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4tc Arm Intro Version1.0
4tc Arm Intro Version1.0
l Course structure
l 12x2h – lectures: Razvan Stanica, Fabrice Valois, Alberto Conte
(Alcatel-Lucent)
l 3x2h – TD: Razvan Stanica, Fabrice Valois
l Grading system
l Written exam, all documents authorized
l Tests on moodle before classes 3, 4, 5, 7 and 10 (only negative
points)
l 4TC-ARM is part of the UE TTC and represents 2 ECTS
General Outline
l Course structure
l 4 lectures on transversal topics: basic cellular concepts, network
architecture, mobility, logical channels, protocols
l 3 lectures on GSM
l 2 lectures on UMTS
l 3 lectures on LTE
General Outline
l Objectives
Understand the basic concepts of a mobile system and the
l
access network
c a t ion area HLR
lo slot uplink
GSM
o l l e r call all IP
co n tr
3GP
b u r s t P
paging
HSxPA ETSI
k
VLR
IMSI
cell
nlin
dow
tor
opera random access
dedicated channel
resource block
UE (e)NodeB
core network
A little bit of history
l MTS
l Use of the VHF band (30-300 MHz)
l Push to talk
l Operator assisted
Norway
l Evolutions: Improved MTS (IMTS), Radio Common Carrier (RCC)
1973)
Going cellular
l Cellular
l 1967 - Richard Frenkiel, Joel Engel, Philip Porter (Bell Labs): design
of the first cellular system
l 1973: First hand-held mobile phone
l 1G
l French equivalent: Radiocom 2000
l Launched in 1986 by France Telecom
l No encryption mechanism
l 2G
l 1991: First deployment by Radiolinja in Finland
l Digital voice transmissions
l Security mechanisms
(SIM) card
l Uses frequencies around 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz
l 2G
l Several technologies proposed, with different types of multiplexing
l Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) – Time Division
500kb/s
Going cellular
l 3G
l 2001: First deployment by NTT DoCoMo in Japan
l Mobile broadband data
l 3G
l Generalization of CDMA
l Competing technologies promoted in different regions
Japan, China
l CDMA2000: North America and South Korea, with the possibility of
(HSPA), and can provide data rates up to 42Mb/s downlink and 7Mb/s
uplink
Going cellular
l 4G
l Native IP networks
l Scalable channel bandwidth
high mobility
Going cellular
l 4G
l Two competing technologies on the market, which do not respect the
data rate requirements (sometimes described as 3.9G)
l Up to 100 Mb/s in the downlink
Norway
l First technology expected to be 4G compliant: LTE Advanced (LTE-
l Satellite phone
l Uses orbiting satellites instead of terrestrial base stations
l Requires a constellation of satellites to maintain connectivity
Orbcomm
l Expensive deployment and maintenance, all these companies filed for
bankruptcy
l The restructured Iridium Communications has more than 600k users
Other technologies
l Cordless phones
l CT2 technology
l A mobile device and a home base station, connected to the landline
network
l Voice and data transmission
l Calls can be made, but not received, through public base stations
Strasbourg
l A peak of 300k users
l Cordless phones
l Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT)
l First generation launched in Europe in 1987
l Up to 500m range
l TDMA based
l Intra-technology hand-over
implementation)
Other technologies
walkie-talkie mode
l User devices can act as relays
communication
l Highly secured communications
l Integration in 5G networks?
Embedded computing evolution
for 3G systems
l IMT Advanced: requirements for 4G systems, released in 2008
l Working Party 5D, to study IMT vision for 2020 and beyond, launched
in 2013
Standardization
outside countries
l Structured in working groups
l Authored and maintained the GSM standard since the late ‘80s
Standardization
Society are the most relevant for mobile networks) and working groups
l Previously standardized Ethernet and WiFi
networks worlds
Standardization
Mobility (NEMO)
Standardization
l In France
l Agence Nationale des Fréquences (ANFR), in charge of managing
and controlling the use of electromagnetic frequencies.
l Autorité de Régulation des Communications Electroniques et des
70
60 Active mobile-broadband subscriptions
20
15.8
10 9.8
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*
Some statistics