LSTC Adult Pedestrian Headform

User’s Guide

Version: LSTC.PEDESTRIAN_HEADFORM_ADULT.180601_V1.06.BETA.k
Date: June 13, 2018

Christoph Maurath Sommer

Mike Burger
Eric Day
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$ ____LSTC.PEDESTRIAN_HEADFORM_ADULT.180601_V1.06.BETA.k____ $
$ $
$ $
$ The subject model ("Model") has been developed by Livermore Software $
$ Technology Corporation (LSTC). The Model is based on: $
$ $
$ E/ECE/324/Rev.2/Add.126 $
$ E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.2/Add.126 $
$ ISO 14513:2016(E) $
$ $
$ The Model has been validated to the certification tests described in the $
$ regulation. Validation results can be found in the accompanying $
$ documentation. $
$ $
$ The Model is distributed free of charge to licensees of LSTC's LS-DYNA $
$ software who are current with their annual license fees (Annual License) $
$ or maintenance fees (Paid-up License). LSTC and its distributors hereby $
$ grant Model users a non-exclusive and non-transferable license to use the $
$ Model for their own internal business purposes. $
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$ As a condition for the free use of the Model, user agrees that it will not $
$ employ the Model or parts thereof outside the LS-DYNA environment. $
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$ Even though the Model is continuously updated and improved, each user is $
$ solely responsible for its own results. LSTC assume no responsibility $
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to thank The Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI), in particular Saurabh R.
Deshpande, Nachiket A. Kulkarni, and Rahul S. Mahajan for providing certification test data, details
about the physical headform, good advice, and very valuable feedback on the model. Without ARAI’s
help it would have been difficult if not impossible to create the Adult Pedestrian Headform model.

INTRODUCTION
The testing method that utilizes LSTC’s Adult Pedestrian Headform simulates the impact of an adult
head to the bonnet of a motorized road vehicle. The standardized testing procedure is provided by the
International Organization for Standardization. The testing method performed is unique to an adult
pedestrian. The headform model and testing method conform to UNECE regulations.

The mesh of the finite element model, LSTC Adult Pedestrian Headform, was developed by LSTC utilizing
TrueGrid meshing software. TrueGrid is a Hexahedral Mesh Generator for FEA and CFD analysis [1]. The
mesh is based on drawings for the mechanical parts.

Headform parts include: Skull, Skin, Accelerometer Block, and Back Plate. The outer skin of Pedestrian
Headform Version 1.06 has properties of *MAT_OGDEN_RUBBER. All other parts of the model are made
of material *MAT_RIGID.

The unit system used is mm-ms-kg-kN (see Appendix A for instructions on unit conversions).

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PEDESTRAIN HEADFORM REGULATIONS
In accordance with UNECE regulations the adult headform impactor shall be of homogenous
construction and be of spherical shape [2]. The mass shall be 4.5 ± 0.1kg. The moment of inertia about
an axis through the center of gravity and perpendicular to the direction of impact shall be within the
range of 0.010 to 0.013 kgm^2 [2]. Mass and inertial properties of the model meet UNECE requirements.
Total mass is equal to 4.58kg. Principle inertias equal 0.0115, 0.0114, and 0.0124 kgm^2. Detailed
inertial and mass properties of the LSTC Adult Pedestrian Headform as built are as listed:

m a s s p r o p e r t i e s o f b o d y
total mass of body = 0.45801983E+01
x-coordinate of mass center =-0.10348167E-01
y-coordinate of mass center =-0.10469246E-01
z-coordinate of mass center = 0.54217575E+02

inertia tensor of body

row1= 0.1150E+05 -0.1633E+00 -0.1138E-01
row2= -0.1633E+00 0.1141E+05 -0.1160E-01
row3= -0.1138E-01 -0.1160E-01 0.1240E+05

principal inertias of body

i11 = 0.1150E+05
i22 = 0.1141E+05
i33 = 0.1240E+05

principal directions
row1= 0.1000E+01 0.1856E-02 -0.1266E-04
row2= -0.1856E-02 0.1000E+01 -0.1176E-04
row3= 0.1264E-04 0.1178E-04 0.1000E+01

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CG LOCATION / INSTRUMENTATION
The CG of the headform is located at the center of the Accelerometer Block. The Head Accelerometer is
positioned on the Accelerometer Block, as shown in Figure 1. The local x-axis of the Head Accelerometer
is pointing down, and the local y-axis is pointing to the right. The Head Accelerometer is defined at a
single node: 33467. This is the node that should be monitored when processing acceleration data from
the nodout file.

Head Accelerometer:
Node 33467

Figure 1. Section View of Headform

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CALIBRATION
Standardized tests were performed to calibrate the headform. The headform impacted a rigid surface
with an initial velocity of 2.72m/s (corresponding to a drop height of 376mm) and a drop angle of 65
degrees to the horizontal [2]. Figure 2 and 3 display the testing method. The translational accelerations
were recorded from the Head Accelerometer node. During testing, the x,y, and z accelerations of the
headform model were measured on impact. The resultant acceleration was calculated.

An arbitrary node, not connected to the headform, was given translational accelerations obtained from
an existing, passing-grade test. This real world reference experienced the same testing procedure as
simulated in the LSTC Adult Headform. The acceleration time curves formed through testing are uni-
modal [2].

The measured FEA accelerations of the LSTC model were plotted against the existing reference
accelerations. Headform material parameters and testing variables were modified in order to better
match the FEA accelerations to that of the reference curves. The headform was calibrated on best fitting
the FEA accelerations to the reference data. The FEA translational accelerations plotted against the
reference accelerations as a function of time are available in Figures 4-6.

Figure 2. Adult Pedestrian Headform Testing Setup

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Figure 3. Adult Pedestrian Headform Impact with Rigid Surface

Figure 4. x-Acceleration versus Time

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Figure 5. y-Acceleration versus Time

Figure 6. z-Acceleration versus Time

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RESULTANT ACCELERATION
The FEA resultant acceleration is plotted against the reference node resultant acceleration in Figure 7. In
accordance with paragraph 3.3, when the headform impactors are dropped from a height of 376 ± 1mm
the peak resultant acceleration measured by one triaxial (or three uniaxial) accelerometer
(accelerometers) in the headform impactor shall be :

For the adult headform impactor not less than 225g and not more than 275g [2].

The Head Accelerometer read a maximum resultant acceleration of 258.87g. Table 1 compiles the
minimum and maximum allowable resultant accelerations, as well as the maximum FEA resultant
acceleration in units of g and mm/ms^2.

Figure 7. Resultant Acceleration versus Time

Min. FEA Resultant Acceleration Max.

225 g 258.87 g 275 g
2.21 mm/ms^2 2.539 mm/ms^2 2.70 mm/ms^2
Table 1. Allowable and Measured Resultant Acceleration

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REFERENCES
[1] “TrueGrid Gallery.” TrueGrid - Quality Hexahedral Mesh Generation, XYZ Scientific Applications, Inc.,
2015, www.truegrid.com/gallery.html.

[2] UNECE, “E /ECE/324/Rev.2/Add. 126 − E /ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.2/Add. 126.” United Nations, 7 Dec.

2013. www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/main/wp29/wp29regs/2015/R127e.pdf.

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APPENDIX A – Unit Transformation
Two input files are provided to help transform the headform into alternate unit systems. Running either
with produce a new file called dyna.inc which is the converted headform model. The working portion of
each file is listed below for reference. Please refer to the files themselves for an explanation of how the
scale factors (fctmas, fcttim, and fctlen) were derived.

Run Transform_mm-ms-kg_To_mm-s-tonne.k to convert the dummy to mm-s-tonne-N:

*KEYWORD
*INCLUDE_TRANSFORM
$# filename
LSTC.PEDESTRIAN_HEADFORM_ADULT.180601_V1.06.BETA.k
$# idnoff ideoff idpoff idmoff idsoff idfoff iddoff
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
$# idroff
0
$# fctmas fcttim fctlen fcttem incout1
0.001 0.001 1.000 1.000 1
$# tranid
0
*END

Run Transform_mm-ms-kg_To_English_Units.k to convert the dummy to English units:

*KEYWORD
*INCLUDE_TRANSFORM
$# filename
LSTC.PEDESTRIAN_HEADFORM_ADULT.180601_V1.06.BETA.k
$# idnoff ideoff idpoff idmoff idsoff idfoff iddoff
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
$# idroff
0
$# fctmas fcttim fctlen fcttem incout1
0.005708 0.001 0.03937 1.000 1
$# tranid
0
*END

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