‫ﺣﻤﺎد و ﺁﺧﺮون‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ دﻳﺎﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﺰراﻋﻴﺔ ‪2013 ، 222 – 213 : ( 2 ) 5 ،‬‬

‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﺮي وﻣﻐﻨﻄﺘﻬﺎ واﻟﻨﻘﻊ ﺑﺤﺎﻣﺾ اﻻﺳﻜﻮرﺑﻴﻚ واﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ اﻟﺒﺤﺮي)‪( OLIGO-X‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ إﻧﺒﺎت وﻧﻤﻮ ﺑﺎدرات ﺑﺬور هﺠﻴﻦ اﻟﺨﻴﺎر ‪ DALIA‬اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﺰراﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﻋﺎﺻﻲ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ *‬ ‫ﺿﻴﺎء ﻋﺒﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ **‬ ‫ﺣﻤﻴﺪ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﺣﻤﺎد*‬
‫*ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺒﺴﺘﻨﺔ وهﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﺤﺪاﺋﻖ ‪ -‬آﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ دﻳﺎﻟﻰ ‪Drhsh57@Yahoo.com.‬‬
‫**ﻗﺴﻢ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ واﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ – آﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ – ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ دﻳﺎﻟﻰ ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺬت اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻢ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻔﻲ ﻟﻌﺎم ‪ 2012‬وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻬﺪف دراﺳﺔ أﺛﺮ آﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻐﻨﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ و ﻣﻠﻮﺣﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫وﻧﻘﻊ اﻟﺒﺬور ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻘﻄﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻣﺾ اﻻﺳﻜﻮرﺑﻴﻚ واﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ اﻟﺒﺤﺮي )‪ (OLIGO-X‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ وﻧﺴﺒﺔ إﻧﺒﺎت اﻟﺒﺬور وﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﺨﻀﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺎدرات ﻋﻨﺪ زراﻋﺔ ﺑﺬور اﻟﺨﻴﺎر ﺻﻨﻒ داﻟﻴﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﻮت اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﻨﺖ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ أن ﻣﻐﻨﻄﺔ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﺮي ﺳﺒﺒﺖ زﻳﺎدة ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ وﻧﺴﺒﺔ إﻧﺒﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺒﺬور‪ ,‬ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﻮروﻓﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻷوراق اﻟﻔﻠﻘﻴﺔ ‪ .‬اﻟﺮي ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﺎﻟﺢ ‪ 2.12‬دﻳﺴﻴﺴﻤﻨﺰ‪.‬م‪ 1-‬ﺳﺒﺐ اﻧﺨﻔﺎﺿﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻹﻧﺒﺎت ﺑﻠﻎ ‪ % 3.72‬ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎدي ‪ 0.54‬دﻳﺴﻴﺴﻤﻨﺰ‪.‬م‪ ، 1-‬وان ﻣﻐﻨﻄﺔ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻹﻧﺒﺎت ﺑﻤﻘﺪار ‪ . % 4.26‬ﻧﻘﻊ اﻟﺒﺬور ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ اﻟﺒﺤﺮي ﺳﺒﺐ زﻳﺎدة ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬
‫وﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻹﻧﺒﺎت ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﺴﺎق وﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﻮروﻓﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻷوراق اﻟﻔﻠﻘﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ اﻟﻨﻘﻊ ﺑﺤﺎﻣﺾ اﻷﺳﻜﻮرﺑﻚ‬
‫أﻋﻄﻰ زﻳﺎدة ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ وﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻹﻧﺒﺎت ﻓﻘﻂ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻘﻄﺮ ‪ .‬اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻹﻧﺒﺎت اﻟﺒﺬور‬
‫آﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺮي ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻂ اﻟﻌﺎدي ‪ 0.54‬دﻳﺴﻴﺴﻤﻨﺰ‪ 1-.‬واﻟﻨﻘﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ اﻟﺒﺤﺮي ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺮي‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻂ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﺢ واﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﺤﺎﻣﺾ اﻷﺳﻜﻮرﺑﻴﻚ إذ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻟﻜﻼهﻤﺎ ‪ ، % 95.1‬واﻗﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺮي‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻂ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﺢ واﻟﻨﻘﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻘﻄﺮ وﺑﻠﻐﺖ ‪.% 80.2‬‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﻣﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ‪،‬ﻣﻐﻨﻄﺔ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ‪،‬ﻧﻘﻊ ﺑﺬور ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻘﻄﺮ‪،‬اﻻﺳﻜﻮرﺑﻚ واﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ اﻟﺒﺤﺮي ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺒ ﻊ اﻟﺨﻴ ـﺎر ‪ Cucumis sativus L.‬اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠ ﺔ اﻟﻘ ـﺮﻋﻴﺔ ‪ Cucurbitaceae‬وﺗﻀ ﻢ ﺣ ﻮاﻟﻲ ‪90‬‬
‫ﺟﻨﺴًﺎ وأآﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 750‬ﻧﻮﻋًﺎ وﻳﻌﺪ اﻟﺨﻴﺎر ﻣﻦ أهﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وهﻮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ واﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮﺑ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻌ ﺮاق وﺗﺤﺘ ﻮي ﺛﻤ ﺮة اﻟﺨﻴ ﺎر ﻋﻠ ﻰ ‪ % 0.4‬ﺑ ﺮوﺗﻴﻦ‪ % 0.1 ،‬ده ﻦ‪ % 2.8 ،‬آﺎرﺑﻮهﻴ ﺪرات و ‪% 0.3‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ واﻟﻘﻠﻴ ﻞ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻔﻴﺘﺎﻣﻴﻨ ﺎت )‪ .(1966 ،Chakravarty‬ﺗﻌ ﺪ اﻟﻬﻨ ﺪ اﻟﻤ ﻮﻃﻦ اﻷﺻ ﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﻴ ﺎر إذ‬
‫وﺟ ﺪ ﻓﻴﻬ ﺎ ﺑﺸ ﻜﻞ ﺑ ﺮي ﻗﺒ ﻞ أآﺜ ﺮ ﻣ ﻦ ‪ 3000‬ﻋ ﺎم‪ ،‬وان اﻏﻠ ﺐ أﺻ ﻨﺎﻓﻪ وﺣﻴ ﺪة اﻟﺠ ﻨﺲ واﻟﻤﺴ ﻜﻦ‬
‫)‪ (Monoecious‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺸﻮء اﻷزهﺎر آﺎﻣﻠﺔ إﻻ أن اﺣﺪ أﻋﻀﺎﺋﻬﺎ اﻟﺠﻨﺴﻴﺔ هﻮ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺘﻄﻮر‬
‫وﻳﻀ ﻤﺮ اﻟﻌﻀ ﻮ اﻷﺧ ﺮ ﻓﺘﻜ ﻮن اﻟﺰه ﺮة أﻣ ﺎ أﻧﺜﻮﻳ ﺔ أو ذآﺮﻳ ﺔ‪ ،‬وه ﻮ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺻ ﻴﻞ ﺧﻠﻄﻴ ﺔ اﻟﺘﻠﻘ ﻴﺢ ﺟﺰﺋﻴ ًﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋ ﻦ ﻧﺠ ﺎح زراﻋﺘ ﻪ‬ ‫)ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‪ ، (1983 ،‬وﺗﻨﺠﺢ زراﻋﺘ ﻪ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻌ ﺮاق ﻓ ﻲ ﻋ ﺮوﺗﻴﻦ رﺑﻴﻌﻴ ﺔ وﺧﺮﻳﻔﻴ ﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ً‬
‫داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂت اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺷﺘﺎءًا ﻟﺬا ﻓﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﻮاق ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻓﺼﻮل اﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑ ﻴﻦ ‪ (1993) Kronenberg‬أن اﻟﻤﺠ ﺎل اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴ ﻲ ﻳ ﺆﺛﺮ ﻓ ﻲ زاوﻳ ﺔ ارﺗﺒ ﺎط اﻟﻬﻴ ﺪروﺟﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻷوآﺴﺠﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﺎء ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ إﻟﻰ ْ‪ 103‬وهﺬا ﻳ ﺆدي إﻟ ﻰ ﺗﻜ ﻮﻳﻦ ﻣﺠ ﺎﻣﻴﻊ ﻋﻨﻘﻮدﻳ ﺔ ﺗﺘﻜ ﻮن ﻣ ﻦ‬
‫‪ 7–6‬ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎت ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪ 12-10‬ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ وأن اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻣﻴﻊ اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮة ﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌ ﺎت اﻟﻤ ﺎء اﻟﻤﺘﻜﻮﻧ ﺔ‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻀﻪ اﻟﻰ ﻣﺠﺎل ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺗﻘﻮد إﻟﻰ اﻣﺘﺼﺎص أﻓﻀﻞ ﻣ ﻦ ﻗﺒ ﻞ اﻟﻨﺒ ﺎت ودﺧ ﻮل أﺳ ﺮع ﻣ ﻦ ﺧ ﻼل‬
‫اﻟﺸﻌﻴﺮات اﻟﺠﺬرﻳﺔ‪ .‬وأآﺪ ذﻟﻚ ‪ Colic‬و ﺁﺧ ﺮون )‪ (1998‬إذ ﺑﻴﻨ ﻮا ان ﻟﺰوﺟ ﺔ اﻟﻤ ﺎء اﻟﻤﻌ ﺎﻟﺞ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴ ﻴًﺎ ﻗ ﺪ‬
‫اﻧﺨﻔﻀ ﺖ ﺑﻤﻘ ﺪار ‪ ،% 40-30‬وﻋﻠﻠ ﻮا ﺳ ﻬﻮﻟﺔ اﺧﺘ ﺮاق اﻟﻤ ﺎء اﻟﻤﻌ ﺎﻟﺞ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴ ﻴًﺎ ﻟﻸﻏﺸ ﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﻠﻮﻳ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺒ ﺎت‬
‫وزﻳﺎدة ﻧﻔﺎذﻳﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﻰ ﺻﻐﺮ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻣﻴﻊ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺞ‪.‬‬
‫آﻤﺎ ﻗﺎم آﻞ ﻣ ﻦ ‪ Hilal‬و ‪ (2004) Helal‬ﺑﺪراﺳ ﺔ ﺗ ﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺛ ﻼث ﻧﻮﻋﻴ ﺎت ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻤﻴ ﺎﻩ ‪ :‬ﻣﻴ ﺎﻩ ﻧﻬ ﺮ وﻣﻴ ﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﺑﺘﺮآﻴﺰ ‪ 5000‬ﺟﺰء ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻠﻴﻮن وأﺧﺮى ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮآﻴﺰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ‪ 5000‬ﺟﺰء ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻠﻴﻮن ﻣﻤﻐﻨﻄﺔ ﻓﻲ إﻧﺒﺎت وﻧﻤﻮ‬
‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﺳﺘﻼم اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪. 2013 / 9 / 2‬‬
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 ‫ﺣﻤﺎد و ﺁﺧﺮون‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ دﻳﺎﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﺰراﻋﻴﺔ ‪2013 ، 222 – 213 : ( 2 ) 5 ،‬‬

‫ﺑ ﺎدرات اﻟﺨﻴ ﺎر ‪ ،‬اﻟﺤﻨﻄ ﺔ ‪ ،‬اﻟﻔﻠﻔ ﻞ ووﺟ ﺪ ان اﻟﻤﻴ ﺎﻩ اﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻄ ﺔ أدت اﻟ ﻰ زﻳ ﺎدة ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﻌ ﺪﻻت اﻹﻧﺒ ﺎت ﺑﻨﺴ ﺒﺔ‬
‫‪ %86‬ﻟﻠﺨﻴﺎر و‪ %100‬ﻟﻠﺤﻨﻄﺔ و ‪ %200‬ﻟﻠﻔﻠﻔﻞ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎ ﺑﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻘ ﺪ ﺑ ﻴﻦ اﻟﺸ ﺤﺎت )‪ (1989‬ان ﻣﻨﻈﻤ ﺎت اﻟﻨﻤ ﻮ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗ ﺎت ﺗ ﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺣﻴﻮﻳ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺬور واﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ه ﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒ ﺎت وﺑﻨ ﺎء ﻣﺮآﺒ ﺎت ﻣﺸ ﺎﺑﻬﺔ ﻟﻬ ﺎ ‪ .‬وأدت ه ﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼ ﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻰ ﺗﺸ ﺠﻴﻊ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴ ﺎت اﻟﻔﺴ ﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﺒ ﺬور وآﺴ ﺮ ﻃ ﻮر اﻟﺴ ﻜﻮن )ﻗﻄ ﺐ ‪ . (1981،‬ﻳﻌ ﺪ اﻻوآﺴ ﻴﻦ ﻣ ﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺬور إذ ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺤﻔﻴﺰ اﻹﻧﺒﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮاآﻴﺰ اﻟﻮاﻃﺌﺔ وﻳﺜﺒﻂ اﻹﻧﺒﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮاآﻴ ﺰ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ‬
‫) ‪ Khan‬و‪ .( 1966 ، Tolpert‬إن ﻣﻌﻈ ﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼ ﺎت اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻴ ﺔ ﺗﺤﺘ ﻮي ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻣﺮآﺒ ﺎت ﻟﻬ ﺎ اﻟﻘ ﺪرة ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻔﻴﺰ أﻧﺰﻳﻢ ‪ proteinase‬اﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﻠﻞ اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻴﻨﺎت ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﺪء اﻹﻧﺒﺎت)‪ Turk‬و‪( 2002، Tawala‬‬
‫وﻳﻌﺘﻘ ﺪ أﻧﻬ ﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴ ﺔ آﻴﻤﻮﺣﻴﻮﻳ ﺔ ﻣﻌﻘ ﺪة ﻳﻨ ﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻬ ﺎ اﻟﻨﺸ ﺎ‪ ،‬اﻷﺣﻤ ﺎض اﻟﻨﻮوﻳ ﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻴﻨ ﺎت واﻟﺴ ﻜﺮﻳﺎت‬
‫) ‪.(1979، Moor‬‬
‫آﻤﺎ أوﺿﺢ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ )‪ (1995‬إن ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼ ﺎت ﺗﻌﻤ ﻞ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺗﺸ ﺠﻴﻊ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻋ ﺎت اﻟﺠﺬرﻳ ﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﺣﺘﻮاﺋﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﺎﻳﺘﻮآﺎﻳﻨﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻔ ﺰة ﻟﻨﻤ ﻮ اﻟﺠ ﺬور اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴ ﺔ ودور ه ﺬﻩ اﻟﺠ ﺬور ﻓ ﻲ اﻣﺘﺼ ﺎص‬
‫وﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﺨﻀﺮي ‪.‬‬
‫إن ﻟﺤ ﺎﻣﺾ اﻻﺳ ﻜﻮرﺑﻚ ذي اﻟﺼ ﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ )‪ (C6H8O6‬دورا ﻓ ﻲ إﻧﺒ ﺎت اﻟﺒ ﺬور وﺗﺤﺴ ﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﻤ ﻮ‬
‫اﻟﺨﻀ ﺮي ﻟﻠﻨﺒﺎﺗ ﺎت وزﻳ ﺎدة ﺗﺤﻤﻠﻬ ﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻮﺣ ﺔ اﻟﺰاﺋ ﺪة )‪ Sinha‬وﺁﺧ ﺮون ‪ 1975 ،‬؛ ‪ Rai‬وﺁﺧ ﺮون‬
‫‪ .(1977،‬ﻳﻌﻤ ﻞ ﺣ ﺎﻣﺾ اﻻﺳ ﻜﻮرﺑﻴﻚ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺣﻤﺎﻳ ﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗ ﺎت ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﺘ ﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻟﻀ ﺎرة ﻟ ﻸوزون داﺧ ﻞ اﻟﺨﻠﻴ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻴ ﺔ ‪ ،‬إذ أن اﻟﺘﺮاآﻴ ﺰ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ اﻷوزون ﺗﺘﻠ ﻒ اﻟﺨﻼﻳ ﺎ ﻣ ﻦ ﺧ ﻼل أآﺴ ﺪة ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﻬ ﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜ ﻦ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗ ﺎت ﻗ ﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻤﻲ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮات ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ زﻳﺎدة ﺗﺮآﻴ ﺰ ﺣ ﺎﻣﺾ اﻻﺳ ﻜﻮرﺑﻴﻚ ﻓ ﻲ ﺟ ﺪران اﻟﺨﻼﻳ ﺎ وﺑﺎﻟﺘ ﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ دﺧﻮل اﻷوزون إﻟﻰ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬا ﻳﻌ ﺪ ﺣ ﺎﻣﺾ اﻻﺳ ﻜﻮرﺑﻴﻚ وﺳ ﻴﻠﺔ دﻓﺎﻋﻴ ﺔ ﺿ ﺪ اﻷوزون‬
‫وﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮاﺗﻪ اﻟﻀﺎرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت )‪ Barth‬وﺁﺧﺮون ‪. ( 2006 ،‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻮاد وﻃﺮاﺋﻖ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬

‫ﻧﻔﺬت اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﻓ ﻲ أﻃﺒ ﺎق ﻓﻠﻴﻨﻴ ﺔ ﺳ ﻌﺔ ‪ 209‬ﺷ ﺘﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺳ ﻢ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻔ ﻲ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻌ ﺎم ‪ 2012‬وذﻟ ﻚ ﺑﻬ ﺪف‬
‫دراﺳﺔ أﺛﺮ آﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻐﻨﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ وﻣﻠﻮﺣﺘﻬﺎ وﻧﻘﻊ اﻟﺒﺬور ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻘﻄﺮ ‪ ،‬اﻻﺳﻜﻮرﺑﻴﻚ و اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻀﻮي ﻓﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ وﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻹﻧﺒﺎت وﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﺨﻀ ﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﺒ ﺎدرات ﺑ ﺬور هﺠ ﻴﻦ اﻟﺨﻴ ﺎر داﻟﻴ ﺎ اﻟﺨ ﺎص‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﻮت اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ )‪ .(F1‬ﺗﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺒﺘﻤﻮس )أﻟﻤﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ( آﻮﺳﻂ زراﻋﻲ وﺿﻊ داﺧﻞ أﻃﺒﺎق ﻓﻠ ﻴﻦ ﺳ ﻌﺔ‬
‫‪ 209‬ﺷﺘﻠﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻃﺒﻖ وزرﻋﺖ اﻟﺒﺬور ﺑﺘﺄرﻳﺦ ‪. 2012-10-2‬‬
‫ﺗﻀﻤﻨﺖ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ دراﺳﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ هﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻷول ‪:‬ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﻐﻨﻄ ﺔ ‪ A‬وﺑﻤﺴ ﺘﻮﻳﻴﻦ ﻣ ﺎء ﻏﻴ ﺮ ﻣﻤﻐ ﻨﻂ ‪ A1‬وﻣ ﺎء ﻣﻤﻐ ﻨﻂ ﺑﺸ ﺪة ‪ 1500‬آ ﺎوس‬
‫‪ A2‬إذ ﺗﻤﺖ ﻣﻐﻨﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻘﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﻤﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ داﺧﻞ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺜ ﺎﻧﻲ ‪ :‬ﻋﺎﻣ ﻞ ﻣﻠﻮﺣ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻴ ﺎﻩ ‪ B‬إذ اﺳ ﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﺴ ﺘﻮﻳﻴﻦ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻤﻴ ﺎﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴ ﺎﻩ ري ﻋﺬﺑ ﺔ )‪ (B1‬ﻗﻴﻤ ﺔ‬
‫‪ EC‬ﻟﻬﺎ = ‪ 0.54‬دﻳﺴﻴﺴﻤﻨﺰ‪.‬م‪ )1-‬ﻣﻴﺎﻩ دﺟﻠﺔ( واﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻴ ﺎﻩ ري ﻣﺎﻟﺤ ﺔ)‪ (B2‬إذ آﺎﻧ ﺖ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤ ﺔ ‪ 2.12= EC‬دﻳﺴﻴﺴ ﻤﻨﺰ‪.‬م‪ 1-‬وﻳ ﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻀ ﻴﺮهﺎ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴ ﺎ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻤﻴ ﺎﻩ اﻷوﻟ ﻰ وإﺿ ﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻠ ﺢ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﻘﻌﺎت إذ ﺗﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺮآﻴﺰ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻣﺨﺘﺒﺮﻳﺎ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪ 1.4‬ﻏﻢ ‪/‬ﻟﺘﺮ ﻣﺎء‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ :‬ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻘﻊ اﻟﺒﺬور وﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺛﻼث ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت هﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫أ‪ -‬اﻟﻨﻘﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻘﻄﺮ) ‪.( S1‬‬
‫ب‪ -‬اﻟﻨﻘﻊ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻜﻮرﺑﻚ أﺳﺪ )‪ (S2‬وﺑﺘﺮآﻴﺰ ‪ 0.2‬ﻏﻢ‪/‬ﻟﺖ ) ‪ 200‬ﺟﺰء ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻠﻴﻮن (‪.‬‬
‫ت‪ -‬اﻟﻨﻘﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ اﻟﻌﻀﻮي ‪ ( S3) OLIGO-X‬وﺑﺘﺮآﻴﺰ ‪1‬ﻣﻞ‪/‬ﻟﺘﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻢ اﻟﻨﻘﻊ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺸﺎش اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل اﻟﻨﻘﻊ آﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪة وﻟﻤﺪة ‪12‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫وﺗﻀﻤﻨﺖ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ‪ 12‬ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ و ‪ 36‬وﺣﺪة ﺗﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ واﺣﺘﻮت آﻞ وﺣﺪة ﺗﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 27‬ﺑﺬرة ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ هﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺮي ﺑﻤﺎء ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﻐ ﻨﻂ ﻋ ﺎدي )‪ 0.54‬دﻳﺴﻴﺴ ﻤﻨﺰ‪.‬م ( ﻣ ﻊ ﻧﻘ ﻊ اﻟﺒ ﺬور ﺑﺎﻟﻤ ﺎء اﻟﻤﻘﻄ ﺮ ‪A1B1S1‬‬
‫)ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ( ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺣﻤﺎد و ﺁﺧﺮون‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ دﻳﺎﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﺰراﻋﻴﺔ ‪2013 ، 222 – 213 : ( 2 ) 5 ،‬‬

‫‪ -2‬اﻟﺮي ﺑﻤﺎء ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﻐﻨﻂ ﻋﺎدي )‪ 0.54‬دﻳﺴﻴﺴﻤﻨﺰ‪.‬م‪ (1-‬ﻣﻊ ﻧﻘﻊ اﻟﺒﺬور ﺑﺤﺎﻣﺾ اﻷﺳﻜﻮرﺑﻚ ‪.A1B1S2‬‬
‫‪ -3‬اﻟ ﺮي ﺑﻤ ﺎء ﻏﻴ ﺮ ﻣﻤﻐ ﻨﻂ ﻋ ﺎدي )‪ 0.54‬دﻳﺴﻴﺴ ﻤﻨﺰ‪.‬م‪ (1-‬ﻣ ﻊ ﻧﻘ ﻊ اﻟﺒ ﺬور ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴ ﺘﺨﻠﺺ اﻟﻌﻀ ﻮي‬
‫‪. A1B1S3‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬
‫‪ -4‬اﻟﺮي ﺑﻤﺎء ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﻐﻨﻂ ﻣﺎﻟﺢ )‪ 2.12‬دﻳﺴﻴﺴﻤﻨﺰ‪.‬م ( ﻣﻊ ﻧﻘﻊ اﻟﺒﺬور ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻘﻄﺮ ‪.A1B2S1‬‬
‫‪ -5‬اﻟﺮي ﺑﻤﺎء ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﻐﻨﻂ ﻣﺎﻟﺢ )‪ 2.12‬دﻳﺴﻴﺴﻤﻨﺰ‪.‬م‪ (1-‬ﻣﻊ ﻧﻘﻊ اﻟﺒﺬور ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻜﻮرﺑﻚ ‪. A1B2S2‬‬
‫‪ -6‬اﻟﺮي ﺑﻤﺎء ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﻐﻨﻂ ﻣﺎﻟﺢ )‪ 2.12‬دﻳﺴﻴﺴﻤﻨﺰ‪.‬م‪ (1-‬ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨﻘﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ اﻟﻌﻀﻮي ‪. A1B2S3‬‬
‫‪ -7‬اﻟﺮي ﺑﻤﺎء ﻣﻤﻐﻨﻂ ﻋﺎدي )‪ 0.54‬دﻳﺴﻴﺴﻤﻨﺰ‪.‬م‪ (1-‬ﻣﻊ ﻧﻘﻊ اﻟﺒﺬور ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻘﻄﺮ ‪. A2B1S1‬‬
‫‪ -8‬اﻟﺮي ﺑﻤﺎء ﻣﻤﻐﻨﻂ ﻋﺎدي )‪ 0.54‬دﻳﺴﻴﺴﻤﻨﺰ‪.‬م‪ (1-‬ﻣﻊ ﻧﻘﻊ اﻟﺒﺬور ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻜﻮرﺑﻚ ‪. A2B1S2‬‬
‫‪ -9‬اﻟﺮي ﺑﻤﺎء ﻣﻤﻐﻨﻂ ﻋﺎدي )‪ 0.54‬دﻳﺴﻴﺴﻤﻨﺰ‪.‬م‪ (1-‬ﻣﻊ ﻧﻘﻊ اﻟﺒﺬور ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ اﻟﻌﻀﻮي ‪. A2B1S3‬‬
‫‪ -10‬اﻟﺮي ﺑﻤﺎء ﻣﻤﻐﻨﻂ ﻣﺎﻟﺢ )‪ 2.12‬دﻳﺴﻴﺴﻤﻨﺰ‪.‬م‪ (1-‬ﻣﻊ ﻧﻘﻊ اﻟﺒﺬور ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻘﻄﺮ ‪.A2B2S1‬‬
‫‪ -11‬اﻟﺮي ﺑﻤﺎء ﻣﻤﻐﻨﻂ ﻣﺎﻟﺢ )‪ 2.12‬دﻳﺴﻴﺴﻤﻨﺰ‪.‬م‪ (1-‬ﻣﻊ ﻧﻘﻊ اﻟﺒﺬور ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻜﻮرﺑﻚ ‪. A2B2S2‬‬
‫‪ -12‬اﻟﺮي ﺑﻤﺎء ﻣﻤﻐﻨﻂ ﻣﺎﻟﺢ )‪ 2.12‬دﻳﺴﻴﺴﻤﻨﺰ‪.‬م‪ (1-‬ﻣﻊ ﻧﻘﻊ اﻟﺒﺬور ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ اﻟﻌﻀﻮي ‪. A2B2S3‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ ﺗﻤﺖ دراﺳﺔ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻵﺗﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻹﻧﺒﺎت ‪ :‬ﺗﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻹﻧﺒﺎت ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻵﺗﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫)أ( ن‪)+ 1‬أ‪+‬ب( ن‪)+2‬ب‪+‬ج( ن‪)+ 3‬ج‪+‬د( ن‪....+ 4‬‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻹﻧﺒﺎت = ___________________________________‬
‫أ‪+‬ب‪+‬ج‪+‬د‪.....+‬‬
‫إذ ان أ‪,‬ب‪,‬ج‪,‬د‪ = .....,‬ﻋﺪد اﻟﺒﺬور اﻟﻨﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻓﻲ آﻞ ﻋﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫و ن‪ 1‬ون‪ 2‬ون‪ 3‬ون‪ 4‬و‪ = ...‬اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ آﻞ ﻋﺪ وﺁﺧﺮ ﻳﻮم ﻟﻺﻧﺒﺎت‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻹﻧﺒﺎت ‪ :‬ﺗﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻺﻧﺒﺎت ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻵﺗﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ %‬ﻟﻺﻧﺒﺎت = ﻋﺪد اﻟﺒﺬور اﻟﻨﺎﺑﺘﺔ‪ /‬ﻋﺪد اﻟﺒﺬور اﻟﻤﺰروﻋﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ * ‪. 100‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻗﻄ ﺮ اﻟﺴ ﺎق ‪ :‬ﺗ ﻢ ﺣﺴ ﺎب ﻣﺘﻮﺳ ﻂ ﻗﻄ ﺮ ﺳ ﺎق اﻟﺒ ﺎدرات ﺑﺎﺳ ﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻔﻴﺮﻧﻴ ﺔ اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴ ﺔ إذ ﺗ ﻢ أﺧ ﺬ‬
‫ﻗﺮاءات ﻟﻘﻄﺮ ﺳﺎق ‪ 10‬ﺷﺘﻼت ﺑﻌﻤﺮ ‪ 12‬ﻳﻮﻣﺎ وﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﻘﻄﺮ ﻟﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬اﻟﻨﺴ ﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻠﻮروﻓﻴ ﻞ ﻓ ﻲ اﻷوراق اﻟﻔﻠﻘﻴ ﺔ‪ :‬ﺗ ﻢ ﺣﺴ ﺎب ﻣﺘﻮﺳ ﻂ اﻟﻨﺴ ﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳ ﺔ ﻟﻜﻠﻮروﻓﻴ ﻞ‬
‫اﻷوراق اﻟﻔﻠﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺟﻬ ﺎز‪ SPAD-502 Chlorophyll meter‬إذ ﺗ ﻢ أﺧ ﺬ ﻗ ﺮاءات‬
‫‪ 10‬ﺷﺘﻼت ﺑﻌﻤﺮ ‪12‬ﻳﻮﻣ ﺎ وﺣﺴ ﺎب ﻣﺘﻮﺳ ﻂ اﻟﻘ ﺮاءات وﻟﺠﻤﻴ ﻊ اﻟﻤﻌ ﺎﻣﻼت ‪.‬ﻧﻔ ﺬت اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑ ﺔ ﺣﺴ ﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﺸﻮاﺋﻲ اﻟﻜﺎﻣ ﻞ ‪ CRD‬وﺑﺜﻼﺛ ﺔ ﻣﻜ ﺮرات وﻗﻮرﻧ ﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳ ﻄﺎت وﻓ ﻖ اﺧﺘﺒ ﺎر أﻗ ﻞ ﻓ ﺮق‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﻮي ‪ LSD‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ‪. 0.05‬‬

‫اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ واﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻹﻧﺒﺎت ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻀ ﺢ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻨﺘ ﺎﺋﺞ ﻓ ﻲ ﺟ ﺪول )‪ (1‬ان هﻨ ﺎك ﺗﻔﻮﻗ ﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳ ﺎ ﻓ ﻲ ﺳ ﺮﻋﺔ إﻧﺒ ﺎت اﻟﺒ ﺬور اﻟﻤﺮوﻳ ﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴ ﺎﻩ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻄ ﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻏﻴ ﺮ اﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻄ ﺔ آﻌﺎﻣ ﻞ ﻣﺴ ﺘﻘﻞ وﺑﻠﻐ ﺖ ‪ 2.99‬ﻳﻮﻣ ﺎ و ‪ 3.41‬ﻳﻮﻣ ﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺘ ﺎﺑﻊ إذ آﺎﻧ ﺖ ﻧﺴ ﺒﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة ﻓﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻹﻧﺒﺎت ‪ % 14‬وﻗﺪ ﻳﻌﻮد ﺳ ﺒﺐ اﻟﺘ ﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻻﻳﺠ ﺎﺑﻲ ﻟﻤﻐﻨﻄ ﺔ ﻣﻴ ﺎﻩ اﻟ ﺮي ﻓ ﻲ ﺳ ﺮﻋﺔ اﻹﻧﺒ ﺎت‬
‫إﻟﻰ أن اﻟﻤﻐﻨﻄﺔ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺼﻐﻴﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎت اﻟﻤﺎء ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﺼﻐﻴﺮ زاوﻳﺔ ارﺗﺒﺎط ذرﺗﻲ اﻟﻬﻴ ﺪروﺟﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣ ﻊ اﻷوآﺴ ﺠﻴﻦ وه ﺬا ﺳ ﻬﻞ ﻣ ﻦ ﻧﻔﺎذﻳ ﺔ اﻟﻤ ﺎء ﻷﻏﻠﻔ ﺔ اﻟﺒ ﺬور وﺳ ﻬﻮﻟﺔ اﺧﺘﺮاﻗ ﻪ ﻟﻸﻏﺸ ﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﻠﻮﻳ ﺔ‬
‫) ‪ (1993، Kronenberg‬ﺣﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﻌﻪ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻐﺬﻳﺎت واﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻔﺰة ﻟﻺﻧﺒﺎت ‪.‬‬
‫آﻤﺎ ﺗﺒ ﻴﻦ اﻧ ﻪ ﻟ ﻢ ﻳﻜ ﻦ هﻨ ﺎك ﺗ ﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻨ ﻮي ﻟﻤﻠﻮﺣ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻴ ﺎﻩ ﻓ ﻲ ﺳ ﺮﻋﺔ اﻹﻧﺒ ﺎت واﻟﺴ ﺒﺐ ﻗ ﺪ ﻳﻜ ﻮن أن‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮآﻴﺰ اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻲ ﻳﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ ﻣﺪة زﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻈﻬﻮر أﺛﺮﻩ اﻟﺘﺮاآﻤﻲ اﻟﻀﺎر‪ .‬وﻳﻼﺣ ﻆ أﻳﻀ ﺎ أن هﻨ ﺎك ﺗﻔﻮﻗ ﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳ ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒ ﺬور اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮﻋ ﺔ ﺑﺤ ﺎﻣﺾ اﻷﺳ ﻜﻮرﺑﻚ واﻟﻤﺴ ﺘﺨﻠﺺ اﻟﻌﻀ ﻮي ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺒ ﺬور اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮﻋ ﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤ ﺎء اﻟﻤﻘﻄ ﺮ ﻓ ﻲ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻹﻧﺒﺎت ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ زﻳﺎدة ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ‪ ، %5.73‬ورﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﻮد ذﻟﻚ إﻟﻰ اﺣﺘﻮاء اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ اﻟﺒﺤ ﺮي ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﻤ ﻮاد‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻔﺰة ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮ واﻹﻧﺒﺎت آﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎت اﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ) اﻻوآﺴ ﻴﻨﺎت واﻟﺴ ﺎﻳﺘﻮآﺎﻳﻨﻴﻨﺎت ( واﻟﻤﻌ ﺎدن واﻷﺣﻤ ﺎض‬
‫اﻷﻣﻴﻨﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺟﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﺳﺮاع ﻓﻲ ﻧﻤ ﻮ وﺗﻄ ﻮر اﻟﺠﻨ ﻴﻦ ‪ .‬وﻗ ﺪ ﻳﻌ ﻮد ﺗ ﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺣ ﺎﻣﺾ اﻻﺳ ﻜﻮرﺑﻚ‬

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‫اﻹﻳﺠﺎﺑﻲ ﻓ ﻲ ﺳ ﺮﻋﺔ اﻹﻧﺒ ﺎت اﻟ ﻰ دورﻩ ﻓ ﻲ ﺣﻤﺎﻳ ﺔ اﻟﺨﻼﻳ ﺎ ﻣ ﻦ اﻻﺟﻬ ﺎدات اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴ ﺔ ودورﻩ آﻤﻀ ﺎد ﻟﻸآﺴ ﺪة‬
‫وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ آﻤﻨﻈﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ) ‪. ( 1987، Oertli‬‬
‫أﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻐﻨﻄﺔ وﻣﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﺮي ﻓﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻹﻧﺒ ﺎت ﻓﺈﻧ ﻪ ﻳﻼﺣ ﻆ ﺗﻔ ﻮق‬
‫اﻟﺒﺬور اﻟﻤﺮوﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﺎﻟﺢ اﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻂ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳ ﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺑﻘﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻌ ﺎﻣﻼت إذ ﺑﻠﻐ ﺖ ‪ 2.79‬ﻳ ﻮم وﺗﻔﻮﻗ ﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ أﻗ ﻞ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ إﻧﺒﺎت ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺮي ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻂ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﺢ ‪ 3.57‬ﻳﻮم ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ زﻳﺎدة ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ‪ . %27.96‬اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺟﺪول ‪ . 1‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻠﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ وﻣﻐﻨﻄﺘﻬﺎ واﻟﻨﻘﻊ ﺑﺤﺎﻣﺾ اﻻﺳﻜﻮرﺑﻚ واﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ اﻟﺒﺤﺮي ﻓﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬
‫اﻹﻧﺒﺎت ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻊ اﻟﺒﺬور )‪(S‬‬
‫‪L.S.D‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻨﻄﺔ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﺮي)‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﺎء ﻣﻘﻄﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺮي) ‪( B‬‬ ‫‪(A‬‬
‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻜﻮرﺑﻚ )‪(S2‬‬
‫)‪(S3‬‬ ‫) ‪( S1‬‬

‫‪3.95‬‬ ‫‪2.77‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻟﺢ )‪(B1‬‬

‫‪3.01‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﻐﻨﻂ‬
‫) ‪( A1‬‬
‫‪3.51‬‬ ‫‪3.74‬‬ ‫‪3.46‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﺢ ) ‪(B2‬‬
‫‪3.11‬‬
‫‪2.65‬‬ ‫‪3.28‬‬ ‫‪3.63‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻟﺢ )‪(B1‬‬
‫ﻣﻤﻐﻨﻂ‬
‫) ‪( A2‬‬
‫‪2.45‬‬ ‫‪2.75‬‬ ‫‪3.17‬‬ ‫)‪(B2‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﺢ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ ‪ABS‬‬

‫‪A2‬‬ ‫‪A1‬‬
‫ﻣﻐﻨﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫‪1.27‬‬
‫)‪(A‬‬
‫‪2.99‬‬ ‫‪3.41‬‬

‫‪B2‬‬ ‫‪B1‬‬
‫‪1.27‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ )‪(B‬‬
‫‪3.18‬‬ ‫‪3.21‬‬

‫‪S3‬‬ ‫‪S2‬‬ ‫‪S1‬‬

‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﻨﻘﻊ‬
‫‪1.56‬‬
‫)‪(S‬‬
‫‪3.14‬‬ ‫‪3.14‬‬ ‫‪3.32‬‬
‫‪A2B2‬‬ ‫‪A2B1‬‬ ‫‪A1B2‬‬ ‫‪A1B1‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ‬
‫‪1.80‬‬
‫‪AB‬‬
‫‪2.79‬‬ ‫‪3.18‬‬ ‫‪3.57‬‬ ‫‪3.24‬‬

‫‪A2S3‬‬ ‫‪A2S2‬‬ ‫‪A2S1‬‬ ‫‪A1S3‬‬ ‫‪A1S2‬‬ ‫‪A1S1‬‬

‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ‬
‫‪2.20‬‬
‫‪AS‬‬
‫‪2.55‬‬ ‫‪2.02‬‬ ‫‪3.40‬‬ ‫‪3.73‬‬ ‫‪3.26‬‬ ‫‪3.32‬‬

‫‪B2S3‬‬ ‫‪B2S2‬‬ ‫‪B2S1‬‬ ‫‪B1S3‬‬ ‫‪B1S2‬‬ ‫‪B1S1‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ‬
‫‪2.20‬‬
‫‪BS‬‬
‫‪2.98‬‬ ‫‪3.25‬‬ ‫‪3.32‬‬ ‫‪3.30‬‬ ‫‪3.02‬‬ ‫‪3.32‬‬

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‫اﻟﻤﻐﻨﻄﺔ وﻧﻘﻊ اﻟﺒﺬور ﻳﻼﺣﻆ ﺗﻔﻮق اﻟﺒﺬور اﻟﻤﺮوﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻂ واﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻜﻮرﺑﻴﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼت إذ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ‪ 2.02‬ﻳﻮم وﺗﻔﻮﻗﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻗﻞ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ إﻧﺒﺎت ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺮي ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻄﺔ واﻟﻨﻘﻊ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ اﻟﻌﻀﻮي ‪ 3.73‬ﻳﻮﻣﺎ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ‪. %84.65‬‬
‫ﻳﻼﺣ ﻆ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﺘ ﺪاﺧﻞ اﻟﺜﻼﺛ ﻲ إن أﺳ ﺮع إﻧﺒ ﺎت آ ﺎن ﻟﻠﺒ ﺬور اﻟﻤﺮوﻳ ﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤ ﺎء اﻟﻤﻤﻐ ﻨﻂ اﻟﻤ ﺎﻟﺢ ‪ 2.45‬ﻳ ﻮم‬
‫واﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ اﻟﻌﻀﻮي وﺗﻔﻮﻗﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳﺎ وﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ زﻳﺎدة ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ‪ %52.65‬ﻋﻦ اﻗﻞ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ إﻧﺒﺎت ﻋﻨ ﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺮي ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻄﺔ اﻟﻌﺬﺑﺔ واﻟﻨﻘﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ اﻟﺒﺤﺮي ‪ 3.95‬ﻳﻮم إذ ﻳﺒﺪو أن ﻣﻐﻨﻄﺔ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﺮي ه ﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻹﻧﺒﺎت ﻓﻲ هﺬا اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻹﻧﺒﺎت ‪ :‬ﺗﺒﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺪول )‪ (2‬ان هﻨﺎك ﺗﻔﻮﻗًﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ إﻧﺒﺎت اﻟﺒﺬور ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺟﺪول ‪ . 2‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻠﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ وﻣﻐﻨﻄﺘﻬﺎ واﻟﻨﻘﻊ ﺑﺤﺎﻣﺾ اﻻﺳﻜﻮرﺑﻚ واﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ اﻟﺒﺤﺮي ﻓﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫اﻹﻧﺒﺎت ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻊ اﻟﺒﺬور )‪(S‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻊ اﻟﺒﺬور‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻨﻄﺔ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﺮي)‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﺎء ﻣﻘﻄﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺮي) ‪( B‬‬ ‫‪(A‬‬
‫اﻻﺳﻜﻮرﺑﻚ )‪(S2‬‬
‫)‪(S3‬‬ ‫) ‪( S1‬‬

‫‪92.6‬‬ ‫‪88.9‬‬ ‫‪91.4‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻟﺢ )‪(B1‬‬

‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﻐﻨﻂ‬
‫) ‪( A1‬‬
‫‪90.1‬‬ ‫‪90.1‬‬ ‫‪80.2‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﺢ ) ‪(B2‬‬
‫‪0.4‬‬
‫‪95.1‬‬ ‫‪91.4‬‬ ‫‪92.6‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻟﺢ )‪(B1‬‬
‫ﻣﻤﻐﻨﻂ‬
‫) ‪( A2‬‬
‫‪86.4‬‬ ‫‪95.1‬‬ ‫‪90.1‬‬ ‫)‪(B2‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﺢ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ ‪ABS‬‬

‫‪A2‬‬ ‫‪A1‬‬
‫ﻣﻐﻨﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫‪0.2‬‬
‫‪91.8‬‬ ‫)‪(A‬‬
‫‪88.9‬‬
‫‪B2‬‬ ‫‪B1‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫‪0.2‬‬
‫)‪(B‬‬
‫‪88.7‬‬ ‫‪92.0‬‬
‫‪S3‬‬ ‫‪S2‬‬ ‫‪S1‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﻨﻘﻊ‬
‫‪0.2‬‬
‫)‪(S‬‬
‫‪91.1‬‬ ‫‪91.4‬‬ ‫‪88.6‬‬
‫‪A2B2‬‬ ‫‪A2B1‬‬ ‫‪A1B2‬‬ ‫‪A1B1‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ‬
‫‪0.2‬‬
‫‪AB‬‬
‫‪90.5‬‬ ‫‪93.0‬‬ ‫‪86.8‬‬ ‫‪90.9‬‬

‫‪A2S3‬‬ ‫‪A2S2‬‬ ‫‪A2S1‬‬ ‫‪A1S3‬‬ ‫‪A1S2‬‬ ‫‪A1S1‬‬

‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ‬
‫‪0.3‬‬
‫‪AS‬‬
‫‪90.7‬‬ ‫‪93.2‬‬ ‫‪91.4‬‬ ‫‪91.4‬‬ ‫‪89.5‬‬ ‫‪85.8‬‬

‫‪B2S3‬‬ ‫‪B2S2‬‬ ‫‪B2S1‬‬ ‫‪B1S3‬‬ ‫‪B1S2‬‬ ‫‪B1S1‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ‬
‫‪0.3‬‬
‫‪BS‬‬
‫‪88.3‬‬ ‫‪92.6‬‬ ‫‪85.2‬‬ ‫‪93.8‬‬ ‫‪90.1‬‬ ‫‪92.0‬‬

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 ‫ﺣﻤﺎد و ﺁﺧﺮون‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ دﻳﺎﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﺰراﻋﻴﺔ ‪2013 ، 222 – 213 : ( 2 ) 5 ،‬‬

‫ﻣﻐﻨﻄﺔ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﺮي إذ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ‪ % 91.8‬ﻣﻘﺎرﻧ ﺔ ﺑﻐﻴ ﺮ اﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻄ ﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻲ ﺑﻠﻐ ﺖ ‪ % 88.9‬وﺑﻨﺴ ﺒﺔ زﻳ ﺎدة ﻓ ﻲ ﻧﺴ ﺒﺔ‬
‫اﻹﻧﺒﺎت ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ‪ ، %3.26‬آﻤﺎ إن اﻟﺮي ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻧﺨﻔﺎﺿﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳﺎ ﻓ ﻲ ﻧﺴ ﺒﺔ اﻹﻧﺒ ﺎت ﺑﻠ ﻎ ‪%3.72‬‬
‫ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎ ﺑﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﺤﺔ ‪ ،‬وان اﻟﻨﻘﻊ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ اﻟﺒﺤﺮي وﺣﺎﻣﺾ اﻻﺳﻜﻮرﺑﻚ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻔﻮﻗﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳﺎ ﻓ ﻲ ﻧﺴ ﺒﺔ‬
‫اﻹﻧﺒﺎت ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻘﻄﺮ وﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ زﻳﺎدة ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ‪ % 3.16‬ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﻊ ﺑﺤﺎﻣﺾ اﻻﺳﻜﻮرﺑﻚ‪.‬‬
‫وﻓﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ ﻳﺘﺒﻴﻦ ان ﻣﻐﻨﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻗﺪ زاد ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴ ﺒﺔ اﻹﻧﺒ ﺎت ﺑﺸ ﻜﻞ ﻣﻌﻨ ﻮي‬
‫ﻓﻲ آﻼ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ إذ زادت ﻣﻐﻨﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻴ ﺎﻩ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﺤ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ﻧﺴ ﺒﺔ اﻹﻧﺒ ﺎت ﺑﻨﺴ ﺒﺔ ‪ % 4.26‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤ ﺎ ﻣﻐﻨﻄ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻴ ﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﺤﺔ زادت ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴ ﺒﺔ اﻹﻧﺒ ﺎت ﺑﻤﻘ ﺪار ‪ . % 2.31‬أﻣ ﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴ ﺒﺔ إﻟ ﻰ اﻟﺘ ﺪاﺧﻞ اﻟﺜﻼﺛ ﻲ ﺗﺒ ﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﺘ ﺎﺋﺞ ان‬
‫ﺟﻤﻴ ﻊ اﻟﻤﻌ ﺎﻣﻼت ﻗ ﺪ ﺗﻔﻮﻗ ﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳ ﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠ ﺔ اﻟﺒ ﺬور اﻟﻤﺮوﻳ ﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤ ﺎء اﻟﻤ ﺎﻟﺢ ﻏﻴ ﺮ اﻟﻤﻤﻐ ﻨﻂ واﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮﻋ ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻘﻄﺮ إذ ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻗ ﻞ ﻧﺴ ﺒﺔ إﻧﺒ ﺎت ﺑﻠﻐ ﺖ ‪ %80.2‬وأﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻧﺴ ﺒﺔ إﻧﺒ ﺎت ﻟﻠﺒ ﺬور آﺎﻧ ﺖ ‪%95.1‬‬
‫ﻟﻜ ﻞ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﺒ ﺬور اﻟﻤﺮوﻳ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻴ ﺎﻩ اﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻄ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﺤ ﺔ واﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮﻋ ﺔ ﺑﺤ ﺎﻣﺾ اﻷﺳ ﻜﻮرﺑﻚ واﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻄ ﺔ اﻟﻌﺬﺑ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ اﻟﻌﻀﻮي وﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ زﻳﺎدة ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ‪. % 18.58‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﺴﺎق‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻨﺘ ﺎﺋﺞ ﻓ ﻲ ﺟ ﺪول )‪ (3‬أﻧ ﻪ ﻟ ﻢ ﻳﻜ ﻦ هﻨ ﺎك ﺗ ﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻨ ﻮي ﻟﻤﻐﻨﻄ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻴ ﺎﻩ ﻓ ﻲ ﻗﻄ ﺮ اﻟﺴ ﺎق‬
‫وﻟﻜﻦ آﺎن هﻨﺎك ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﻮي ﻟﻤﻠﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﺴﺎق إذ ﺗﻔﻮﻗ ﺖ اﻟﻤﺮوﻳ ﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤ ﺎء ﻏﻴ ﺮ اﻟﻤ ﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳ ﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮوﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﺎﻟﺢ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻠﻎ ‪ 3.21‬و‪ 2.85‬ﻣﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺘﺎﺑﻊ ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﻳﻜ ﻮن اﻟﺴ ﺒﺐ ه ﻮ ﺗ ﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻠﻮﺣ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻴ ﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺳﻠﺒﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺎهﺰﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ أو ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺠﻬﺪ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﺰراﻋﻲ وﻣ ﻦ ﺛ ﻢ ﻗﻠ ﺔ اﻣﺘﺼ ﺎص اﻟﻤ ﺎء واﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻ ﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺠﺬور)اﻟﺰﺑﻴﺪي ‪ . (1989،‬آﻤﺎ ﻳﻼﺣﻆ أن هﻨﺎك ﺗﻔﻮﻗﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳﺎ ﻟﻠﺸﺘﻼت اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺬور اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ اﻟﻌﻀﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺬور اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻘﻄﺮ واﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﺤﺎﻣﺾ اﻻﺳﻜﻮرﺑﻚ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﺴﺎق‬
‫إذ ﺑﻠﻐ ﺖ ‪ 3.26‬ﻣﻠ ﻢ وﻗ ﺪ ﻳﻜ ﻮن ﺑﺴ ﺒﺐ اﺣﺘ ﻮاء اﻟﻤﺴ ﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﻤﻐ ﺬﻳﺎت واﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤ ﺎت اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺸ ﺠﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻻﻧﻘﺴﺎم اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ واﺳﺘﻄﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ )اﻟﺠﺒﻮري ‪. ( 2009،‬‬
‫أﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻐﻨﻄ ﺔ وﻣﻠﻮﺣ ﺔ ﻣﻴ ﺎﻩ اﻟ ﺮي ﻓ ﻴﻼﺣﻆ ﺗﻔ ﻮق اﻟﺸ ﺘﻼت اﻟﻤﺮوﻳ ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻌﺬب ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﺴﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮوﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻤ ﺎﻟﺢ ﺳ ﻮاء آ ﺎن ﻣﻤﻐﻨﻄ ﺎ أو ﻏﻴ ﺮ ﻣﻤﻐ ﻨﻂ ورﺑﻤ ﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻮد ذﻟﻚ إﻟﻰ أن ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﺸﺪ اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻲ اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻣﺘﺼﺎص اﻟﻤﺎء واﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ وﺑﺎﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻤ ﻮ أآﺜ ﺮ ﻣ ﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻐﻨﻄﺔ اﻻﻳﺠﺎﺑﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ذاﺗﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫وﻳﻼﺣﻆ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ ان اﻟﺸﺘﻼت اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺬور اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ اﻟﻌﻀﻮي واﻟﻤﺮوﻳ ﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤ ﺎء اﻟﻌ ﺬب اﻟﻤﻤﻐ ﻨﻂ وﻏﻴ ﺮ اﻟﻤﻤﻐ ﻨﻂ ﻗ ﺪ ﺗﻔﻮﻗ ﺖ ﻓ ﻲ ﻗﻄ ﺮ اﻟﺴ ﺎق ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺟﻤﻴ ﻊ اﻟﻤﻌ ﺎﻣﻼت وﺑﻠﻐ ﺖ ‪3.84‬‬
‫و‪ 3.52‬ﻣﻠﻢ ‪ ،‬ورﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﻮد ذﻟﻚ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻻﻳﺠﺎﺑﻲ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻐﻨﻄﺔ واﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﺎت اﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﺎﻟﻤﻐﻨﻄﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫دور ﻓﻲ ﺗﺴ ﻬﻴﻞ اﻣﺘﺼ ﺎص اﻟﻤ ﺎء وﻣﻌﻬ ﺎ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻ ﺮ اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻴ ﺔ ) ‪ ،(1993، Kronenberg‬أﻣ ﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼ ﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﺤﻮي اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺎت اﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ واﻷﺣﻤﺎض اﻻﻣﻴﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﻨﻤﻮ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺣﻤﺎد و ﺁﺧﺮون‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ دﻳﺎﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﺰراﻋﻴﺔ ‪2013 ، 222 – 213 : ( 2 ) 5 ،‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ‪ . 3‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻠﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ وﻣﻐﻨﻄﺘﻬﺎ واﻟﻨﻘﻊ ﺑﺤﺎﻣﺾ اﻻﺳﻜﻮرﺑﻚ واﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ اﻟﺒﺤﺮي ﻓﻲ ﻗﻄﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎق )ﻣﻠﻢ( ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻊ اﻟﺒﺬور )‪(S‬‬
‫‪LSD‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻨﻄﺔ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻜﻮرﺑﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺎء ﻣﻘﻄﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺮي) ‪( B‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮي) ‪( A‬‬
‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫)‪(S3‬‬ ‫)‪(S2‬‬ ‫) ‪( S1‬‬

‫‪3.52‬‬ ‫‪3.09‬‬ ‫‪2.77‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻟﺢ )‪(B1‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﻐﻨﻂ‬

‫ﻣﺎﻟﺢ ) ‪(B2‬‬ ‫) ‪( A1‬‬
‫‪3.00‬‬ ‫‪2.88‬‬ ‫‪2.62‬‬
‫‪0.42‬‬
‫‪3.84‬‬ ‫‪2.98‬‬ ‫‪3.06‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻟﺢ )‪(B1‬‬ ‫ﻣﻤﻐﻨﻂ‬
‫)‪(B2‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫) ‪( A2‬‬
‫‪2.54‬‬ ‫‪3.09‬‬ ‫‪2.95‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ ‪ABS‬‬

‫‪A2‬‬ ‫‪A1‬‬
‫ﻣﻐﻨﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫‪N.S.‬‬
‫)‪(A‬‬
‫‪3.08‬‬ ‫‪2.98‬‬
‫‪B2‬‬ ‫‪B1‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫‪0.17‬‬
‫)‪(B‬‬
‫‪2.85‬‬ ‫‪3.21‬‬
‫‪S3‬‬ ‫‪S2‬‬ ‫‪S1‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﻨﻘﻊ‬
‫‪0.21‬‬
‫)‪(S‬‬
‫‪3.26‬‬ ‫‪3.01‬‬ ‫‪2.85‬‬
‫‪A2B2‬‬ ‫‪A2B1‬‬ ‫‪A1B2‬‬ ‫‪A1B1‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ‬
‫‪0.24‬‬
‫‪3.29‬‬ ‫‪AB‬‬
‫‪2.86‬‬ ‫‪2.83‬‬ ‫‪3.13‬‬
‫‪A2S3‬‬ ‫‪A2S2‬‬ ‫‪A2S1‬‬ ‫‪A1S3‬‬ ‫‪A1S2‬‬ ‫‪A1S1‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ‬
‫‪0.29‬‬
‫‪2.69‬‬ ‫‪AS‬‬
‫‪3.19‬‬ ‫‪3.03‬‬ ‫‪3.01‬‬ ‫‪3.26‬‬ ‫‪2.98‬‬

‫‪B2S3‬‬ ‫‪B2S2‬‬ ‫‪B2S1‬‬ ‫‪B1S3‬‬ ‫‪B1S2‬‬ ‫‪B1S1‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬

‫‪0.29‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ‬
‫‪2.77‬‬ ‫‪2.98‬‬ ‫‪2.79‬‬ ‫‪3.68‬‬ ‫‪3.03‬‬ ‫‪2.92‬‬ ‫‪BS‬‬

‫‪ -4‬اﻟﻨﺴ ﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻠﻮروﻓﻴ ﻞ ﻓ ﻲ اﻷوراق اﻟﻔﻠﻘﻴ ﺔ ‪ :‬ﺗﺒ ﻴﻦ ﻧﺘ ﺎﺋﺞ ﺟ ﺪول )‪ (4‬ان هﻨ ﺎك ﺗ ﺄﺛﻴﺮا ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳ ﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺪروﺳﺔ ﻓﻲ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘ ً‬

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 ‫ﺣﻤﺎد و ﺁﺧﺮون‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ دﻳﺎﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﺰراﻋﻴﺔ ‪2013 ، 222 – 213 : ( 2 ) 5 ،‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ‪ . 4‬اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻠﻮروﻓﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻷوراق اﻟﻔﻠﻘﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻘﻊ اﻟﺒﺬور )‪(S‬‬
‫‪LSD‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻐﻨﻄﺔ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﺮي) ‪( A‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﺎء ﻣﻘﻄﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺮي) ‪( B‬‬
‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻜﻮرﺑﻚ )‪(S2‬‬
‫)‪(S3‬‬ ‫) ‪( S1‬‬

‫‪57.73‬‬ ‫‪56.60‬‬ ‫‪55.70‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻟﺢ )‪(B1‬‬

‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﻐﻨﻂ‬
‫) ‪( A1‬‬
‫‪61.80‬‬ ‫‪58.57‬‬ ‫‪57.13‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﺢ ) ‪(B2‬‬
‫‪3.11‬‬
‫‪58.53‬‬ ‫‪60.73‬‬ ‫‪59.90‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻟﺢ )‪(B1‬‬
‫ﻣﻤﻐﻨﻂ‬
‫) ‪( A2‬‬
‫‪67.10‬‬ ‫‪63.97‬‬ ‫‪61.63‬‬ ‫)‪(B2‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﺢ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ ‪ABS‬‬

‫‪A2‬‬ ‫‪A1‬‬
‫ﻣﻐﻨﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫‪1.27‬‬
‫)‪(A‬‬
‫‪61.98‬‬ ‫‪57.92‬‬

‫‪B2‬‬ ‫‪B1‬‬
‫‪1.27‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ )‪(B‬‬
‫‪61.70‬‬ ‫‪58.20‬‬

‫‪S3‬‬ ‫‪S2‬‬ ‫‪S1‬‬

‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﻨﻘﻊ‬
‫‪1.56‬‬
‫)‪(S‬‬
‫‪61.29‬‬ ‫‪59.97‬‬ ‫‪58.59‬‬
‫‪A2B2‬‬ ‫‪A2B1‬‬ ‫‪A1B2‬‬ ‫‪A1B1‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ‬
‫‪1.80‬‬
‫‪AB‬‬
‫‪64.23‬‬ ‫‪59.72‬‬ ‫‪59.17‬‬ ‫‪56.68‬‬

‫‪A2S3‬‬ ‫‪A2S2‬‬ ‫‪A2S1‬‬ ‫‪A1S3‬‬ ‫‪A1S2‬‬ ‫‪A1S1‬‬

‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ‬
‫‪2.20‬‬
‫‪AS‬‬
‫‪62.82‬‬ ‫‪62.35‬‬ ‫‪60.77‬‬ ‫‪59.77‬‬ ‫‪57.58‬‬ ‫‪56.42‬‬

‫‪B2S3‬‬ ‫‪B2S2‬‬ ‫‪B2S1‬‬ ‫‪B1S3‬‬ ‫‪B1S2‬‬ ‫‪B1S1‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ‬
‫‪2.20‬‬
‫‪BS‬‬
‫‪64.45‬‬ ‫‪61.27‬‬ ‫‪59.38‬‬ ‫‪58.13‬‬ ‫‪58.67‬‬ ‫‪57.80‬‬

‫إذ ﻳﺒﻴﻦ ﺟﺪول )‪ (4‬ﺗﻔﻮق اﻟﺒﺎدرات اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺮي ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻂ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﻮروﻓﻴﻞ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻂ وﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪. % 4.06‬ان ﺳﺒﺐ اﻟﺘﻔﻮق اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻮي ﻟﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻂ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﻮروﻓﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻷوراق‬
‫اﻟﻔﻠﻘﻴﺔ رﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﻮد إﻟﻰ ﻗﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﺪ اﻟﺴﻄﺤﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺞ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴًﺎ وﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ دﺧﻮﻟﻪ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ وﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺬور ﻋﻠﻰ اﻣﺘﺼﺎص اﻟﻤﺎء واﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻴﺔ ) ‪ (1993، Kronenberg‬وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﺗﺤﺴﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬
‫اﻟﺤﻴﻮي ﻟﻠﻨﺒﺎت ‪ .‬آﻤﺎ ﺗﺒﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺗﻔﻮق اﻟﺒﺎدرات اﻟﻤﺮوﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﺎﻟﺢ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﻮروﻓﻴﻞ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎ ﺑﻐﻴﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎﻟﺢ و ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺑﺴﺒﺐ زﻳﺎدة ﺗﺮآﻴﺰ اﻻﻳﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﺰراﻋﻲ ورﻓﻊ ﺟﻬﺪﻩ اﻷزﻣﻮزي وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ‬
‫ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ اﻣﺘﺼﺎص اﻟﻤﺎء ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﻞ اﻟﺒﺎدرات ‪ ،‬و اﻧﺨﻔﺎض اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ اﻷوراق وزﻳﺎدة ﺗﺮآﻴﺰ‬

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 ‫ﺣﻤﺎد و ﺁﺧﺮون‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ دﻳﺎﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﺰراﻋﻴﺔ ‪2013 ، 222 – 213 : ( 2 ) 5 ،‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﻜﻠﻮروﻓﻴﻞ )اﻟﺰﺑﻴﺪي‪ .(1989،‬وﺗﻔﻮق ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ اﻟﺒﺤﺮي ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻊ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻘﻄﺮ رﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻻﻳﺠﺎﺑﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﻻﺣﺘﻮاﺋﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ واﻟﻤﻐﺬﻳﺎت واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﻌﻜﺲ إﻳﺠﺎﺑﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺤﻴﻮي ) ‪. ( 2003، O, Dell‬‬
‫اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺟﺎت‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻹﻧﺒﺎت ‪ ,‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﺒﺖ اﻧﺨﻔﺎﺿﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻹﻧﺒﺎت ﺑﻠﻎ ‪.% 3.72‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻟﻤﻐﻨﻄﺔ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﺮي ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ زﻳﺎدة ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻹﻧﺒﺎت ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ %14‬ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎ ﺑﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻤﻐﻨﻄﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻣﻐﻨﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﺤﺔ زادت ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻹﻧﺒﺎت ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ % 27.96‬وﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻹﻧﺒﺎت ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‪. % 4.26‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ هﻨﺎك ﻓﺮق ﻣﻌﻨﻮي ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻊ ﺑﺤﺎﻣﺾ اﻻﺳﻜﻮرﺑﻚ أو اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ اﻟﺒﺤﺮي ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻤﺪروﺳﺔ ﻟﻜﻦ آﻼهﻤﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻔﻮق ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻌﻨﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻘﻄﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر‬
‫اﻟﺠﺒﻮري ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ اﺣﻤﺪ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ‪ .2009.‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺣﺎﻣﺾ اﻟﻬﻴﻮﻣﻚ واﻷﻋﺸﺎب اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﻮ‬
‫وأزهﺎر وﺣﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺨﻴﺎر ‪.‬رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﻴﺮ ‪.‬آﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ ‪ .‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﻜﺮﻳﺖ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺰﺑﻴﺪي ‪ ،‬أﺣﻤﺪ ﺣﻴﺪر ‪ . 1989 .‬ﻣﻠﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ‪ .‬اﻷﺳﺲ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ واﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﻐﺪاد ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﺖ اﻟﺤﻜﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫وزارة اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ واﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺸ ﺤﺎت‪ ،‬أﺑ ﻮ زﻳ ﺪ ﻧﺼ ﺮ‪.1989.‬اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗ ﺎت اﻟﻌﻄﺮﻳ ﺔ وﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﺗﻬ ﺎ اﻟﺰراﻋﻴ ﺔ واﻟﺪواﺋﻴ ﺔ ‪,‬اﻟ ﺪار اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺸ ﺮ‬
‫واﻟﺘﻮزﻳﻊ‪.‬ﻣﺼﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻄﺐ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮزي ﻃﻪ‪.1981.‬اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ زراﻋﺘﻬﺎ وﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﻬﺎ ‪.‬دار اﻟﻤﺮﻳﺦ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ‪.‬اﻟﺮﻳﺎض ‪.‬‬
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EFFECT OF IRRIGATION WATER SALINITY , MAGNETIC AND
SOAKING BY THE ASCORBIC ACID AND SEAWEED (OLIGO-X)
ON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROUTH OF HYBREDS
CUCUMBER ( DALIA) IN PROTECTED ENVIRONMENT.
Prof H.S. Hamaad* Prof D.A. Mohammed** A. A. Obaid*
* Horticulture Dept.-College of Agricuture.- Univ of Diyala .
** Soil and water sciences Dept. - College of Agric.-Univ. of Diyala .

ABSTRACT
The experiment was conducted during Autumn season 2012 to study
the effects of irrigation water salinity (2.12ds.m-1) , magnetic field (1500
GS) and soaking by ascorbic acid or seaweed (OLIGO-X) on velocity and
percentage of Seeds germination for Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) planted in
a glasshouse and some of the vegetable properties . The results showed that
magnetizing water caused substantial increase in velocity and percentage of
seeds germination and percentage of chlorophyll in the cotyledon leaves .
Irrigation by saline water (2.12 ds.m-1 ) caused a decrease in percentage of
germination by 3.73 % compared with fresh water (0.54 ds.m-1) , and
magnetizing saline water increased germination by 4.26 % . soaking by
seaweed caused substantial increase in velocity and percentage of
germination , stem diameter and percentage of chlorophyll , while soaking
by ascorbic acid gave substantial increase in velocity and percentage of
germination compared with soaking by water . the maximum of germination
was irrigation by magnetizing fresh water (0.54ds.m-1 ) and soaking by the
seaweed , in addition to irrigation by the magnetizing saline water (2.12
ds.m-1 ) and soaking by ascorbic acid by 95.1 % , and the minimum was
irrigation by the saline water and soaking by fresh water by 80.2% .
Key words : Irrigation water salinty , Magnetic , seeds Soaking by the water , Ascorbic acid
and seaweed .
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