Module 

2. Mathematical Language and Symbols 

 
This chapter will introduce you to some of the special language that is a foundation for much
mathematical thought, the language of variables, sets, relations, and functions. Think of the chapter like the
exercises you would do before an important sporting event. Its goal is to warm up your mental muscles so that
you can do your best. 
 
Welcome to this adventure! 
                             
 
LEARNING COMPASS 
 

At the end of the unit, the students will be able to:

 
1. discuss the language, symbols, and conversion of mathematics; 
2. explain the nature of mathematics as a language;
3. perform operations on mathematical expressions correctly; and
4. acknowledge that mathematics is a useful language.

LET’S BEGIN
 
Video watching on “Mathematical Language and Symbols” using this link:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=dwKfiXGdo1A&t=65s

1. Define Language?  - a systematic way of communication with other people use of sounds or conventions
symbols. Language is also a form of human communication consisting of any words or symbol, it also has many
deferent forms and types depend on the country you live in.

2.  Write at least 10 common symbols used in mathematics.

There are 7 commonly symbols
1. The ten digits
2. Operations
3. Sets
4. Variables
5. Special symbols
6. Logic symbols
7. Set Notations
10 common sample
1. divide ÷
2. addition +
3. multiplication x
4. subtraction –
5. equal sign =
6. greater than>
7. less than<
8. greater than or equal to ≥
 9. less than or equal to≤
10. Decimal point .

3. What is the importance of language? 

Importance of language was to communicate ideas to others. Language according to uoppeople write
a mathematical expression language is a vital part of human connections.
-

WE’RE ON OUR WAY 

1. Translate each sentence using the concepts learned in the videos and pdf files presented about
mathematical symbols.

a. 0 is an integer 
Integer is can be written without fractional number there are 2 sides of integers one is
negative integers and second is positive integers but 0 is both negative or positive integer

b. x belong to both sets a and b 

x is both elements of set a and b

c.x is an odd number

x is a variable that not yet known x will be odd if the number will not be divided by 2
write a mathematical expression
d. the square of the sum of x and y is not more than 20 
(x+y)²< 20

e. the sum of two consecutive numbers is 31 

x + x + 1 =30
2x=30
X=15

2. Choose a quantity to be represented by the variables, then write a mathematical expression for each 
a. Jelia’s age is 28 
The distance traveled by a man driving at a rate of 60 kph 
Jelia = J
Distance traveled by a man driving = D
J=28 D=60 kph
b. The perimeter of a triangle whose length is twice the width 
The sum of three consecutive even integers
P= (L x 2) W³

c. A three-digit number whose hundreds is twice the tens digit and the tens are 3 more than the unit
digit.  

LET’S DIG DEEPER 

 
Interactive Lecture Discussion on the “Mathematical Language and Symbols” using the links below.   
 a. Characteristics of a Mathematical Language: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xvwhKiEiHLs;
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Nqjw3ljTFQ; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M7xYj7cAzog
b. Introduction to sets: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vGelH3Jibt4

 
HOW FAR HAVE WE GONE? 

After the thorough discussion, please do the following questions: 

1. Determine whether each of the sentences below is a proposition or not. 
a. All multiples of 5 are odd numbers. 
Proposition
b. X is a real number 
Proposition

c. Sketch the graph of f 

Not proposition

d. Five is greater than four. 

Proposition

e. The sun is shining.

Proposition

2. State whether or not the following are propositions. In case of a proposition, indicate if it is true or
false 
a. All perfect squares are even numbers.
False proposition
b. Every decimal number is a rational number.
False proposition
If 2x + 7 = x then x=7 
The sum of two real numbers is a real number
The function F 
True proposition

 WALK THE EXTRA MILE

 
Assessing my understanding about Mathematical Language and Symbols. Please be guided with the following
questions: 
 
1. Let p and q are the propositions “the election is decided” and “the votes have been counted”
respectively. Express each of these compound propositions as an English sentence. 
a. Not p 
The election is not decided and the votes have been counted
b. Q implies p 
The votes have been counted which implies that the election is decided
c. P if and only if q 
The election will be decided if only the votes have been counted/
d. P or q 
Wither the election is decided or the votes have been counted.
e. Not q implies not p 
The election is not decided when the votes have not yet counted.
 2. Write these propositions in symbols using p, q, and r and logical connectives. 

a. You get a 95 in math, but you do not do every assignment in the class 
p= you get 95 in math
q = assignment in class

P not q

b. You get a 95 on the final examination, you do every assignment in the class and you get 95 in math 
To get a 95 in math, it is necessary for you to get 95 on the final examination 

P = 95 in final examination
Q= you do every assignment
R = 95 in math

P If Q implies R, R implies Q

EXTENSION OF LEARNING

Please answer all the activities provided below:

A. Indicate which of the following verbal descriptions defines a set.

1. The collection of all good- looking students in San Sebastian College.

collection of all good- looking students

2. The provinces of the Philippines.

provinces of the Philippines

3. The collection of all students who can answer a word problem.

collection of all students

4. The list of subjects offered every semester in Mandaue City College.

list of subjects offered every semester

5. The list of honest senators in the Philippines Senate.

list of honest senators

B. List the elements of the following sets.

1. A = {y│y an integer, -1≤ y< 4
A= { -1,0,1,2,3,4}
A = -1 ∈ A, 0 ∈ A, 1 ∈ A, 2 ∈A, 3 ∈A, 4 ∈ A,
2. C = { h│h a positive integer, h2≤ 5}

3. E = {x│x a letter in the word volleyball}

E={ V,O,L,E,Y,B,A}
E= V ∈ E, O ∈ E, L ∈ E, E ∈ E, Y ∈E, B ∈ E, A ∈ E,
 5. B = {r│r is an integer that s2 = 5}
B= {5}
B= 5 ∈ B
6. D = {x│x is a set of continents of the world}
D= { Asia, Europe, North America, Antarctica, South America, Africa, Oceana

Asia ∈ D, Europe ∈D, North America ∈D, Antarctica ∈D, South America ∈D, Africa ∈ D, Oceana ∈ D

C. Write the following sets in roster method.

1. E = {x│x a letter in the word heart} -->
E = {H,E,A,R,T}

2.E = {x│xɛ integers between 1 and 10} -->

E={2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}

3. E = {x│x + 2 = 5} -->
E= {5}

4. E is the set of months with 31 days. --->

E= {JANUARY, MARCH, MAY, JULY, AUGUST, OCTOBER, DECEMBER}

5. G is the set of letters from a toe. -->

G= {T, O, E}

D. Write the following sets in rule method.

1. A = {2,4, 6…} ->
A = {x|x x ≤ 2}
2. B= {autumn, winter, summer, fall} -->
B = {x|x is seasons in southern and northern hemispheres}
3. C = {Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, Quezon} -->
C ={x|x are a provinces in Calabarzon}
4. D = {DepEd, TESDA, CHED} -->
D= {x|x is the 3 sectors who focuses in education in Philippines}
5. E = {Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday} -->
E= {x|x the name of days in a week}
E. Identify whether the following are Finite, Infinite, or Empty set.
1. The set of first even whole numbers. FINITE

2. The set of letters in the word empty. FINITE

3. The set of positive odd numbers. INFINITE

4. The set of consonants in the English Alphabet. FINITE

5. The set of mayors in the National Capital Region. FINITE

6. The set of fractions in integer. INFINITE

7. The set of parallel lines to the y-axis. EMPTY SET

8. The set of circles through the origin (0,0). EMPTY SET

9. The set of even prime numbers. INFINITE

 10. The set of months in a year. FINITE

F. Give the domain and range of each relation.

Domain Range

1. (1,2), (5,0), (0, -2), ( -3, 4) [-3,5] [4,-2]

2. (-4,6), (4,0), ( -3, -1), (5,2) [-4,5] [-1,6]
3. (0,4), (-5,1), (-3, -2), ( 3, -5) [-5,3] [-5,4]

G. Determine whether the following equations are function or not.

1. y=x function

2. y = x2 + 1 function

3. x2 = y+ 1 function

4. y=│x + 2│function

5. y= x3 + 4x + 1 function

6. x2 + y2 =9 not function

7. x2 -4 y2 = 36 not function

8. 3x +5 = 2y + 1 function

9. y= │x -1│ function

10. x2-4x = y2 -3x not function

H. Determine which of the following sentences is proposition or non-propositions.

1. 3 + 8 = 10
proposition

2.x2= x for some x ɛ Real Numbers.

Not proposition

3.y + z = z + y for every pair of real numbers y a

proposition

4. X + 8 = 6 if x = 2.
proposition

5. There is air pollution in Marikina City.

Proposition

6. Today is Sunday.
proposition

7. Write this neatly.

not proposition
 8. Do not lock the door.
not proposition

9. a+ b = b + c if c = a
not proposition

10. Jose Rizal is a former Philippine President.

proposition

11. There are 5 typhoons in the month of July.

Proposition

12. Give me back my wallet.

not proposition

13. Please come home tomorrow.

not proposition

14. AC plays basketball.

not proposition

15. Jollibee is an American fast-food chain.

proposition

16. Philippines is the “Pearl of the Orient”.

not proposition

17. The garden is in front of the house.

not proposition

18. Turn on the television.

not proposition

19. How many days are there in January?

not proposition

20. The boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius.

proposition

REFERENCES

Online Resources
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dwKfiXGdo1A&t=65s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xvwhKiEiHLs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Nqjw3ljTFQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M7xYj7cAzog
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vGelH3Jibt4

Book
Sirug, Winston S. Mathematics in the Modern World: A CHED General Education Curriculum Compliant,
Minshapers Company, Incorporated; 2018