how to find this by now)
146 g _ NaCl 1 _ mole
  2.5 _ mole This gives the # of moles in the solution.
1 58.5 _ grams
Calculate the molality of the Solution

# _ of _ moles _ of _ solute 2.5 _ mole

  2.5 molal solution
kg _ of _ solution 1 _ kg

List Variables
m = 2.5 molal
Kf = (from chart above), 1.858
ΔTf = change in freezing temp
Write the Equation ΔTf = m × Kf
Plug in the Appropriate Values

ΔTf = m × Kf = (1 m)(1.858 C/m) = 4.6 C (this is the change in the temperature not the temp)

Calculate the Temperature

Tf = 0 – 4.6 = -4.6 degrees Celcius

 8. At what temperature will the solution described in number 6 boil?
List Variables
m = 1 molal
Kb = (from chart above), .521
ΔTb = change in freezing temp
Write the Equation: ΔTb = m × Kb

Plug in the Appropriate Values

ΔTb = m × Kb = (1 m)(.521 C/m) = .521 C (this is the change in the temperature not the temp)

Calculate the Temperature

Tb = 100 + .521 = 100.521 degrees Celcius

9. 1 kilogram of a water solution has an unknown amount of salt in it. To find quantity of salt the sample is cooled
until it freezes. It is found to freeze at -8ºC. Show all the calculations to find the number of moles in the solution.
(You will need to work backwards)
List Variables
m = ?, # of moles = ?
Kf = (from chart above), 1.858
ΔTf = -8ºC
Write the Equation ΔTf = m × Kf
∆Tf
Solve the Equation for m: m=
Kf

Plug in the Appropriate Values to Determine Molality

∆Tf 8° 𝐶
m= = = 4.3 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
Kf 1.858 𝑚
Since this is in one kilogram of solvent it is 4.3 moles of solute.

10. At what temperature will a 1 molal solution of salt in Acetic Acid (Vinegar) boil?

List Variables
m = 1 molal
Kb = (from chart above), .3.08
ΔTb = change in freezing temp
Write the Equation: ΔTb = m × Kb

Plug in the Appropriate Values

ΔTb = m × Kb = (1 m)(3.08 C/m) = 3.08 C (this is the change in the temperature not the temp)

Calculate the Temperature

Tb = 118.5 + 3.08 = 121.58 degrees Celcius
11. At what temperature will a 2.5 molal solution of salt in Acetic Acid (Vinegar) boil?

List Variables
m = 2.5 molal
Kb = (from chart above), .3.08
ΔTb = change in freezing temp
Write the Equation: ΔTb = m × Kb

Plug in the Appropriate Values

ΔTb = m × Kb = (2.5 m)(3.08 C/m) = 7.7 C (this is the change in the temperature not the temp)

Calculate the Temperature

Tb = 118.5 + 7.7 = 126.2 degrees Celcius

12. A sample liquid is given to a student in order to find its Kb . The student makes various concentration solutions
and heats each to measure its boiling point. The solvent itself (with no solute boils at 150 ºC) Using the data
below, calculate its Kb.
Molarity of Boiling
Solution Temp
(Cº)
1 158.8
2.5 172
3 176.4

The slope or the graph represents the constant K,

𝑅𝑖𝑠𝑒 176 𝐶 𝐶
𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = = = 58.7
𝑅𝑢𝑛 3 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑙 𝑚
13. A chief ingredient of antifreeze (for your car) is liquid ethylene glycol, C2H4(OH)2 (MM = 62 g/mole). Assume
C2H4(OH)2 is added to a car radiator which holds 5 liters of water.

A. How many moles should be added to 5 liters of water to lower the freezing point from 0 C to -18 C?

List Variables
m = ?, # of moles = ?
Kf = (from chart above), 1.858
ΔTf = -18ºC
Write the Equation ΔTf = m × Kf
∆Tf
Solve the Equation for m: m=
Kf

Plug in the Appropriate Values to Determine Molality

∆Tf 18° 𝐶
m= = = 9.7 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
Kf 1.858 𝑚

Use the molal Equation to determine total Moles

moles 9.7 mole X
molality = = = , so x = 4.8 moles of C2H4(OH)2
kg of solvent 1 kg 5 kg

B. How many grams is this?

4.8 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐶2 𝐻4 (𝑂𝐻)2 62 𝑔 𝐶2 𝐻4 (𝑂𝐻)2

× = 298 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠
1 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶2 𝐻4 (𝑂𝐻)2

C. If C2H4(OH)2 has a density of 1.1 kg/liter, how many liters is this?

298 𝑔 𝐶2 𝐻4 (𝑂𝐻)2 1 𝑘𝑔 1 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟

× × = .27 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐶2 𝐻4 (𝑂𝐻)2
1 1,000 𝑔 1.1 𝑘𝑔

D. What happens to the volume of water in the radiator as you add the antifreeze?

The radiator and cooling system in the car is a fixed volume so when the antifreeze is added an equal volume of water
is removed. This acts to increase the molality of the solution. This could be factored in but it would require a second
equation be created.