A.

Multiple Choices

Understanding the Audience

1. It is at the heart of the broadcast.

a. Speaker
b. Audience
c. Guest
d. Mentors

2. It plays an important role in empowering communities around the world,

bringing people together and fostering positive dialogue for change.
a. Speaker
b. Audience
c. Guest
d. Broadcasting
3. It can provide the diversity of views and voices needed to address the
challenges we face.
a. Speaker
b. Audience
c. Radio and Television
d. Radio

4. It involves identifying the audience and adapting it in program to their

interests, level of understanding, attitudes, and beliefs.
a. Audience analysis
b. Research analysis
c. Structural Analysis
d. Program analysis

5. It is a process used to identify and understand the priority and

influencing audiences.
a. Audience analysis
b. Research analysis
c. Structural Analysis
d. Program analysis

Identify which type of segmentation it belongs.

6. Rural is under ___________ characteristics.

a. Socio-demographic
b. Psychographic
c. geographic
d. None of these

7. Sex is under ___________ characteristics.

a. Socio-demographic
b. Psychographic
c. geographic
d. None of these
8. Region is under ___________ characteristics.
a. Socio-demographic
b. Psychographic
c. geographic
d. None of these

9. Age is under ___________ characteristics.

a. Socio-demographic
b. Psychographic
c. geographic
d. None of these

10. Needs or a concern is under ___________ characteristics.

a. Socio-demographic
b. Psychographic
c. geographic
d. None of these

11. Occupation is under ___________ characteristics.

a. Socio-demographic
b. Psychographic
c. geographic
d. None of these

12. City is under ___________ characteristics.

a. Socio-demographic
b. Psychographic
c. geographic
d. None of these

13. Language is under ___________ characteristics.

a. Socio-demographic
b. Psychographic
c. geographic
d. None of these

14. Interest is under ___________ characteristics.

a. Socio-demographic
b. Psychographic
c. geographic
d. None of these

15. Values are under ___________ characteristics.

a. Socio-demographic
b. Psychographic
c. geographic
d. None of these
16. Ethnicity is under ___________ characteristics.
a. Socio-demographic
b. Psychographic
c. geographic
d. None of these

17. A personality trait is under ___________ characteristics.

a. Socio-demographic
b. Psychographic
c. geographic
d. None of these

18. Religion is under ___________ characteristics.

a. Socio-demographic
b. Psychographic
c. geographic
d. None of these

19. District is under ___________ characteristics.

a. Socio-demographic
b. Psychographic
c. geographic
d. None of these

20. Attitudes and opinions are under ___________ characteristics.

a. Socio-demographic
b. Psychographic
c. geographic
d. None of these

21. Hope is under ___________ characteristics.

a. Socio-demographic
b. Psychographic
c. geographic
d. None of these

22. Aspirations are under ___________ characteristics.

a. Socio-demographic
b. Psychographic
c. geographic
d. None of these

23. Audience thoughts, beliefs, knowledge and current actions related to

the _______________.
a. Health
b. Social issues
c. Health and Social Issues
d. None of these

24. Barriers and ________ prevent or encourage audience members to

adopt the desired behavior change.
a. Audience
b. Facilitator
c. Speaker
d. Guest

25. It is research conducted on a specific sample (i.e. the audience!) in

order to find out about their attitudes, behaviors and habits.
a. Speaker Research
b. Audience Research
c. Program Research
d. None of these

Stage Production

26. It is negotiating and buying media space and time efficiently in

accordance with planned objectives.
a. Media
b. Media sales
c. Media buying
d. Mass Media

27. Pricing/selling media space and/or time to an advertiser or their

agent/agency
a. Media
b. Media sales
c. Media buying
d. Mass Media

28. It is the planning stage of a production

a. Pre-production
b. Post-Production
c. Production
d. None of These

29. Someone who finds financing for and supervises the making and
presentation of a show (play or film or program or similar work).
a. Director
b. Investor
c. Producer
d. Consumer

30. The person in charge; the one who gives directions to the actors and
assumes ultimate responsibility for the production
a. Director
b. Investor
c. Producer
d. Consumer
31. It is when the cast and crew read through the finalized script before
production starts.
a. Script summary review
b. Script content
c. Script read through
d. None of These.

32. Work that is done after the movie, film, or video has been taped
a. Pre-production
b. Post-Production
c. Production
d. None of These

33. It is the process of selecting the good portions of raw video footage
and combining them into a coherent, sequential, and complete
television program.
a. Filming
b. Editing
c. Cropping
d. Shooting

34. It is where a scene might have to be shot again due to a problem with
the sound, actors, lighting or any other technical element.
a. Reboot
b. Re-shoot
c. Re-film
d. Reprogram

35. Working with the film studio to release the film to cinemas, responsible
for the marketing of a film
a. Director
b. Investor
c. Producer
d. Film Distributor

36. It is the first public performance of a play or movie.

a. Opening
b. Filming
c. Premiere
d. None of These

37. The person who creates a written book or play.

a. Screen writer
b. Ghost writer
c. Writer
d. Linguist

38. A person who writes for television or movies.

a. Screen writer
b. Ghost writer
c. Writer
d. Linguist

39. An additional crew on a film production, usually used for filming crown
scenes, exteriors and other shots that don't require dialogue
a. 1st Unit
b. 2nd Unit
c. 3rd Unit
d. 4th Unit

40. It is a mix of an artist and a programmer, responsible for the more

technical aspects of film production.
a. Technical Director
b. Casting Director
c. Director
d. None of These

41. How many phases of production are there?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

42. When planning a project, what are the two most important things to
consider?
a. the purpose and the target audience
b. the target audience and the availability of materials
c. the availability of materials and the billing costs
d. the billing costs and the purpose

43. Which three steps depict a typical video production workflow's basic
order?
a. plan the project, shoot the video, plan the method of video distribution
b. capture the video, collect marketing data, and shoot the video
c. shoot the video, plan the project, and capture the video
d. create the project budget, shoot the video and capture the video

44. Which of the following occurs during pre-production?

a. Filming
b. Editing
c. Setting up equipment
d. Writing a script

45. Which of the following occurs during production?

a. Setting up audio
b. Determining the target audience
c. Applying transition effects
d. Choosing a method of content delivery

46. Which of the following occurs during post-production?

a. Assembling clips for proper sequencing
b. Creating a project budget
c. Outlining a production schedule
d. Filming

47. Justifying the purpose of the production happens in what phase of

production?
a. Pre-production
b. Production
c. Post-production

48. Choosing the method of content delivery happens in what phase of

production?
a. Pre-production
b. Production
c. Post-production

49. Selecting and setting up the most appropriate equipment for a chosen
production happens in which phase of production?
a. Pre-production
b. Production
c. Post-production
50. Uploading videos to a video editing software program happens in
which stage of production?
a. Pre-production
b. Production
c. Post-production

51. Inserting basic text to enhance video occurs in which stage of

production?
a. Pre-production
b. Production
c. Post-production

52. Which phase of production occurs first?

a. Pre-production
b. Production
c. Post-production
 
53. If this phase of production is not done well, the entire project could
fail.
a. Pre-production
b. Production
c. Post-production

54. Which phase of production does the following task fall under?Adjusting
Camera settings
a. Pre-production
b. Production
c. Post-production

55. Hiring an actor/actress

a. Pre-production
b. Production
c. Post-production

56. Which phase of production does the following task fall under? Adding
titles
a. Pre-production
b. Production
c. Post-production

57. Sets designing or location hunting and booking of editing shifts.

a. Pre-production
b. Production
c. Post-production

58. Handling of talent and crew members

a. Pre-production
b. Production
c. Post-production

59. It includes cutting the recorded visuals into appropriate length

a. Pre-production
b. Production
c. Post-production

60. controlling the crowd

a. Pre-production
b. Production
c. Post-production

61. arranging equipment

a. Pre-production
b. Production
c. Post-production

62. Shooting without hurdles and solving any problem related on the spot
at that time.
a. Pre-production
b. Production
c. Post-production

63. arranging the visuals in a proper sequence

a. Pre-production
b. Production
c. Post-production

64. music/song recording

a. Pre-production
b. Production
c. Post-production

65. final assembly of the entire program.

a. Pre-production
b. Production
c. Post-production

66. It includes managing all the facilities.

a. Pre-production
b. Production
c. Post-production

67. When performing, an actor should project his or her voice. That
means...

a. to speak clearly and loudly enough to be heard.

b. to shout as loudly as possible.
c. to change it to sound like a different person.
d. to speak at a normal volume.

68. Who should correct or give notes to actors?

a. Other actors and the director
b. The playwright (the person who wrote the play)
c. The audience
d. Only the director

69.  The most basic equipment in any and every production

a. Camera
b. Lights
c. Speaker
d. Video tapes
70. This lens selects a part of the visible environment and produces a
small optical image.

a. Camera
b. Lights
c. Speaker
d. Video tapes

71. It provides the television camera with adequate illumination for

technically acceptable pictures.
a. Camera
b. Lights
c. Speaker
d. Video tapes

72. It converts sound waves into electrical energy or the audio signals.
a. Camera
b. Lights
c. Microphone
d. Sound Recorder

73. It show the viewers what the objects shown on screen actually look
like
a. Camera
b. Lights
c. Microphone
d. Sound Recorder

74. It records the sound picked up by the microphone.

a. Camera
b. Lights
c. Microphone
d. Sound Recorder

75. It also helps us know when the event is taking place, in terms of the
season and the time of the day.
a. Camera
b. Lights
c. Microphone
d. Sound Recorder

76. It was the number one source of information and entertainment of

most Filipinos even before television captured their minds due to its
lower cost compared with the television.
a. mobile phone
b. telephone
c. radio

77. The advantage of this is its audio-visual capacity.

a. radio
b. print media
c. television

78. This involves the convergence of different technologies to transmit

either over a physical medium or in the form of electromagnetic waves.
a. Mass media
b. Telecommunications
c. New Media
 79. As part of the telecommunications network, this is the most important
piece of the convergence puzzle and can incorporate all other forms of
media.
a. television
b. radio
c. internet

80. Which among these is NOT a form of mass media?

a. journals
b. radio
c. telephone
d. television
News and Public Affairs

81. It is among the most viewed public affairs programs online according

to top search in Philippine Google.
a. KMJS
b. Rated K
c. Wowowin
d. Wish ko lang

82.  It is a Philippine television investigative docudrama show broadcast by

GMA Network.
a. KMJS
b. SOCO
c. Imbestigador
d. Wisk ko lang

83. GMA in GMA Network stands for.

a. General Media Arts
b. Global Media Arts
c. Globe Media Arts
d. Greater Manila Area

84. GMA News and public affairs was formerly known as RBS. RBS stands
for.
a. Republic Broadcasting System
b. Republic Broad System
c. Rebuild Broadcasting System
d. Rebuid Broad System.

85. DZBB may refer to one of the following GMA Network owned
broadcasters: DZBB-AM, a radio station (594 AM) in Metro Manila. DZBB
stands for.
a. DZ Brotherhood Broadcasting
b. DZ Bisig Bayan
c. DZ Bantay Bayan
d. DZ Bantay Bata

86. When Ferdinand Marcos declared Martial Law, which of these networks
are NOT present or operating in those times?
a. RPN
b. ABS-CBN
c. GMA
d. IBC
87. Which among these women become the first face of a news program
on television during the Martial Law?
a. Angelique Lazo
b. Tina Monzon-Palma
c. Jessica Soho
d. Mel Tiangco
 
88. Which among these newscasts is considered as the first tabloid-styled
news program on television formulated by Freddie M. Garcia and is still
airing today on primetime?
a. TV Patrol
b. GMA Network News
c. The World Tonight
d. Saksi

89. This channel also became the first station to broadcast the Ramos-
Enrile break-away that led to the People Power Revolution.
a. ABS-CBN
b. PTV
c. GMA
d. TV5

90. It became the first TV network to be fully reporting the news in Filipino
language with their late-night newscast
a. BBC
b. CN News
c. ABS-CBN
d. GMA

91. During the time of Martial Law by then-President Ferdinand Marcos, It

was the first to broadcast an hourly news bulletin program. 
a. BBC
b. CN News
c. ABS-CBN
d. GMA

92. GMA News Roundup aired from 1974 to 1976. The program was
replaced by GMA News Update in 2016 and in 2020 it was now
rebranded as ___________
a. GMA News Digest 
b. GMA Flash Report 
c. 24 Oras News Alert.
d. GMA News Live 

93. This statement must provide a short synopsis of the essence of the
project. If this statement is unclear, the chance of this project being
developed goes exponentially down
a. What is your Objective?
b. What is the idea for the project?
c. Who is your target audience?
d. Who is listening?

94. It is a goal, target or purpose why it is made. The goals could be to

motivate, entertain, or inform.
a. Objective
b. Idea for the project
c. Target audience
d. None of these
 95. It is the primary group of people that a program is made for. Example:
ESPN Sport Center’s audience is Males – 18- 35.
a. Objective
b. Idea for the project
c. Target audience
d. Treatment

96. This is used as a proposal for a new program or idea being developed.
It details the target audience, program objective, content summary, and
anticipated outcome.
a. Objective
b. Idea for the project
c. Target audience
d. Treatment

97. This is a written narrative of the commercial as it would be playing for

the audience.

a. Outcomes
b. Content Summary
c. Target audience
d. Treatment
98. This can only be accomplished by reading over the script or rehearsing
prior to air. The script sounds less like reading when the anchor knows
the words that are coming next.
a. Posture
b. Being Natural
c. Eye Contact
d. Outcomes

99. It is an invitation to turn your talk into a conversation. It creates a

bond between speaker and listener, a connection that is beneficial to
both parties.

a. Posture
b. Being Natural
c. Eye Contact
d. Outcomes

100. This preparation allows the director to pre-determine the shots

needed for the scene and provides a guide for the cinematographer. Set
design & lighting can be developed from this.

a. A/V Commercial Script

b. Script
c. AV Storyboard
d. Rundown

B. Matching Type
Match Column A with column B
Stage Production
1. It is the stage when you are on the studio
floor or on location and are ready to shoot or
are actually shooting.
2. It is the most basic equipment in any and a. Post-Production
every production
3. It converts sound waves into electrical energy b. Director
or the audio signals
4. It records the sound picked up by the c. Objective
microphone
5. It records the visuals d. Camera
6. It is the process of selecting and preparing
written, photographic, visual, audible, or e. Outcome
cinematic material used by a person or an
entity to convey a message or information, f. Enthusiasm
7. It is used to create a timed outline of the
program. It must equal 30 or 60 minutes if g. Rundown
broadcasted on television.
8. It is used for matching audio segments with h. Posture
the visual side by side.
9. It is an illustration through drawings that i. Production
depict what each shot will look like in the
finished product. j. Idea of the project
10. It is the words & actions that the character
will be using in a television and film k. AV Storyboard
production.
11. It involves idea generation, research, l. target audience
scripting, discussions with all the crew
members and talents (actors), arranging m. Editing
equipment, video / audio tapes, properties,
costumes, sets designing or location hunting n. Read the script
and booking of editing shifts.
12. It is a signal produced by the video adapter o. Sound Recorder
that allows a display device
13. It is the primary group of people that a p. Pre-Production
program is made for.
14. It is something that you are planning to do or q. Pronunciation
achieve: agree/establish/set 
15. It is a written narrative of the commercial as r. A/V Commercial Script:
it would be playing for the audience.
16. It is a statement that must provide a short s. Content Summary
synopsis of the essence of the project.
17. It is usually data driven. Based on predicted t. Microphone
sales or enthusiasm sales
18. It is responsible for working with the actors u. Videotape recorder
and crew to execute the script.
19. It is the easiest way to avoid stumbling over v. Script:
words and names are to figures out the
obstacles during practice. w. Video signal.
20. It is the result of producing the sounds of
speech, including articulation, stress, and
intonation
21. It is a feeling of energetic interest in a 1.
particular subject or activity and an
eagerness to be involved in it.
22. It is the way a talent sits or stands
News and Public Affairs
1. It is a term used to describe an organization’s
relationship with stakeholders.
2. It serves an important function in politics – by
putting forward the views of stakeholders to
a. GMA News
policy makers,
3. Formerly known as RBS News Department, b. IMReady
4. Robert Stewart
c. EDSA Revolution
5. It is an English-language newspaper in the
Philippines founded on 1985 that team up with d. Tina Monzon-Palma
GMA produce the coverage of that year 1998
e. Helen Vela
election.
6. She recognized that a 30-minute newscast f. Republic Broadcasting
was not adequate and sufficient to inform the
System(RBS),
general Filipino public on what is happening to
the recently established Aquino government g. Jay Taruc
after the historic People Power Revolution
h. Rep. Rodolfo Plaza
7. First female co-anchors when she first
presented News at Seven i. Che-Che Lazaro
8. First woman to anchor news in Filipino
j. Art Borjal.
for GMA Balita
9. First late-night sole anchor for Frontpage in k. Philippine Daily Inquirer
1999 l. Mel Tiangco
10. Won the 1999 Asian Television Awards and
2002 New York Festival awards for Best m. Tina Monzon-Palma
Newscast. n. Saksi,
11. "Kidneys for Sale" and "Kamao"
12. Brigada Siete. o. Public Affairs
13. Representative of house congress who p. Lobbying
authored the Resolution 787 commended GMA
News and Public Affairs for its efforts in q. GMA News and Public Affairs 
uplifting the standards of the Philippine r. Jessica Soho
broadcast industry.
14. Won GMA News and Public Affairs second s. Channel 7
Peabody Award. t. Salat
15. It is a Reel Time's episode of GMA News TV
documentary that received a Peabody Award u. Weekend with Velez
in 2013.  v. Teddy Benigno
16. Is a public safety and preparedness campaign
of GMA News and Public Affairs launched on w. Arnold clavio & Rhea Santos
2010. x. (Super Radyo DZBB 594)
17. It was the first network-produced public
affairs program on GMA. y. Dong Puno
18. Firing Line z. Louie Beltran
19. View Point
20. Straight from the Shoulder aa. Kara David's I-
21. The Probe Team Witness documentary,
22. Issues and Answers
23. Philippine longest-running noontime show "Ambulansiyang de Paa,"
24. Unang Hirit! bb. Eat Bulaga!
25. National radio station
26. It was the first to break the news of Ninoy cc. EDSA Revolution
Aquino's death and later would be the only
television station to broadcast his funeral.
27. People Power
28. was the first TV news to use Electronic News
Gathering Vans in the country.
C.True or False
1. Audience analysis means ‘grandstanding’ or ‘kowtowing’ to a public.
2. Taking a speaker-centered approach is important because a show’s /
program’s effectiveness will be improved if the presentation is created and
delivered in an appropriate manner.
3. Adapting a program to an audience is not the same thing as simply telling an
audience what they want to listen/watch.
4. Research is essential when the main source of funds for broadcasting is
advertising and programme sponsorship.
5. Radio and television can’t provide the diversity of views and voices needed
to address the challenges we face.
6. The broadcasters, without a doubt, need to know more about the people
who are watching or listening.
7. Radio and television programs that respond directly to a community’s needs,
without information about livelihoods and the local economy, health,
education, voter information, etc. have the power to radically change
communities and individual lives.
8. Psycho logic characteristics are needs, hopes, concerns and aspirations.
9. Audience research is a process used to identify and understand the priority
and influencing audiences.

10. It is necessary to understand both social and psychological features of the

mass communication audience in order to conduct an effective dialogue.

11. Socio-geographic characteristics are sex, age, language and religion.

12. The audience is not only the object of influence, but also a key participant in
the public dialogue.
13. Effective communication channels for reaching the audience.
14. The major radio and television stations in the developed countries as well as
in many industrialized countries are often funded out of taxation or license
revenue.
15. Public affairs are individuals or groups with an interest in the organization’s
affairs, such as politicians (MPs, MSPs, AMs, MLAs, MEPs), civil servants,
customers and local communities, clients, shareholders, trade associations,
think tanks, business groups, charities, unions and the media.
16. Public affairs practitioners engage stakeholders in order to explain
organizational policies and views on public policy issues, assisting policy
makers and legislators in amending or laying down better policy and
legislation.
17. Broadcasting gives a voice to the voiceless and serves as a source for human
rights and dignity and as a powerful enabler of solutions to challenges.
18. Audience thoughts, beliefs, knowledge and current actions are related to the
physiological or social issue. 
19. Demographics are statistics that describe a population in terms of personal
characteristics, such as age, gender, income, ethnicity, or education.
20. Population is a demographic characteristic that considers how many men
versus how many women will be in an audience
21. Mobile audience is an audience that will be relatively motionless while
listening to a speech.
22. Broadcasting is one of a range of goods and services available to the public
but unlike most other goods and services, no selling takes place.
23. Understanding audience plays an important role in empowering communities
around the world, bringing people together and fostering positive dialogue for
change.
24. The purpose of audience research is to find out what concerns them, who
affects them, what issues they have, what they think of current goods, and
how they feel about branding and service, among other things.
25. The public affairs industry has no set form for job titles, and practitioners
can be described in varying forms.
26. Public affairs practitioners may not need to influence stakeholders on specific
policy or legislation proposals, including at a local, national or International
level.
27. Public affairs practitioners will devise strategies on who to lobby and engage
with, on what issues and advise at what stage in the legislative process to get
involved.
28. It is essential that any public affairs work is based on the most up to date
information and so political monitoring is essential.
29. Practitioners at all levels will have their own daily media diet. Usually regular
monitoring is conducted by more senior practitioners including checking
statements.
30. Practitioners may organise events in order to provide opportunities to meet
with stakeholders.
31. Violating audience expectations can have a negative impact on the
effectiveness of the speech.
32. When people sit in the audience during a speech, they have less expectation
about the occasion, subject, and speaker.
33. The public would be insulted and the speaker would lose credibility if the
politician used the opportunity to debate a piece of legislation.
34. Audience analysis establishes a vague yet realistic picture of the audience.
35. A stakeholder is not involved in the process of conducting audience analysis.
36. An audience analysis should be conducted at the end of a program or
project.
37. The team should start thinking about the audience during the desk review
and fill in any gaps during the stakeholder workshop.
38. The priority audience is always the most affected audience, but is the group
of people whose behavior must change in order to improve the health
situation.

39. An influencing audience is made up of those people who have the most

significant and direct influence (positive or negative) over the priority
audience.

40. Priority audience refers to a group of people whose behavior must change in

order to improve the health situation.

41.  Interviews with local experts (e.g. medical and public health staff) can help
explain the issue and identify those most at risk or affected by it.

42. Audience profiles should represent the experience of real people.

43. Two audience profiles should look the same; the best profiles use qualitative
research as a source.

44. Profiles are living documents that should be updated when new information
becomes available. 

45. When messages and events are created with common characteristics in
mind, audience members are more likely to engage with the problem and feel
empowered to solve it.

46. The number of priority audiences depends mainly on the number of

audiences whose practice of the behavior will significantly impact the problem.

47. Sex refers to the socially and culturally constructed roles and responsibilities
deemed appropriate for men and women.

48. Barriers to change prevent or make it difficult to adopt a behavior.

49. Facilitators of change make it easier to adopt a behavior. As with barriers,
they can take many forms. 
50. Psychographics information is statistical data (e.g. age, sex, education level,
income level, geographic location) relating to a population and specific sub-
groups of that population.

1. b 2. d 3. c 4. a 5. a 6. c 7. b 8. c 9. a 10. b
11. a 12. c 13. a 14. b 15. b 16. a 17. b 18. a 19. c 20. b
21. b 22. b 23. c 24. b 25. b 26. c 27. b 28. a 29. c 30. a
31. c 32. b 33. b 34. b 35. d 36. c 37. c 38. a 39. b 40. a
41. c 42. a 43. a 44. a 45. a 46. a 47. c 48. b 49. c 50. c
51. a 52. b 53. a 54. b 55. a 56. c 57. a 58. b 59. c 60. b
61. a 62. b 63. c 64. c 65. c 66. b 67. a 68. d 69. a 70. a
71. b 72. c 73. b 74. d 75. b 76. c 77. c 78. b 79. c 80. a

Multiple Choice Key to Corrections

True or False key to Correction

1. a 91. d 26. F 1. F
2. c 92. c 27. F 2. T
3. b 93. b 28. T 3. T
4. a 94. a 29. T 4. F
5. b 95. c Matching Type 30. KeyF to Correction
5. T
6. b 96. d 31. T 6. T
A. Stage Production
32. F B. News and7. Public
F Affairs
7. b 97. b
1. i 33. F 1. o 8. T
8. a 98. b
2. d 34. F 2. p 9. F
9. c 99. c 3. t 35. T 3. q 10. F
10. d 1. c 4. o 36. F 4. f 11. F
5. u 37. T 5. k 12. T
6. m 38. T 6. d-m13. F
7. g 39. F 7. d-m14. T
8. r 40. T 8. e 15. T
9. k 41. T 9. l 16. T
10. v 42. T 10. n 17. T
11. p 43. F 11. r 18. F
12. w 44. T 12. g 19. T
13. l 45. F 13. h 20. T
14. c 46. T 14. aa 21. T
15. s 47. T 15. t 22. F
16. j 48. T 16. a 23. T
17. e 49. T 17. u 24. T
18. b 50. T 18. v 25. F
19. n 19. y
20. q 20. z
21. f 21. i
22. h 22. j
23. bb
24. w
25. x
26. s
27. c
28. a