Questões do questionário interdisciplinar 1° ano

1) Na Língua Inglesa há regras específicas para a construção do plural dos

substantivos.

A seguir, encontra-se um pequeno trecho de um texto sobre inteligências

múltiplas cujos substantivos que estão entre parênteses no singular, deverão
ser escritos na forma plural.

[...] Linguistic - using ___________ (word) effectively. These ____________

(learner) like reading, taking notes in their ________ (class), making up poetry
or ___________(story). Interpersonal - understanding, interacting with others.
These ______________ (student) learn through interaction. They like group
___________ (activity), ____________ (seminar), __________ (debate),
_________ (interview). Logical-Mathematical - reasoning, calculating.
__________ (Person) who excel in this intelligence like to experiment, solve
____________ (puzzle) play with logic __________ (game), read about
___________ (investigation), and solve ___________ (mystery).

Assinale a alternativa que completa correta e respectivamente as lacunas

considerando os plurais de substantivos em inglês americano.

a) words - learners - classes - stories; students - activities - seminares - debates

- interviews; Persons - puzzles - games - investigations - mysteries
b) words - learners - classes - stories; students - activitys - seminars - debates -
interviews; People - puzzles - games - investigations - mysteries
c) wordes - learners - classes - stories; studentes - activities - seminars -
debates - interviews; People - puzzles - games - investigations - mysteries
d) words - learners - classes - stories; students - activities - seminars - debates
- interviews; People - puzzles - games - investigations - mysteries
e) words - learners - classes - storys; students - activitys - seminars - debaties -
interviews; Persons - puzzles - games - investigations - mysteries

2. (EEAR/2018)
PRESSURE

Jeremy Berke Commercial airplane cabins are generally pressurized to an

equivalent of 6,000 to 8,000 feet above sea level, in an effort to maintain a
healthy oxygen level for both the passengers and the flight crew. When a
passenger jet is flying at a cruising altitude of over 36,000 feet, the pressure
outside the cabin is_____________ than inside the pressurized cabin. Air
pressure has a tendency to equalize, moving from areas of high pressure to low
pressure to achieve equilibrium. When a hole rips open on a plane, the suction
resulting from the pressure difference between the cabin and the sky could pull
nearby people or objects outside. Depending on the size of the hole, such
accidents could either create just enough force to shuffle papers around, or, pull
a full-size human out of the plane. Survival is unlikely for anyone fully sucked
out into the sky. While in-flight incidents are extremely rare, if you want to
survive a crash, research suggests the best place to sit is in a middle seat
toward the back of the plane.
http://www.businessinsider.com/

Choose the best alternative to have the text completed correctly.

a) more low
b) the lowest
c) much lower
d) the most low

3. Assinale a alternativa incorreta em relação às classificações dos advérbios

em inglês.
a) advérbio de intensidade - nearly
b) advérbio de modo - quickly
c) advérbio de tempo - secondly
d) advérbio de frequência - rarely
e) advérbio de dúvida - possibly

4)
Backpacs” (title) - a large bag carried on the back.

“strap” (l. 2) - a strip of leather, cloth or other flexible material.

“lugging” (l. 5) - carrying something with great effort. “prof” (l. 8) - professor.

“sprains” (l. 18) - injuries.

“strains” (l. 18) - severe demands on physical strengh.

The adjective that is in the superlative form is

a) “valuable” (l. 6).
b) “serious” (l. 15).
c) “heavy” (l. 24).
d) “padded” (l. 26).
e) “heaviest” (l. 31).

5) The word “better” (l. 7) is the irregular comparative degree of

a) ill.
b) bad.
c) well
d) good.
e) badly.

Questões do questionário interdisciplinar 2° ano

1)

TEXT

     BRASÍLIA — Brazil’s highest court has long viewed itself as a bastion of manners and
formality. Justices call one another “Your Excellency,” dress in billowing robes and wrap
each utterance in grandiloquence, as if little had changed from the era when
marquises and dukes held sway from their vast plantations.
     In one televised feud, Mr. Barbosa questioned another justice about whether he
would even be on the court had he not been appointed by his cousin, a former
president impeached in 1992. With another justice, Mr. Barbosa rebuked him over
what the chief justice considered his condescending tone, telling him he was not his
“capanga,” a term describing a hired thug. 
      In one of his most scathing comments, Mr. Barbosa, the high court’s first and only
black justice, took on the entire legal system of Brazil — where it is still remarkably rare
for politicians to ever spend time in prison, even after being convicted of crimes —
contending that the mentality of judges was “conservative, pro-status-quo and pro-
impunity.”
     “I have a temperament that doesn’t adapt well to politics,” Mr. Barbosa, 58, said in a
recent interview in his quarters here in the Supreme Federal Tribunal, a modernist
landmark designed by the architect Oscar Niemeyer. “It’s because I speak my mind so
much.” 
     His acknowledged lack of tact notwithstanding, he is the driving force behind a
series of socially liberal and establishment-shaking rulings, turning Brazil’s highest
court — and him in particular — into a newfound political power and the subject of
popular fascination. 
   The court’s recent rulings include a unanimous decision upholding the University of
Brasília’s admissions policies aimed at increasing the number of black and indigenous
students, opening the way for one of the Western Hemisphere’s most sweeping
affirmative action laws for higher education. 
     In another move, Mr. Barbosa used his sway as chief justice and president of the
panel overseeing Brazil’s judiciary to effectively legalize same-sex marriage across the
country. And in an anticorruption crusade, he is overseeing the precedent-setting trial
of senior political figures in the governing Workers Party for their roles in a vast vote-
buying scheme.
   Ascending to Brazil’s high court, much less pushing the institution to assert its
independence, long seemed out of reach for Mr. Barbosa, the eldest of eight children
raised in Paracatu, an impoverished city in Minas Gerais State, where his father worked
as a bricklayer.  
    But his prominence — not just on the court, but in the streets as well — is so well
established that masks with his face were sold for Carnival, amateur musicians have
composed songs about his handling of the corruption trial and posted them on
YouTube, and demonstrators during the huge street protests that shook the nation
this year told pollsters that Mr. Barbosa was one of their top choices for president in
next year’s elections.
     While the protests have subsided since their height in June, the political tumult they
set off persists. The race for president, once considered a shoo-in for the incumbent,
Dilma Rousseff, is now up in the air, with Mr. Barbosa — who is now so much in the
public eye that gossip columnists are following his romance with a woman in her 20s
— repeatedly saying he will not run. “I’m not a candidate for anything,” he says. 
     But the same public glare that has turned him into a celebrity has singed him as
well. While he has won widespread admiration for his guidance of the high court, Mr.
Barbosa, like almost every other prominent political figure in Brazil, has recently come
under scrutiny. And for someone accustomed to criticizing the so-called supersalaries
awarded to some members of Brazil’s legal system, the revelations have put Mr.
Barbosa on the defensive. 
     One report in the Brazilian news media described how he received about $180,000
in payments for untaken leaves of absence during his 19 years as a public prosecutor.
(Such payments are common in some areas of Brazil’s large public bureaucracy.)
Another noted that he bought an apartment in Miami through a limited liability
company, suggesting an effort to pay less taxes on the property. In statements, Mr.
Barbosa contends that he has done nothing wrong. 
     In a country where a majority of people now define themselves as black or of mixed
race — but where blacks remain remarkably rare in the highest echelons of political
institutions and corporations — Mr. Barbosa’s trajectory and abrupt manner have
elicited both widespread admiration and a fair amount of resistance. 
     As a teenager, Mr. Barbosa moved to the capital, Brasília, finding work as a janitor in
a courtroom. Against the odds, he got into the University of Brasília, the only black
student in its law program at the time. Wanting to see the world, he later won
admission into Brazil’s diplomatic service, which promptly sent him to Helsinki, the
Finnish capital on the shore of the Baltic Sea. 
     Sensing that he would not advance much in the diplomatic service, which he has
called “one of the most discriminatory institutions of Brazil,” Mr. Barbosa opted for a
career as a prosecutor. He alternated between legal investigations in Brazil and studies
abroad, gaining fluency in English, French and German, and earning a doctorate in law
at Pantheon-Assas University in Paris. 
   Fascinated by the legal systems of other countries, Mr. Barbosa wrote a book on
affirmative action in the United States. He still voices his admiration for figures like
Thurgood Marshall, the first black Supreme Court justice in the United States, and
William J. Brennan Jr., who for years embodied the court’s liberal vision, clearly drawing
inspiration from them as he pushed Brazil’s high court toward socially liberal rulings.
    Still, no decision has thrust Mr. Barbosa into Brazil’s public imagination as much as
his handling of the trial of political operatives, legislators and bankers found guilty in a
labyrinthine corruption scandal called the mensalão, or big monthly allowance, after
the regular payments made to lawmakers in exchange for their votes. 
    Last November, at Mr. Barbosa’s urging, the high court sentenced some of the most
powerful figures in the governing Workers Party to years in prison for their crimes in
the scheme, including bribery and unlawful conspiracy, jolting a political system in
which impunity for politicians has been the norm.  
     Now the mensalão trial is entering what could be its final phases, and Mr. Barbosa
has at times been visibly exasperated that defendants who have already been found
guilty and sentenced have managed to avoid hard jail time. He has clashed with other
justices over their consideration of a rare legal procedure in which appeals over close
votes at the high court are examined. 
     Losing his patience with one prominent justice, Ricardo Lewandowski, who tried to
absolve some defendants of certain crimes, Mr. Barbosa publicly accused him this
month of “chicanery” by using legalese to prop up certain positions. An outcry ensued
among some who could not stomach Mr. Barbosa’s talking to a fellow justice like that.
“Who does Justice Joaquim Barbosa think he is?” asked Ricardo Noblat, a columnist for
the newspaper O Globo, questioning whether Mr. Barbosa was qualified to preside
over the court. “What powers does he think he has just because he’s sitting in the chair
of the chief justice of the Supreme Federal Tribunal?” 
      Mr. Barbosa did not apologize. In the interview, he said some tension was
necessary for the court to function properly. “It was always like this,” he
said, contending that arguments are now just easier to see because the
court’s proceedings are televised. 
     Linking the court’s work to the recent wave of protests, he explained that he
strongly disagreed with the violence of some demonstrators, but he also said he
believed that the street movements were “a sign of democracy’s exuberance.” 
     “People don’t want to passively stand by and observe these arrangements of the
elite, which were always the Brazilian tradition,” he said. 
In the sentence “A political system in which impunity in politics has been the norm,”
the verb phrase in the future perfect tense becomes
a) would have been.
b) will have been.
c) will have being.
d) will been being.

2) Qual das frases abaixo não está no Present Perfect Simple?

a) I haven't played soccer for years.
b) She has broken her leg.
c) This morning he has drunk three coffees.
d) Who has been reading my diary?
e) I have worked all my life.

3)

T E X T 

    SPEAKING two languages rather than just one has obvious practical benefits in an
increasingly globalized world. But in recent years, scientists have begun to show that
the advantages of bilingualism are even more fundamental than being able to
converse with a wider range of people. Being bilingual, it turns out, makes you
smarter. It can have a profound effect on your brain, improving cognitive skills not
related to language and even shielding against dementia in old age. 

     This view of bilingualism is remarkably different from the understanding of

bilingualism through much of the 20th century. Researchers, educators and policy
makers long considered a second language to be an interference, cognitively speaking,
that hindered a child’s academic and intellectual development. 
    They were not wrong about the interference: there is ample evidence that in a
bilingual’s brain both language systems are active even when he is using only one
language, thus creating situations in which one system obstructs the other. But this
interference, researchers are finding out, isn’t so much a handicap as a blessing in
disguise. It forces the brain to resolve internal conflict, giving the mind a workout that
strengthens its cognitive muscles. 
    Bilinguals, for instance, seem to be more adept than monolinguals at solving certain
kinds of mental puzzles. In a 2004 study by the psychologists Ellen Bialystok and
Michelle MartinRhee, bilingual and monolingual preschoolers were asked to sort blue
circles and red squares presented on a computer screen into two digital bins — one
marked with a blue square and the other marked with a red circle. 
    In the first task, the children had to sort the shapes by color, placing blue circles in
the bin marked with the blue square and red squares in the bin marked with the red
circle. Both groups did this with comparable ease. Next, the children were asked to
sort by shape, which was more challenging because it required placing the images in a
bin marked with a conflicting color. The bilinguals were quicker at performing this
task. 
    The collective evidence from a number of such studies suggests that the bilingual
experience improves the brain’s so-called executive function — a command system
that directs the attention processes that we use for planning, solving problems and
performing various other mentally demanding tasks. These processes include ignoring
distractions to stay focused, switching attention willfully from one thing to another and
holding information in mind — like remembering a sequence of directions while
driving.
    Why does the tussle between two simultaneously active language systems improve
these aspects of cognition? Until recently, researchers thought the bilingual
advantage stemmed primarily from an ability for inhibition that was honed by the
exercise of suppressing one language system: this suppression, it was thought, would
help train the bilingual mind to ignore distractions in other contexts. But that
explanation increasingly appears to be inadequate, since studies have shown that
bilinguals perform better than monolinguals even at tasks that do not require
inhibition, like threading a line through an ascending series of numbers scattered
randomly on a page.
    The key difference between bilinguals and monolinguals may be more basic: a
heightened ability to monitor the environment. “Bilinguals have to switch languages
quite often — you may talk to your father in one language and to your mother in
another language,” says Albert Costa, a researcher at the University of PompeuFabra in
Spain. “It requires keeping track of changes around you in the same way that we
monitor our surroundings when driving.” In a study comparing German-Italian
bilinguals with Italian monolinguals on monitoring tasks, Mr. Costa and his colleagues
found that the bilingual subjects not only performed better, but they also did so with
less activity in parts of the brain involved in monitoring, indicating that they were more
efficient at it. 
    The bilingual experience appears to influence the brain from infancy to old age (and
there is reason to believe that it may also apply to those who learn a second language
later in life). 
    In a 2009 study led by Agnes Kovacs of the International School for Advanced
Studies in Trieste, Italy, 7-month-old babies exposed to two languages from birth were
compared with peers raised with one language. In an initial set of trials, the infants
were presented with an audio cue and then shown a puppet on one side of a screen.
Both infant groups learned to look at that side of the screen in anticipation of the
puppet. But in a later set of trials, when the puppet began appearing on the opposite
side of the screen, the babies exposed to a bilingual environment quickly learned to
switch their anticipatory gaze in the new direction while the other babies did not. 
    Bilingualism’s effects also extend into the twilight years. In a recent study of 44
elderly Spanish-English bilinguals, scientists led by the neuropsychologist Tamar Gollan
of the University of California, San Diego, found that individuals with a higher degree of
bilingualism — measured through a comparative evaluation of proficiency in each
language — were more resistant than others to the onset of dementia and other
symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease: the higher the degree of bilingualism, the later the
age of onset.
    Nobody ever doubted the power of language. But who would have imagined that the
words we hear and the sentences we speak might be leaving such a deep imprint? 

Source: www.nytimes.com

In the following question, some sentences from the text have been modified to
fit certain grammatical structures. 
In terms of verb tense, the sentences “In a study comparing German-Italian bilinguals
with Italian monolinguals on monitoring tasks, bilingual subjects performed better than
monolinguals.” and “The families had brought up the children in a bilingual environment.”
are in the
a) simple past and past perfect.
b) past perfect continuous and simple past.
c) present perfect and present perfect.
d) past perfect and past perfect.
4) Qual das frases abaixo não está no Past Perfect Simple:

a) Had you been waiting long before the airplane arrived?

b) You had not studied English before you moved to Brazil.
c) We had had that car for fifteen years before it broke down.
d) Before I came here, I had spoken to Jonh.
e) He had written a letter to Carlos.

5) Qual das frases abaixo não está no past perfect continuous?

a) We had been traveling since 2013.
b) Had you been swimming?
c) It had been raining hard for several hours.
d) You have not been waiting here for two hours.
e) Had he been talking with her?

Questões do questionário interdisciplinar 3° ano

1)

‘The Complete Stories,’ by Clarice Lispector

By Terrence Rafferty

July 27, 2015

There’s a whiff of madness in the fiction of Clarice Lispector. The “Complete Stories” of
the Brazilian writer, edited by Benjamin Moser and sensitively translated by Katrina
Dodson, is a dangerous book to read quickly or casually because it’s so consistently
delirious. Sentence by sentence, page by page, Lispector is exhilaratingly, arrestingly
strange, but her perceptions come so fast, veer so wildly between the mundane and
the metaphysical, that after a while you don’t know where you are, either in the book
or in the world. So it’s best to approach her with some caution. For the ordinary reader
— that is to say, for most of us — immersion in the teeming mind of Clarice Lispector
can be an exhausting, even a deranging, experience, not to be undertaken lightly. (Pack
food, water, a first aid kit and plenty of sunblock.)

Her stories are full of strange words, in strange combinations, and her “Complete
Stories” is a remarkable book, proof that she was — in the company of Jorge Luis
Borges, Juan Rulfo and her 19th-century countryman Machado de Assis — one of the
true originals of Latin American literature.

THE COMPLETE STORIES

By Clarice Lispector

Edited by Benjamin Moser

Translated by Katrina Dodson

645 pp. New Directions. $28.95.

(Adaptado de https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/02/books/review/the-
completestories-by-clarice-lispector.html. Acessado em 21/07/20.)

No texto acima, o livro de Clarice Lispector recebe uma crítica

a) positiva, apesar das ressalvas quanto aos cuidados que a leitura da obra exige.
b) negativa, apesar dos elogios à originalidade da autora e à tradução para o
inglês.
c) positiva, apesar dos alertas quanto às temáticas perigosas da obra.
d) negativa, apesar da comparação com grandes nomes da literatura latino-
americana.

2) O cartaz reproduzido a seguir faz parte de uma campanha da Organização Pan-

Americana da Saúde.
(Disponível em https://www.paho.org/en/topics/violence-against-women. Acessado em
24/08/2020.)
Qual das medidas abaixo é recomendada no cartaz?

a) Comunicar à polícia os casos de violência contra as mulheres.

b) Contratar advogados que atuem em defesa das mulheres agredidas.
c) Estabelecer programas de prevenção aos casos de agressão contra mulheres.
d) Criar unidades de saúde especializadas em atender mulheres vítimas de agressão.

3)

OUR WORD OF THE YEAR FOR 2019 IS THEY

English lacks a gender-neutral singular pronoun to correspond with singular pronouns

like everyone or someone, and as a consequence  they  has been used for this purpose
for over 600 years. Recently though, they has also been used to refer to a person
whose gender identity is nonbinary, a sense that is increasingly common in published
text, social media, and in daily personal interactions between English speakers. There's
no doubt that its use is established in the English language, which is why it was added
to the Merriam-Webster dictionary in September of 2019. Nonbinary they was also
prominent in the news in 2019. Congresswoman Pramila Jayapal (WA) revealed in April
that her child is gender-nonconforming and uses they. And the American Psychological
Association’s blog officially recommended that singular they be preferred in
professional writing over “he or she” when the reference is to a person whose gender
is unknown or to a person who prefers  they.
(Adaptado de https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/word-of-the-year/
they. Acessado em 29/04/2020.)
De acordo com o texto, o fato de uma palavra simples, como o pronome “they”, ter
sido escolhida como a palavra do ano de 2019 se justifica pela necessidade de

a) fazer justiça a uma palavra que já é usada há mais de 600 anos.

b) legitimar os sentidos recentes dessa palavra que permeiam diversas instâncias da
vida social.
c) esclarecer dúvidas quanto ao emprego gramatical adequado dessa palavra em
textos escritos.
d)atender às recomendações de órgãos oficiais quanto ao uso dessa palavra em textos
escritos.

4) Social Distancing, Without the Police

Letting members of the community enforce social distancing is the better way.

   Of the 125 people arrested over offenses that law enforcement officials described as
related to the coronavirus pandemic, 113 were black or Hispanic. Of the 374
summonses from March 16 to May 5, a vast majority — 300 — were given to black and
Hispanic New Yorkers.
   Videos of some of the arrests are hard to watch. In one posted to Facebook last
week, a group of some six police officers are seen tackling a black woman in a subway
station as her young child looks on. “She's got a baby with her!” a bystander shouts.
Police officials told The Daily News the woman had refused to comply when officers
directed her to put the mask she was wearing over her nose and mouth.
   Contrast that with photographs across social media showing crowds of sun-seekers
packed into parks in wealthy, whiter areas of the city, lounging undisturbed as police
officers hand out masks.
   So it is obvious that the city needs a different approach to enforcing public health
measures during the pandemic. Mayor Bill de Blasio seems to understand this, and he
has promised to hire 2,300 people to serve as social distancing “ambassadors.”
   Hopefully, the mayor will think bigger.
  One promising idea , promoted by City Councilman Brad Lander and others, is to
build quickly a kind of “public health corps" to enforce social-distancing measures.
  In this approach, specially trained civilians could fan out across the neighborhoods
and parks, helping with pedestrian traffic control and politely encouraging New
Yorkers entering parks to protect one another by wearing masks and keeping their
distance. Police Department school safety agents, who are not armed, could help. Such
a program could also provide much needed employment for young people, especially
with New York's summer jobs program, which serves people 14 to 24, threatened by
budget cuts.
   Another method to help social-distancing efforts may be the community-based
groups that have been effective in reducing gun violence in some of the city's toughest
neighborhoods.
   The Police Department would play only a minimal role in this approach, stepping in
to help with crowd control, for example, something it does extremely well.
   Without a significant course correction, the department's role in the pandemic may
look more and more like stop-and-frisk, the policing tactic that led to the harassment
of hundreds of thousands of innocent people, most of them black and Hispanic, while
rarely touching white New Yorkers. Mr. de Blasio has scoffed at the comparison,
though it's not clear why.
   Aggressive police enforcement of social distancing measures is nearly certain to
harm the health and dignity of the city's black and Hispanic residents. 
   It could also diminish respect for the Police Department. Which is why it makes sense
that the city's largest police union has said that its members want little to do with
social-distancing enforcement. “The N.Y.P.D. needs to get cops out of the social
distancing-enforcement business altogether,” Patrick Lynch, president of the Police
Benevolent Association, said in a statement on May 4. On this issue, Mr. Lynch gets it.
   New York is facing a public health crisis, not a spike in crime. Black and Hispanic New
Yorkers are already suffering disproportionately from the coronavirus. They don't need
more policing. They need more help. 

Available at https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/18/opinion/nypdcoronavirus-arrests-
nyc.html. Accessed May 18,2020. 
According to the text it is true that:
a) Mayor de Blasio does not understand what New York city needs
b) the police should play a bigger role during the pandemic crisis
c) New York is facing a public health crisis, not a criminal one
d) police officers want to arrest as much people as possible

5) Qual a principal característica do trabalho de Jane Austen, mencionada no trecho a

seguir?
Jane Austen (December 16, 1775 - July 18, 1817) is widely known for her most famous
novels. Jane Austen's work features biting social commentary, often delivered with
great irony. While her writing was not well known during her lifetime, the 1870
publication of A Memoir of the Life of Jane Austen introduced her to a wider public.
Her work is widely read and admired by modern audiences, who have become quite
familiar with Austen's cultural references, including television shows and movies
adapted from her work.

a) Os romances da autora são representações únicas das diferenças culturais entre

Inglaterra e Estados Unidos.
b) Os romances da autora a respeito do comportamento da sociedade são elaborados
com comentários severos e acentuada ironia.
c) Os romances da autora são muito lidos até hoje, visto que contemplam referências
culturais amplamente conhecidas no século XX.
d) Os romances da autora são adaptados para cinema e televisão devido à riqueza de
detalhes históricos que apresentam.
e) Os romances da autora foram muito populares durante sua vida e a tornaram uma
pessoa rica e influente.