REFERENCES

Aiello and Larson [2002]. Research on effective of different Forms of Hand hygiene
esearch on effective of different Forms of Hand hygiene.

Alex et al,[2002]. A survey of enterobactiacene in hospital and community in tropical countries .

Buriut,2009], Comparative efficiency of alternative hand –washing agents in reducing

infection in intensive care units.

Atul-Jain, K. S. 2007. Recent advances in the management of nosocomial infections. JK

Science 9(1): 3-8

Boyce and pittet [2002]. Skin irritation and dry associated with two hand-hygiene
regimences soap and water hand washing and hand antiseptic with an alcoholic hand gel.

Boyce JM, Pittet D. Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee;

HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force. Guidelines For Hand Hygiene In Health-Care
Settings. Recommendations Of The Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee
and the HICPAC/ SHEA /APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force. Society for Healthcare
Epidemiology of America/Association for professional in Infection Control/Infectious Diseases
Society of America. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2002;51:1-45.(PubMed)(Google Scholar)

Centers For Disease Control and Prevention. Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care
Settings: Recommendations Of The Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee
and the HICPAC/ SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force. MMWR.2002;51:1-56.(PubMed )
(Google Scholar)

Cheesbrough, M.[ 2006]. District Laboratory Practice nd in Tropical Countries, Part 2, 2

edition. Cambridge University Press, New York. pp 137.

Dhraran et al, [2003]. Comparative efficiency of alternative hand-washing agents in

reducing infections in intensive care units .

Doebbeling, B.N., Stanley, G.L. and Sheetz, C.T.[ 1992]. Comparative efficacy of
alternative hand-washing agents in reducing nosocomial infections in intensive care units. N.
Engl. J. Med. 327: 88-93.
 FDA. 2011. Consumer Health Information. Hand Sanitizers Carry Unproven Claims to
Prevent MRSA Infections
(http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm251816.htm). Retrieved

Erasmus V, Kuperus MN, Richardus JH, Vos MC, Oenema A, van Beeck EF.[2010];76:161-
4. Improving hand hygiene behaviour of nurses using action planning:A pillot study in the
intensive care unit and surgical ward. J Hosp Infect. (PubMed) (Google Scholar)

Hammond B, Ali Y, Fendler E, Dolan M, Donovan S.[2000];28[5]:340-6. Effect of hand

sanitizer use on elementary school absenteeism. Am J Infect Control.(PubMed)( Google Scholar)

Hassan AO, Hassan RO, Muhibi MA, Adebimpe WO.[2012];6:5162-7. A survey of

Eterobacteriacea in hospital and community acquired Infections among adults in a tertiary
health institution in Southwestern Nigeria.Afr J Microbiol Res. (Google Scholar)

Health care net[2007]. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing .

Kampf, G., Höfer, M. and Wendt C. 1999. Efficacy of hand disinfectants against
vancomycin-resistant enterococci in vitro. J. Hosp. Infect. 42: 143-150.

Kar, A. 2008. Pharmaceutical Microbiology. New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers,
Delhi, pp 216-217

Lason EL, Hughes CA, Pyrek JD,. Sparks SM, Cagatay EU, Bartkus JM. Changes in bacterial
Flora associated with skin damage on hands of health care personnel. Am J Infect Control.
1998;26:513-21.(PubMed)(Google Scholar)

Lauharanta J, Ojajarvi J, Sarna S, Makela P. Prevention of dryness and eczema of the

hands of hospital staff by emulsion cleansing instead of washing with soap. J Hosp infect.
1991;17:207-15. (Pubmed)(Google scholar)

Liu, P., Yuen, Y., Hsiao, H.M., Jaykus, L.A. and Moe, C. 2010. Effectiveness of liquid soap
and hand sanitizer against Norwalk virus on contaminated hands. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
76(2): 394-399

Mac clintock et al,[2009]. Recent advances in the management of nosocomial infections.

Madan K, Prashant N, Thakral S.[2012];1:173-7. Comparative evaluation of efficacy of

alcoholic vs. non-alcoholic hand sanitizers. Int J Life Sci Biotechnol Pharma Res. (Google
Scholar).

Marieb et al, [2009]. Hand hygiene compliance rates in the united state.
Marks et al, [2006]. District laboratory practice in tropical countries.

Mondal S, Kolhapure SA. Evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy and safety of pure
hands herbal hand sanitizer in hand hygiene and on inanimate objects. Antiseptic. 2004;101:55-
7.(Google scholar)

Maki, D.G. [1989]. The use of antiseptics for handwashing by medical personnel. J.
Chemother (1):311.nari, R.M. and Hierholzer, W.J. [1984]. A crossover comparison of antiseptic
soaps on. nosocomial infection rates in intensive care units. Am. J. Infect. Control 12: 24-78.

McGuckin, M., Waterman, R. and Govednik J. [2009]. Hand hygiene compliance rates in
the United States--a one-year multicenter collaboration using product/volume usage
measurement and feedback. Am. J. Med. Qual . 24(3): 205-13.

Pappas S, and Murray P.R [2009], Potency of hand sanitizing in humans hands.

Thomas et al, [2002]. Evaluation of antibacterial efficiency of some alcohol based sanitizers

Pittet D, Allegranzi B, Byce J.[2009];30:611-22. The World Health Organization guidelines

on hand hygiene in health care and their consensus recommendations. Infect Control Hosp
Epidemiol. (Pubmed)(Google scholar)

Pratt RJ, Pellowe C, et Al.[2001];47. The epic project: Developing national evidence-
based guidelines for preventing hospital-acquired infections. Department of Health (England) J
Hosp Infect. (Suppl 1): S3-82.(Pubmed)(Google scholar)

Reynolds SA, Levy F, Walkers ES[2006];12:527-9. Hand sanitizer alert. Emerg infection
(PMC free article)

Sandora TJ, Taveras EM, Shih MC, Resnick EA, Lee GM, Ross-Degnan D. Abstract of the
42nd annual meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America; Boston, Massachusetts; 30
September, 3 October, 2004. Alexandria (VA): Infectious Diseases Society of America; 2004.
Hand sanitizer reduces illness transmission in the home (abstract 106) (Google scholar)

Son C, Chuck T, Childers T, Usiak S, Dowling M, Andiel C, et Al. Practically speaking:

Rethinking hand hygiene improvement programs in health care settings. Am J Infect Control.
201;39:716-24. (Pubmed) (Google scholar)

White C, kolble R, Carlson R, Lipson N, Dolan M, Ali Y, et Al[2003];31:364-70. The effect

of hand hygiene n illness rate among students in University Residence halls. Am J Infect Control.
(Pubmed) (Google scholar)
 Widmer AF[2000];31:136-43. Replace hand washing with use of a waterless alcohol and
rub? Clin Infect Dis. (Pubmed) (Google scholar)

World Health Organization. WHO/IER/PSP/2009/01. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health

Organization; 2009. WHO Guidelines in Hand Hygiene in Health Care. (Google scholar)

Winnefeld M, Richard MA, Drancourt M, Grob JJ[2000];143:546-50. Skin tolerance and

effectiveness of two hand decontamination procedures in everyday hospital use. Bro J
Dermatol. (Pubmed ) (Google scholar)