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18

Roll pressure and it’s distribution


Slab method of analysis under plane strain assumption 𝜃
𝑂
𝑝
𝑑𝜃
𝑅 𝜇𝑝


𝜎 𝜃 𝜎 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
𝑉 𝑉
𝜎 𝑑𝜎 𝜎
𝑑𝑥
𝑂 𝜇𝑝
𝑝

Considering horizontal equilibrium of forces on strip of length 𝑑𝑥

2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝜎 𝑑𝜎 2𝑦𝜎 2𝜇𝑝𝑅 cos 𝜃𝑑𝜃 2𝑅𝑝 sin 𝜃𝑑𝜃 0 (Before NP)

S. Mukhopadhyay Bulk Deformation Processes


19

Roll pressure and it’s distribution


Neglecting higher order terms and rearranging:
𝜃
𝑑 𝜎 𝑦 𝑝
𝜇 𝜃 𝑅𝑝 0
𝑑𝜃 𝜇𝑝
𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
Friction is low (see assumptions) so plane on  𝜎 𝑑𝜎 𝜎
which  𝑝 acts can be assumed to be a principal 
plane. Applying von‐Mises criterion: 𝜇𝑝

𝜎 𝜎 𝜎 𝜎 𝜎 𝜎 2 𝜎 6𝐾 𝑝

1 1
𝜎 𝜎 𝑝 𝜎 𝑝 𝑝 𝑝 𝜎 6𝐾
2 2

𝑝 𝜎 2𝐾

S. Mukhopadhyay Bulk Deformation Processes


20

Roll pressure and it’s distribution


𝑑 𝜎 𝑦 𝑑 2𝐾 𝑝 𝑦
𝜇 𝜃 𝑅𝑝 0 𝜇 𝜃 𝑅𝑝 0
𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝜃

After NP (neutral point), the direction of friction is reversed. We indicate this 
by changing sign of 𝜇 and generalizing the above equation to:

𝑑 2𝐾 𝑝 𝑦
𝜇 𝜃 𝑅𝑝 0 Applicable to the entire working region
𝑑𝜃
Shear yield strength 𝐾 increases while y decreases due to rolling. The product 𝐾𝑦
remains approximately constant. 
𝑝
𝑑 1
2𝐾y 2𝐾 ∓𝜇 𝜃 𝑅𝑝 0
𝑑𝜃

S. Mukhopadhyay Bulk Deformation Processes


21

Roll pressure and it’s distribution


Any thickness can be expressed in terms of final thickness and angle subtended at 
the roll centre:
2𝑦 ℎ 2𝑅 1 cos 𝜃
ℎ 𝑅𝜃
𝑦 For small 𝜃
2 2

Substituting 𝑦 in previous equation and rearranging: 
𝑝
𝑑 2𝑅 𝜃 ∓ 𝜇 𝑑𝜃
2𝐾
𝑝 ℎ 𝑅𝜃
2𝐾

Integrating: 
𝑝 𝑦 𝑅 𝑅
𝐶 𝑒∓ Where:  𝜆 2 tan 𝜃
2𝐾 𝑅 ℎ ℎ

S. Mukhopadhyay Bulk Deformation Processes


22

Roll pressure and it’s distribution

Before Neutral Point After Neutral Point
𝑝 𝑦 𝑝 𝑦
𝐶 𝑒 𝐶 𝑒
2𝐾 𝑅 2𝐾 𝑅
At beginning of rolling After neutral point
𝑝 𝜎 ℎ 𝑝 𝜎 ℎ
1 𝐶 𝑒 1 𝐶
2𝐾 2𝐾 2𝑅 2𝐾 2𝐾 2𝑅
2𝑅 𝜎 2𝑅 𝜎
𝐶 1 𝑒 with, 𝐶 1
ℎ 2𝐾 ℎ 2𝐾

𝑅 𝑅
𝜆 2 tan 𝜃
ℎ ℎ

Finally, Finally,
𝑝 2𝑦 𝜎 𝑝 2𝑦 𝜎
1 𝑒 1 𝑒
2𝐾 ℎ 2𝐾 2𝐾 ℎ 2𝐾

S. Mukhopadhyay Bulk Deformation Processes


23

Roll pressure and it’s distribution

𝑝
2𝐾

Effect of 𝜇 on rolling  Pressure distribution as function of front and 


pressure distribution. With  back tension. As the front tension increases, 
𝜇=0, there would be  neutral point shifts and area of curve 
slippage and neutral point  decreases  reduction of roll‐force.
will completely shift to 
exit. 

S. Mukhopadhyay Bulk Deformation Processes


24

Determination of neutral point


 At neutral point (NP), velocity of the work is same as velocity of the roll.
 Pressure profiles from before and after the neutral point also meet at this point. 
Hence we equate the two pressure profiles pertaining to before and after NP: 
2𝑦 𝜎 2𝑦 𝜎
1 𝑒 1 𝑒
ℎ 2𝐾 ℎ 2𝐾

𝜎
1 1 ℎ 1
𝜆 𝑙𝑛 2𝐾 𝜆
2 𝜇 ℎ 𝜎
1
2𝐾

Finally,

ℎ ℎ 𝜆
𝜃 tan
𝑅 𝑅 2

S. Mukhopadhyay Bulk Deformation Processes

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