NOTRE DAME OF DADIANGAS UNIVERSITY

Integrated Basic Education Department

Senior High School
Lagao, General Santos City

Basic Calculus

Quarter: Finals Date: 2021.03.08 – 2021.03.26

Week No.: 9-10, 12 21st Century Skills:
Damean’s Beat: Perseverance and Gratitude  Critical Thinking
NDDU’s 4Cs: ☐ Christian Leaders  Computing/ICT Literacy
 Competent Professionals  Communication
 Community-Oriented Citizens ☐ Creativity
☐ Culture-Sensitive Individuals ☐ Collaboration
Teacher/s: Janfebbiecarl D. Bolinguit ☐ Cross Cultural Understanding
Hazel Mae S. Cañeda  Career and Learning Self Reliance

Module No.: 7
I. Topic: Techniques on Differentiation and Related Rates
II. Learning Targets:
At the end of the lesson, I can…
COGNITIVE:
1. illustrate the Chain Rule of differentiation
2. solve problems using Chain Rule
3. illustrate implicit differentiation
4. solve problems (including logarithmic, and inverse trigonometric functions) using implicit
differentiation
5. solve situational problems involving related rates
AFFECTIVE:
6. apply the concept of differentiation in solving real-life problems
PSYCHOMOTOR:
7. write the solutions in solving related rates systematically
III. Introduction/Review/Content:

THE CHAIN RULE

Consider the following functions and solve their derivatives.
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = (5𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3)2
2. 𝑦 = sin 2𝑥

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏.

(1) If you will solve it using Power Rule, you get

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝐷𝑥 [(5𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3)2 ] = 2(5𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3) (This is incorrect!)

If you want to expand the function first before getting the derivative, you get

2021.03.07 11:12:45 PM NDDU-IBED-F-081

 𝑓(𝑥 ) = (5𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3)(5𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3)
= 25𝑥 4 − 10𝑥 3 + 15𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 15𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 25𝑥 4 − 20𝑥 3 + 34𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 9

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝐷𝑥 (25𝑥 4 ) − 𝐷𝑥 (20𝑥 3 ) + 𝐷𝑥 (34𝑥 2 ) − 𝐷𝑥 (12𝑥) + 𝐷𝑥 (9)

𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = 100𝑥 3 − 60𝑥 2 + 68𝑥 − 12 (This is correct!)

Also, if you want to use the Product Rule, you have

𝑢 = 5𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3 then 𝑢′ = 10𝑥 − 2
𝑣 = 5𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3 then 𝑣 ′ = 10𝑥 − 2

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝐷𝑥 [(5𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3)2 ]

= 𝑢𝑣 ′ + 𝑢′𝑣
= (5𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3)(10𝑥 − 2) + (10𝑥 − 2)(5𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3)
= 50𝑥 3 − 10𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 30𝑥 − 6 + 50𝑥 3 − 10𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 30𝑥 − 6
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 100𝑥 3 − 60𝑥 2 + 68𝑥 − 12 (This is correct!)

What if you have (5𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3)100 ? or

7
(5𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3)4 ?

(2) Using the information that we have in Module 5, we get

𝑦 ′ = cos 2𝑥 (This is incorrect!)

For 𝑦 = sin 2𝑥, use trigonometric identity to rewrite 𝑦 into

𝒚 = sin 2𝑥 = 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 (Double-Angle Identity)

Thus,
𝑢 = sin 𝑥 then 𝑢′ = cos 𝑥
𝑦 ′ = 2 ∙ 𝐷𝑥 [sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 ]
𝑣 = cos 𝑥 then 𝑣′ = − sin 𝑥
= 2(𝑢′ 𝑣 + 𝑢𝑣′)
= 2[cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 (− sin 𝑥 )]
= 2(cos 2 𝑥 − sin2 𝑥 )
𝑦 ′ = 2 cos 2𝑥 (Double-Angle Identity)

(This is correct!)

2021.03.07 11:12:45 PM NDDU-IBED-F-081

 What if you have sin 𝑥 3 ? Or tan(𝑥 5 − 7𝑥 3 )?

Chain Rule!

In this module, you will learn to differentiate a given function without having to perform any
preliminary multiplication or apply any special formula.

Theorem (Chain Rule). Let 𝑓 be a function differentiable at 𝑥 and let 𝑔 be a function

differentiable at 𝑓(𝑥 ). Then the composition 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 is differentiable at 𝑥
and
𝐷𝑥 [(𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥 )] = 𝑓 ′ (𝑔(𝑥 )) ⋅ 𝑔′ (𝑥 )

The Chain Rule may be written in Leibniz notation. That is if 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑢) and 𝑢 = 𝑔(𝑥 ), then
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= ⋅
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥

Example
Find the derivative of the following functions using the Chain Rule. Then verify if the
answers are the same with the correct answers above.
1. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = (5𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3)2 2. 𝑦 = sin 2𝑥
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏.

(1) Let 𝑢 = 5𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3. Then, the equation can be written as 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑦 = 𝑢2 . So

𝒅𝒖 𝑑 𝒅𝒚 𝑑 2
= (5𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3) = 𝟏𝟎𝒙 − 𝟐 and = (𝑢 ) = 𝟐𝒖
𝒅𝒙 𝑑𝑥 𝒅𝒖 𝑑𝑢
Thus,
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= ⋅
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
= 2𝑢 ⋅ (10𝑥 − 2)
= 2(5𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3)(10𝑥 − 2)
= (10𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 6)(10𝑥 − 2)
= 100𝑥 3 − 20𝑥 2 − 40𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 60𝑥 − 12
𝑑𝑦
= 100𝑥 3 − 60𝑥 2 + 68𝑥 − 12
𝑑𝑥

2021.03.07 11:12:45 PM NDDU-IBED-F-081

(2) Let 𝑢 = 2𝑥. Then, 𝑦 = sin 𝑢. So,
𝒅𝒖 𝑑 𝒅𝒚 𝑑
= (2𝑥 ) = 𝟐 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = (sin 𝑢 ) = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒖
𝒅𝒙 𝑑𝑥 𝒅𝒖 𝑑𝑢

Thus,
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= ⋅
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥

= 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒖 ∙ 𝟐
= 2 cos 𝑢
𝑑𝑦
= 2 cos 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥

Now, suppose we want to find the derivative of a power function of 𝑥, that is 𝐷𝑥 [𝑓(𝑥 )𝑛 ].
So, let 𝑢 = 𝑓(𝑥 ). Then, 𝑦 = 𝑢𝑛 . By Chain Rule,

𝒅𝒖 𝑑 𝒅𝒚 𝑑 𝑛
= [𝑓(𝑥 )] = 𝒇′ (𝒙) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = (𝑢 ) = 𝒏𝒖𝒏−𝟏
𝒅𝒙 𝑑𝑥 𝒅𝒖 𝑑𝑢

Thus,
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= ⋅
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥

= 𝒏𝒖𝒏−𝟏 ∙ 𝒇′ (𝒙)
𝒅𝒚
= 𝒏[𝒇(𝒙)]𝒏−𝟏 ∙ 𝒇′ (𝒙)
𝒅𝒙

Hence,
𝐷𝑥 [𝑓(𝑥 )𝑛 ] = 𝒏[𝒇(𝒙)]𝒏−𝟏 ∙ 𝒇′ (𝒙)

This is called THE GENERALIZED POWER RULE.

2021.03.07 11:12:45 PM NDDU-IBED-F-081

 DIFFERENTIATION FORMULAS (Chain Rule)

𝑑𝑢
1. 𝐷𝑥 (sin 𝑢) = cos 𝑢 ∙
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
2. 𝐷𝑥 (cos 𝑢) = − sin 𝑢 ∙
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
3. 𝐷𝑥 (tan 𝑢) = sec 2 𝑢 ∙
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
4. 𝐷𝑥 (csc 𝑢 ) = − csc 𝑢 cot 𝑢 ∙
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
5. 𝐷𝑥 (sec 𝑢 ) = sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢 ∙
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
6. 𝐷𝑥 (cot 𝑢 ) = − csc 𝑢 ∙
𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑢
7. 𝐷𝑥 (sin−1 𝑢 ) = ∙
√ 1 − 𝑢2 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑢
8. 𝐷𝑥 (cos −1 𝑢) = − ∙
√ 1 − 𝑢2 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑢
9. 𝐷𝑥 (tan−1 𝑢 ) = ∙
1 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
−1 𝑑𝑢
10. 𝐷𝑥 (csc −1 𝑢 ) = ∙
|𝑢| √ 𝑢2 − 1 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑢
11. 𝐷𝑥 (sec −1 𝑢 ) = ∙
|𝑢| √ 𝑢2 − 1 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑢
12. 𝐷𝑥 (cot −1 𝑢 ) = − 2
∙
1 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
13. 𝐷𝑥 (𝑎𝑢 ) = 𝑎𝑢 ln 𝑎 ∙
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
14. 𝐷𝑥 (𝑒 𝑢 ) = 𝑒 𝑢 ∙
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
15. 𝐷𝑥 (𝑢𝑣 ) = 𝑢𝑣 (𝑣 ln 𝑢)
𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑢
16. 𝐷𝑥 (ln 𝑢 ) = ∙
𝑢 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑢
17. 𝐷𝑥 (log 𝑏 𝑢 ) = ∙ , 𝑏>0
𝑢 ln 𝑏 𝑑𝑥

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 Example
Find the derivative of the following functions.

1. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = (3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 4)7 4. 𝑦 = 𝑒 3𝑥+2 + tan(𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 )

sin 𝑥 10
2. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = (5𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 )125 5. 𝑦 = ( 2 )
𝑥 − 7𝑥
3
3. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = √4𝑥 2 − 3 6. 𝑦 = cos 5 (6𝑥 2 − 𝑥 )

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏.

(1) Let 𝑢 = 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 4 then 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑢7 . So

𝒅𝒖 𝑑 𝒅𝒚 𝑑
= (3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 4) = 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟓 and = (𝑢7 ) = 𝟕𝒖𝟔
𝒅𝒙 𝑑𝑢 𝒅𝒖 𝑑𝑢
Thus,
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= ⋅
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
= 𝟕𝒖𝟔 ⋅ (𝟔𝒙 − 𝟓)
Distribute 7 to (6𝑥 − 5) .
= 7(3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 4)6 (6𝑥 − 5)
𝑑𝑦
= (42𝑥 − 35)(3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 4)6
𝑑𝑢

(2) Let 𝑢 = 5𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 3 + 6𝑥, then 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑢125 . So,

𝒅𝒖 𝑑 𝒅𝒚 𝑑
= (5𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 ) = 𝟐𝟎𝒙𝟑 − 𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔 and = (𝑢125 ) = 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝒖𝟏𝟐𝟒
𝒅𝒙 𝑑𝑢 𝒅𝒖 𝑑𝑢
Thus,
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= ⋅
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
= 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝒖𝟏𝟐𝟒 ⋅ (𝟐𝟎𝒙𝟑 − 𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔) Distribute 125 to
4 3
= 125(5𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 6𝑥 )124 ( 3 2
20𝑥 − 9𝑥 + 6) 20𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 2 + 6

𝑑𝑦
= (2500𝑥 3 − 1125𝑥 2 + 750)(5𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 )124
𝑑𝑥

(3) Let 𝑢 = 4𝑥 2 − 3, then 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 3√ 𝑢. So

𝒅𝒖 𝑑 𝒅𝒚 𝑑 3 1 2 1 𝟏
= (4𝑥 2 − 3) = 𝟖𝒙 and = ( √ 𝑢) = 𝑥 −3 = 2 = 𝟑
𝒅𝒙 𝑑𝑢 𝒅𝒖 𝑑𝑢 3 𝟐
3𝑥 3 𝟑 √𝒖
Thus,
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= ⋅
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
𝟏
= 𝟑 ⋅ 𝟖𝒙 Note:
𝟑 √𝒖𝟐 3
1
√𝑢 = 𝑢 3

2021.03.07 11:12:45 PM NDDU-IBED-F-081

 𝑑𝑦 8𝑥
= 3
𝑑𝑥 3 √(4𝑥 2 − 3)2

(4) Let 𝑢 1 = 3𝑥 + 2 and 𝑢 2 = 𝑥 2 − 7𝑥

𝑦1 = 𝑒 𝑢 𝑦2 = tan 𝑢
𝒅𝒖𝟏 𝑑 𝒅𝒖𝟐 𝑑
= (3𝑥 + 2) = 𝟑 = (𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 ) = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟕
𝒅𝒙 𝑑𝑥 𝒅𝒙 𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝒚𝟏 𝑑 𝒅𝒚𝟐 𝑑
= ( 𝑒 𝑢 ) = 𝒆𝒖 = (tan 𝑢 ) = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝒖
𝒅𝒖 𝑑𝑢 𝒅𝒖 𝑑𝑢

Thu,
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦1 𝑑𝑢 1 𝑑𝑦2 𝒅𝒖𝟐
= ⋅ + ⋅
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝒅𝒙
= 𝒆𝒖 ⋅ (𝟑) + 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝒖 ∙ (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟕)
𝑑𝑦
= 3𝑒 3𝑥+2 + (2𝑥 − 7) sec 2 (𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥

sin 𝑥
(5) Let 𝑢 = then 𝑦 = 𝑢10 .
𝑥2
− 7𝑥
𝑑𝑢
To find , use The Quotient Rule:
𝑑𝑥
𝑢̅ = sin 𝑥 𝑣̅ = 𝑥 2 − 7𝑥
𝑢̅ ′ = cos 𝑥 𝑣̅ ′ = 2𝑥 − 7
𝑑𝑢 𝑑 sin 𝑥 𝑣̅ 𝑢̅ ′ − 𝑢̅𝑣̅ ′ (𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 )(cos 𝑥 ) − (sin 𝑥 )(2𝑥 − 7)
= ( 2 )= =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 − 7𝑥 (𝑣̅ )2 (𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 )2
(𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 ) cos 𝑥 − (2𝑥 − 7) sin 𝑥
=
(𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 )2

So,
𝒅𝒖 𝑑 sin 𝑥 (𝒙𝟐 − 𝟕𝒙) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 − (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟕) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝒅𝒚 𝑑
= ( )= and = (𝑢10 ) = 𝟏𝟎𝒖𝟗
𝒅𝒙 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 (𝒙𝟐 − 𝟕𝒙)𝟐 𝒅𝒖 𝑑𝑢

Thus,
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= ⋅
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟕𝒙) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 − (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟕) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
= 𝟏𝟎𝒖𝟗 ⋅
(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟕𝒙)𝟐
sin 𝑥 9 (𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 ) cos 𝑥 − (2𝑥 − 7) sin 𝑥
= 10 ( 2 ) ⋅
𝑥 − 7𝑥 (𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 )2

2021.03.07 11:12:45 PM NDDU-IBED-F-081

 sin9 𝑥 (𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 ) cos 𝑥 − (2𝑥 − 7) sin 𝑥
= 10 2 ⋅
(𝑥 − 7𝑥 )9 (𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 )2
10 sin9 𝑥 ∙ (𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 ) cos 𝑥 − 10 sin9 𝑥 ∙ (2𝑥 − 7) sin 𝑥
=
(𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 )9 ∙ (𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 )2
𝑑𝑦 (10𝑥 2 − 70𝑥 ) sin9 𝑥 cos 𝑥 − (20𝑥 − 70) sin10 𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 )11

(6) Let 𝑢 = cos(6𝑥 2 − 𝑥 ), then 𝑦 = 𝑢5 . So,

𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢̅ 𝑑
To find , let 𝑢̅ = 6𝑥 2 − 𝑥, then = (6𝑥 2 − 𝑥 ) = 12𝑥 − 1.
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝒖 𝑑 𝑑𝑢̅
= (cos 𝑢̅) = − sin 𝑢̅ ∙ = − sin(6𝑥 2 − 𝑥 ) ∙ (12𝑥 − 1) = −(𝟏𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏) 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙)
𝒅𝒙 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝒚 𝑑
and = (𝑢5 ) = 𝟓𝒖𝟒
𝒅𝒖 𝑑𝑢

Thus,
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= ⋅
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
= 𝟓𝒖𝟒 ⋅ [−(𝟏𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏) 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙)]
= 5[cos(6𝑥 2 − 𝑥 )]4 ⋅ [−(12𝑥 − 1) sin(6𝑥 2 − 𝑥 )]
= −5(12𝑥 − 1) cos 4 (6𝑥 2 − 𝑥 ) sin(6𝑥 2 − 𝑥 )
𝑑𝑦
= −(60𝑥 − 5) cos 4 (6𝑥 2 − 𝑥 ) sin(6𝑥 2 − 𝑥 ) or
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= (−60𝑥 + 5) cos 4 (6𝑥 2 − 𝑥 ) sin(6𝑥 2 − 𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥

You can also use the GENERALIZED POWER RULE to find the derivative of the function:

Note that: 𝒚 = cos 5 (6𝑥 2 − 𝑥 ) = [𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙)]𝟓.

𝒅𝒖 𝑑
Let 𝒖 = 𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙, then = (6𝑥 2 − 𝑥 ) = 𝟏𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏
𝒅𝒙 𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝑦 ′ = 5[cos(6𝑥 2 − 𝑥 )]5−1 ∙ [cos(6𝑥 2 − 𝑥 )]
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 5[cos(6𝑥 2 − 𝑥 )]4 ∙ (− sin 𝑢) ∙
𝑑𝑥
= 5[cos(6𝑥 2 − 𝑥 )]4 ∙ [− sin(6𝑥 2 − 𝑥 )] ∙ (12𝑥 − 1)
= −5(12𝑥 − 1)[cos(6𝑥 2 − 𝑥 )]4 sin(6𝑥 2 − 𝑥 )
𝑦 ′ = −(60𝑥 − 5) cos 4 (6𝑥 2 − 𝑥 ) sin(6𝑥 2 − 𝑥 ) 𝑜𝑟
𝑦 ′ = (−60𝑥 + 5) cos 4 (6𝑥 2 − 𝑥 ) sin(6𝑥 2 − 𝑥 )

2021.03.07 11:12:45 PM NDDU-IBED-F-081

IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION

Most of the differentiation problems involves functions 𝑦 written 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑙𝑦 as functions of the
independent variable 𝑥, that is in the form 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 ). For such a function, we can find the derivative
directly.

However, some functions 𝑦 are written 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑙𝑦 as functions of 𝑥, that is the expression is not
given directly in the form 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 ). One example is the equation
𝑥 2 + 𝑦2 = 8
which represents a radius of 2√ 2 with its center at the origin (0,0).

Suppose you want to find the derivative of the equation at point (2, 2).Since the equation of the
circle is not complicated, we can write 𝑦 explicitly in terms of 𝑥. We have
𝑦2 = 8 − 𝑥 2
𝑦 = ±√8 − 𝑥 2
The positive square root represents the upper semi-circle, and the negative square root represents
the bottom semi-circle. Since the point (2, 2) is located at the upper semi-circle, then the derivative
of the function
1
𝑦 = √8 − 𝑥 2 = ( 8 − 𝑥 2 ) 2
using the Chain Rule,
𝑑𝑦 1 1 −𝑥
= (8 − 𝑥 2 )−2 ∙ (−2𝑥 ) = .
𝑑𝑥 2 √8 − 𝑥 2
Therefore, the derivative of the function at point (2, 2) is the value of the above derivative evaluated
at 𝑥 = 2, that is
𝑑𝑦 −2 −2
= = = −1
𝑑𝑥 √8 − (2)2 √ 4

From the above example, we obtained the required derivative because we were able to write 𝑦
explicitly in terms of 𝑥, that is in the form 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 ).

However, there are many equations where it is difficult to express 𝑦 in terms of 𝑥. Some examples
are the following:
(𝑎) 𝑦 3 + 5𝑦 2 − 3𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 2 = 15
(𝑏) 5 cos 2 𝑥 = tan (2𝑦 2 − 3)
(𝑐 ) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 5 = ln(𝑥𝑦)

In this lesson, we will discuss another method to obtain derivatives. The method is called implicit
differentiation.

Differentiating quantities involving only the variable 𝑥 with respect to 𝑥 is not a problem; for
example, the derivative of 2𝑥 is just 2. But if a function 𝑦 is defined implicitly, then we have to use
the Chain Rule to find its derivative. While the derivative of 𝑥 2 is 2𝑥, the derivative of 𝑦 2 with respect
to 𝑥 is
𝑑𝑦
2𝑦
𝑑𝑥

2021.03.07 11:12:45 PM NDDU-IBED-F-081

Generally, if we have the expression 𝑓 (𝑦), where 𝑦 is a function of 𝑥, then
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑𝑦
[𝑓(𝑦)] = [𝑓(𝑦)] ∙
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥

Example
𝑑𝑦
Solve for .
𝑑𝑥
5
1. 𝑦3 = 4𝑥 2 4. 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 𝑦
2. 𝑦4 − 5𝑦 3 + 4𝑥 3 − 11 = 0
3. 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 = cos 𝑥𝑦

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏.
𝑑 𝑑 Or 𝑫𝒙 (𝒚𝟑) = 𝑫𝒙 (𝟒𝒙𝟐)
( 1) (𝑦 3 ) = (4𝑥 2 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
3𝑦 2 = 8𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
3𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 8𝑥
=
3𝑦 2 3𝑦 2
𝑑𝑦 8𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 3𝑦 2

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
( 2) (𝑦 4 ) − (5𝑦 3 ) + (4𝑥 3 ) − (11) = ( 0)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
4𝑦 3 − 15𝑦 2 + 12𝑥 2 − 0 = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
4𝑦 3 − 15𝑦 2 = −12𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
(4𝑦 3 − 15𝑦 2 ) = −12𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
(4𝑦 3 − 15𝑦 2 ) −12𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 =
4𝑦 3 − 15𝑦 2 4𝑦 3 − 15𝑦 2
𝑑𝑦 −12𝑥 2
= 3
𝑑𝑥 4𝑦 − 15𝑦 2

(3) To solve for the derivative of 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 and 𝑥𝑦, use the Product Rule.

Let 𝑢1 = 𝑥 2 𝑣1 = 𝑦 2 𝑢2 = 𝑥 𝑣2 = 𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑢′1 = 2𝑥 𝑣1′ = 2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑢′2 = 1 𝑣2′ = 𝑑𝑥

2021.03.07 11:12:45 PM NDDU-IBED-F-081

 𝒅 𝟐 𝟐 𝑑𝑦 𝒅𝒚
(𝒙 𝒚 ) = 𝑢′1 𝑣1 + 𝑢 1 𝑣1′ = (2𝑥 )(𝑦 2 ) + (𝑥 2 ) (2𝑦 ) = 𝟐𝒙𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝒚
𝒅𝒙 𝑑𝑥 𝒅𝒙

Let 𝑢 = 𝑥𝑦, then

𝒅𝒖 𝑑 𝑑𝑦 𝒅𝒚
= (𝑥𝑦) = 𝑢′2 𝑣2 + 𝑢 2 𝑣2′ = (1)(𝑦) + (𝑥 ) ( ) = 𝒚 + 𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝒅𝒙

𝑑 2 2 𝑑
(𝑥 𝑦 ) = (cos 𝑥𝑦)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝒚 𝑑𝑢
𝟐𝒙𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝒚 = − sin 𝑢 ∙
𝒅𝒙 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝒅𝒚
2𝑥𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 2 𝑦 = − sin 𝑥𝑦 ∙ (𝒚 + 𝒙 )
𝑑𝑥 𝒅𝒙
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2𝑥𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 2 𝑦 = −𝑦 sin 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 sin 𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥 sin 𝑥𝑦 = −𝑦 sin 𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
(2𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥 sin 𝑥𝑦) = −𝑦 sin 𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 ( 2
2𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑥 sin 𝑥𝑦) −𝑦 sin 𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 2
𝑑𝑥 =
2𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥 sin 𝑥𝑦 2𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥 sin 𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝑦 −𝑦 sin 𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 2
=
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥 sin 𝑥𝑦

(4) Let 𝑢 = 𝑥𝑦 5. To find 𝑑𝑢 , use the Product Rule.

𝑑𝑥

Let 𝑢1 = 𝑥 𝑣1 = 𝑦 5
𝑑𝑦
𝑢′1 = 1 𝑣1′ = 5𝑦 4
𝑑𝑥

𝒅𝒖 𝑑 𝑑𝑦 𝒅𝒚
= (𝑥𝑦 5 ) = 𝑢′1 𝑣1 + 𝑢 1 𝑣1′ = (1)(𝑦 5 ) + (𝑥 ) (5𝑦 4 ) = 𝒚𝟓 + 𝟓𝒙𝒚𝟒
𝒅𝒙 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝒅𝒙

𝑑 𝑥𝑦5 𝑑 𝑑
(𝑒 ) = (𝑥 3 ) − ( 𝑦)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦
𝑒𝑢 ∙ = 3𝑥 2 − 1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
5 𝒅𝒚 𝑑𝑦
𝑒 𝑥𝑦 ∙ (𝒚𝟓 + 𝟓𝒙𝒚𝟒 ) = 3𝑥 2 −
𝒅𝒙 𝑑𝑥
5 5 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑦 5 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 + 5𝑥𝑦 4 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 −
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2021.03.07 11:12:45 PM NDDU-IBED-F-081
 5 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 5
5𝑥𝑦 4 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 + = 3𝑥 2 − 𝑦 5 𝑒 𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 5 5
(5𝑥𝑦 4 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 + 1) = 3𝑥 2 − 𝑦 5 𝑒 𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 4 𝑥𝑦5
(5𝑥𝑦 𝑒 + 1) 3𝑥 2 − 𝑦 5 𝑒 𝑥𝑦5
𝑑𝑥 =
5 5
5𝑥𝑦 4 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 + 1 5𝑥𝑦 4 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 + 1
5
𝑑𝑦 3𝑥 2 − 𝑦 5 𝑒 𝑥𝑦
=
𝑑𝑥 5𝑥𝑦 4 𝑒 𝑥𝑦5 + 1

RELATED RATES

This topic culminates derivatives. Related rates concerns quantities which change (either
increasing or decreasing) with time, and which are related by an equation.

Imagine a water droplet falling from a still pond, producing ripples that
spread away from the center. Ideally, the ripples are circular which
increase in radius (and in area) as time goes on. Hence, the radius
and area of a ripple is changing at rates that are related to each other.
This means that if we know how fast the radius is changing, we can
determine how fast the area is changing at any point in time, and vice
versa.

Note that derivative also means the rate of change. The sign
(positive/negative) of the derivative tells whether the function is
increasing or decreasing.

REMARK

Let 𝑥 be a differentiable function which represents a quantity that changes with time 𝑡, then

𝑑𝑥
▪ is the rate of change of 𝑥 with respect to 𝑡.
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥
▪ is positive if and only if 𝑥 increases with time; and
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥
▪ is negative if and only if 𝑥 decreases with time.
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑥 unit measurement of 𝑥
The unit of measurement of is .
𝑑𝑡 unit of measurement of 𝑡

2021.03.07 11:12:45 PM NDDU-IBED-F-081

 STEPS IN SOLVING RELATED RATES

𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 1. Define the variables starting with 𝑡

𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 2. Write down any numerical facts about the variables and their derivatives with respect to
𝑡; and what you wish to find.

𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 3. Write an equation to relate the variables.

𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 4. Differentiate both sides with respect to 𝑡. Use implicit differentiation.

𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑝 5. Write a conclusion.

Example 1
A ladder is 25 𝑓𝑡 long and leaning against a vertical wall as
shown in the figure below. The bottom of the ladder is pulled
horizontally away from the wall at 3 𝑓𝑡/𝑠𝑒𝑐. Suppose we
wish to determine how fast the top of the ladder is sliding
down the wall when the bottom is 15 𝑓𝑡 from the wall.

Solution.

Step 1:
𝒕 − the number of seconds elapsed since the ladder started
to slide down the wall.
𝒙 − the distance in 𝑓𝑡 from the bottom of the ladder to the wall at 𝑡 seconds.
𝒚 − the distance in 𝑓𝑡 from the ground to the top of the ladder at 𝑡 seconds.

Step 2:
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
= 3 𝑓𝑡/𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 = 15 𝑓𝑡 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑:
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

Step 3:
From the illustration, a right triangle is formed. So, the equation is
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 252
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟔𝟐𝟓
Step 4:
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
2𝑦 = −2𝑥
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

2021.03.07 11:12:45 PM NDDU-IBED-F-081

 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
2𝑦 𝑑𝑡 −2𝑥 𝑑𝑡 Check if all the variables have
= values. Refer to step 2. In this
2𝑦 2𝑦
case, 𝑦 has no value. Solve for
𝒅𝒙 𝑦 first using the equation in
𝒅𝒚 −𝒙 𝒅𝒕
= step 3 before you continue.
𝒅𝒕 𝒚
Before proceeding, solve for 𝑦 first using the equation in step 3.

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 625
152 + 𝑦 2 = 625
225 + 𝑦 2 = 625
𝑦 2 = 625 − 225
This implies that 𝑦 = 20 𝑓𝑡
𝑦 2 = 400

√𝑦 2 = √400
𝒚 = 𝟐𝟎
Going back to the solution,
𝑑𝑥 Substitute all the values.
𝑑𝑦 −𝑥 𝑑𝑡
=
𝑑𝑡 𝑦
𝑑𝑦 −(15 𝑓𝑡)(3 𝑓𝑡/𝑠𝑒𝑐 ) Since
𝑑𝑦
is negative, this means
= 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡 20 𝑓𝑡 that 𝑦 decreases as time goes
𝒅𝒚 by. But in the conclusion,
= −𝟐. 𝟐𝟓 𝒇𝒕/𝒔𝒆𝒄 always have the positive value.
𝒅𝒕
Step 5:
The top of the ladder is sliding down the wall at the rate of 2.25 𝑓𝑡/𝑠𝑒𝑐 when the bottom is 15 𝑓𝑡
from the wall.

Example 2
Two cars, one going due east at the rate of 90 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟 and the
other going due south at the rate of 60 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟, are traveling toward
the intersection of two roads. At what rate are the cars
approaching each other at the instant when the first car is 0.2 𝑘𝑚
and the second car is 0.15 𝑘𝑚 from the intersection.

Solution.

Step 1:
𝒕 − the number of hours elapsed since the two cars started traveling toward the intersection of
two roads.
𝒙 − the distance in 𝑘𝑚 of the first car from the intersection at 𝑡 hours.
𝒚 − the distance in 𝑘𝑚 of the second car from the intersection at 𝑡 hours.
𝒛 − the distance in 𝑘𝑚 of the two cars as they approach each other at 𝑡 hours.
2021.03.07 11:12:45 PM NDDU-IBED-F-081
Step 2:
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
= −90 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟 = −60 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟 𝑥 = 0.2 𝑘𝑚 𝑦 = 0.15 𝑘𝑚 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑:
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

Step 3:
From the illustration, a right triangle is formed. So, the equation is
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒛𝟐

Step 4:
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 2𝑧
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
2𝑥 𝑑𝑡 + 2𝑦 𝑑𝑡 2𝑧 𝑑𝑡 Check if all the variables have
=
2𝑧 2𝑧 values. Refer to step 2. In this
case, 𝑧 has no value. Solve for
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑥 𝑑𝑡 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑧 𝑧 first using the equation in
= step 3 before you continue.
𝑧 𝑑𝑡

Before proceeding, solve for 𝑦 first using the equation in step 3.

𝑥 2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑧2
(0.2)2 + (0.15)2 = 𝑧 2
0.04 + 0.225 = 𝑧 2
This implies that 𝑧 = 0.25 𝑘𝑚
0.0625 = 𝑧 2

√0.0625 = √𝑧 2
𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 = 𝒛
Substitute all the values.
Going back to the solution,
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑧 𝑥 𝑑𝑡 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑡
=
𝑑𝑡 𝑧
(0.2 𝑘𝑚)(−90 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟) + (0.15 𝑘𝑚)(−60 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟)
=
0.25 𝑘𝑚
𝑑𝑧
−18 𝑘𝑚2 /ℎ𝑟 + (−9 𝑘𝑚2 /ℎ𝑟) Since is negative, this means
= 𝑑𝑡
0.25 𝑘𝑚 that 𝑧 decreases as time goes
𝒅𝒛 by. But in the conclusion,
= −𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝒌𝒎/𝒉𝒓 always have the positive value.
𝒅𝒕

Step 5:
The two cars approach each other at the rate of 108𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟 at the instant when the first car is
0.2 𝑘𝑚 and the second car is 0.15 𝑘𝑚 from the intersection.

2021.03.07 11:12:45 PM NDDU-IBED-F-081

 Example 3
Water is flowing at the rate of 5 cubic meters/min into a tank in the form
of a cone of altitude 20 meters and base radius 10 meters and with its
vertex in the downward direction. How fast is the water level rising when
the water is 8 meters deep?

Solution.

Step 1:
𝒕 − the number of minutes elapsed since the water starts flowing into the tank.
𝑽 − the volume in cubic meters/min of the water at 𝑡 minutes.
𝒓 − the radius in meters of the surface of the water at 𝑡 minutes.
𝒉 − the depth in meters of the water in the tank at 𝑡 minutes.

Step 2:
𝑑𝑉 𝑑ℎ
= 5 𝑚3 /𝑚𝑖𝑛 ℎ=8𝑚 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑:
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

Step 3:
From the illustration, we have a cone. So, use the formula of the volume of cone.
𝟏 𝟐
𝑽= 𝝅𝒓 𝒉
𝟑
But then, 𝑟 has no indicated value. Derive 𝑟 using similar triangle.
𝑟 10
=
ℎ 20
20𝑟 = 10ℎ
20𝑟 10ℎ
=
20 20
ℎ
𝑟=
2

Substitute 𝑟 to the volume above.

𝟏 𝟐
𝑽= 𝝅𝒓 𝒉
𝟑
𝟏 𝒉 𝟐
= 𝝅 ) 𝒉
(
𝟑 𝟐
1 ℎ2
= 𝜋( )ℎ
3 4
𝟏
𝑽= 𝝅𝒉𝟑
𝟏𝟐

2021.03.07 11:12:45 PM NDDU-IBED-F-081

Step 4:
𝑑𝑉 1 𝑑ℎ
= 3 ( ) 𝜋ℎ2
𝑑𝑡 12 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑉 1 2 𝑑ℎ
= 𝜋ℎ
𝑑𝑡 4 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑉 1 2 𝑑ℎ
𝜋ℎ
𝑑𝑡 = 4 𝑑𝑡
1 2 1 2
𝜋ℎ 𝜋ℎ
4 4
𝑑𝑉
𝑑𝑡 = 𝑑ℎ
1 2 𝑑𝑡
𝜋ℎ
4
𝑑𝑉
4 𝑑𝑡 𝑑ℎ
=
𝜋ℎ2 𝑑𝑡
4(5 𝑚3 /𝑚𝑖𝑛) 𝑑ℎ
=
𝜋 (8 𝑚)2 𝑑𝑡
20 𝑚3 /𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑑ℎ
=
64𝜋 𝑚2 𝑑𝑡
𝟓 𝒅𝒉
𝒎/𝒎𝒊𝒏 =
𝟏𝟔𝝅 𝒅𝒕
Step 5:
5
The water level is rising at the rate of 𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛 when the water is 8 meters deep.
16𝜋

Example 4
A water droplet falls onto a still pond and creates concentric circular
ripples that propagate away from the center. Assuming that the area
of a ripple is increasing at the rate of 2𝜋 𝑐𝑚2 /𝑠, find the rate at which
the radius is increasing at the instant when the radius is 10 𝑐𝑚.

Solution.

Step 1:
𝒕 − the number of seconds elapsed since the droplet falls onto the still pond.
𝑨 − the area in square centimeters/s of the ripples at 𝑡 seconds.
𝒓 − the radius in centimeters of the ripples at 𝑡 seconds.

Step 2:
𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝑟
= 2𝜋 𝑐𝑚2 /𝑠 𝑟 = 10 𝑐𝑚 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑:
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

2021.03.07 11:12:45 PM NDDU-IBED-F-081

Step 3:
From the illustration, we have a circle. So, use the formula of the area of circle.
𝑨 = 𝝅𝒓𝟐
Step 4:
𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝑟
= 2𝜋𝑟
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝑟
𝑑𝑡 = 2𝜋𝑟 𝑑𝑡
2𝜋𝑟 2𝜋𝑟
𝑑𝐴
𝑑𝑡 = 𝑑𝑟
2𝜋𝑟 𝑑𝑡
2𝜋 𝑐𝑚2 /𝑠 𝑑𝑟
=
2𝜋 (10 𝑐𝑚) 𝑑𝑡
2𝜋 𝑐𝑚2 /𝑠 𝑑𝑟
=
20𝜋 𝑐𝑚 𝑑𝑡
𝟏 𝒅𝒓
𝒄𝒎/𝒔 =
𝟏𝟎 𝒅𝒕

Step 5:
1
The radius is increasing at the rate of 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 at the instant when the radius is 10 𝑐𝑚.
10

TIPS:

▪ Understand the problem very carefully and provide illustrations if possible.

▪ Have patience in solving.
▪ Keep on practicing. There are a lot of sample problems online.
▪ Perseverance is the key.

If any of you lacks wisdom, you should ask God, who gives generously to all
without finding fault, and it will be given to you.
~James 1:5
IV. Check your Understanding:
I. Find the derivatives of the following functions using the Chain Rule.

1. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = (5𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 11)150

7
2. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = √(7𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 + 22)5
3. 𝑦 = 𝑒 sin 𝑥
cos(𝑥 3 + 1)
4. 𝑦 =
sin 𝑥 2
5. 𝑦 = 𝑒 tan(3𝑥 3 ) − 8𝑥 5 ln(𝑥 + 1)
5𝑥

2021.03.07 11:12:45 PM NDDU-IBED-F-081

 𝑑𝑦
II. Find using implicit differentiation.
𝑑𝑥

6. 5𝑥 4 − 𝑦 3 = 𝑥 2 − 8
7. 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 2 = 1
8. sin(𝑥𝑦) = 𝑥 + 𝑦
9. 𝑥 = tan−1 𝑦
𝑥4
10. 𝑦 = 3
𝑦

III. Solve the following related rates.

11. Two automobiles start from a point 𝑨 at the same time. One travels west at 60 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟 and
the other travels north at 35 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟. How fast is the distance between the increasing 3 ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
later? [Hint: Use the formula 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = to find the distance.]
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

12. A balloon is being inflated at the rate of 15 𝑚3 /𝑚𝑖𝑛. At what rate is the diameter increasing
after 5 𝑚𝑖𝑛? Assume that the diameter is zero at time zero. [Use the hint in no. 11]
𝑥 cos(𝑥𝑦 ) − 1 𝑑𝑥
= 8.
1 − 𝑦 cos (𝑥𝑦) 𝑑𝑦
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥
= 7.
−2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
3𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥
= 6.
20𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑥+1
5. 𝑦 ′ = 5𝑒 5𝑥 tan (3𝑥 3 ) + 9𝑥 2 𝑒 5𝑥 sec 2 (3𝑥 3 ) − 40𝑥 4 ln (𝑥 + 1) −
8𝑥 5
15𝜋 sin2 𝑥 2
𝑚/𝑚𝑖𝑛 12. ඨ 4. 𝑦 ′ =
2 3 −3𝑥 2 sin(𝑥 3 + 1) sin 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 cos( 𝑥 3 + 1) cos 𝑥 2
11. 5√193 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟 3. 𝑦 ′ = 𝑒 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
3𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 𝑑𝑥 7 √(7𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 + 22) 2
= 10. 2. 𝑓′ (𝑥) = 7
𝑑𝑦 4𝑥 3 𝑦 105𝑥 2 − 45
𝑑𝑥
9. = 𝑦2 + 1 1. 𝑓′ (𝑥) = (1500𝑥 − 450 )(5𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 11) 149
𝑑𝑦
Answer Key:

V. Enrichment:
I. Find the derivative of the following functions using the Chain Rule.

1. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑒 cos𝑥 tan−1 5𝑥

10
cos 9𝑥 5
2. 𝑦 = ( )
8𝑥 − 1

𝑑𝑦
II. Find using implicit differentiation.
𝑑𝑥
3. 𝑥 7 𝑦 7 = 𝑥 7 − 𝑦 7
4. log 3 𝑥 = 5𝑦

2021.03.07 11:12:45 PM NDDU-IBED-F-081

 III. Solve the given related rates.

5. An airplane at an altitude of 3000 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠, flying horizontally at 300 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟, passes directly
over an observer. Find the rate at which it is approaching the observer when it is
5000 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 away.
VI. References/Materials:
Module 7
Scratch Paper
Scientific Calculator

Balmaceda, J. M. P.,(2016). Basic calculus. Philippines:EC-TEC Comercial pp.162-186

Pagala, R. and Valderama M., (2018). Basic calculus for senior high school. Philippines:
Mindshapers Co., Inc. pp.81-86,104-106

2021.03.07 11:12:45 PM NDDU-IBED-F-081

 NOTRE DAME OF DADIANGAS UNIVERSITY
Integrated Basic Education Department
Senior High School
Lagao, General Santos City

Basic Calculus

Student’s Name: ________________________________ Date Submitted: __________________

Grade & Section: ________________________________
Quarter: Finals Week No.: 9 – 10,12
Teacher/s: Janfebbiecarl D. Bolinguit; Hazel Mae S. Cañeda

Enrichment: Show the complete solution.

I. Find the derivative of the following functions using the Chain Rule.
1. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑒 cos𝑥 tan−1 5𝑥

10
cos 9𝑥 5
2. 𝑦 = ( )
8𝑥 − 1

2021.03.07 11:12:45 PM NDDU-IBED-F-081

 𝑑𝑦
II. Find using implicit differentiation.
𝑑𝑥

3. 𝑥 7 𝑦 7 = 𝑥 7 − 𝑦 7

4. log 3 𝑥 = 5𝑦

2021.03.07 11:12:45 PM NDDU-IBED-F-081

 III. Solve the given related rates.
5. An airplane at an altitude of 3000 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠, flying horizontally at 300 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟, passes directly over
an observer. Find the rate at which it is approaching the observer when it is 5000 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 away.

2021.03.07 11:12:45 PM NDDU-IBED-F-081