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Diffusion and Osmosis LB
Diffusion and Osmosis LB
Introduction:
All molecules have kinetic energy and are constantly in motion. This
motion causes the molecules to bump into each other and move in
different directions. The result is diffusion. Diffusion is the random
movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of
low concentration. This will continue until dynamic equilibrium is reached;
no net movement will occur. Osmosis is a special kind of diffusion. It is
the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. A
selectively permeable membrane means that the membrane will only allow
certain molecules through such as water, small solutes, oxygen, carbon
dioxide, and glucose, because no additional ATP is required. The
membrane will not let ions, nonpolar molecules, or large molecules through
because extra ATP is needed for them to travel across the membrane.
Active transport is how molecules (such as ions) move against the
concentration gradient. Additional ATP is required to perform this
process.
Materials:
Exercise 1A:
The materials used include a 30cm piece of 2.5cm dialysis tubing, string,
scissors, 15mL of 15% glucose/1% starch solution, 250mL beaker, distilled
water, and 4mL of Lugol’s solution (Iodine Potassium-Iodine or IKI).
Exercise 1B:
This exercise required six 30cm strips of presoaked dialysis tuning, six
250mL cups or beakers, string, scissors, a balance, and 25mL of these
solutions: distilled water, 0.2M sucrose, 0.4M sucrose, 0.6M sucrose,
0.8M sucrose, and 1.0M sucrose.
Exercise 1C:
Exercise 1D:
Exercise 1A:
Soak the dialysis tubing in water. Tie off one end of the tubing to
form a bag. Open the bag and place the glucose/starch solution in it. Tie
off the other end of the bag, leaving enough room for expansion of the
contents in the bag. Record the color of the solution in Table 1.1. Next,
test the glucose/starch solution for the presence of glucose. Record the
results in Table 1.1. Fill a 250mL beaker or cup with 2/3 full with distilled
water. Add 4mL of Lugol’s solution to the distilled water and record the
color of the solution in Table 1.1. Test the solution for glucose and record
the results in Table 1.1. Immerse the bag in the beaker of solution. Allow
the beaker and bag to stand for approximately 30 minutes or until you see
a distinct color change in the bag and the beaker. Record the final color
of the solution in the bag, and the solution in the beaker, in Table 1.1.
Test the liquid in the beaker and in the bag for the presence of glucose.
Record the results in Table 1.1.
Exercise 1B:
Obtain the six strips of presoaked dialysis tubing and create a bag
out of each one by tying off one end. Pour 25mL of the 6 solutions into
separate bags. Tie off the other end of the 6 bags. Rinse each bag gently
with distilled water and blot dry. Determine the mass of each bag and
record it in Table 1.2. Immerse each bag in one beaker filled will distilled
water and label the beaker to indicate the molarity of the solution in the
bag. Let the setups stand for 30 minutes. Remove the bags from the
water. Carefully blot them dry and determine their masses. Record them
in Table 1.2. Obtain the other lab groups data to complete Table 1.3.
Exercise 1C:
Exercise 1A:
Table 1.1
1. Which substances are entering the bag and which are leaving
the bag? What evidence supports the answer? Distilled water
and Iodine are leaving and entering. Glucose is able to leave the
bag.
2. Explain the results that were obtained. Include the
concentration differences and membrane pore size in the
discussion. Glucose and small molecules were able to move through
the pores. Water and IKI moved from high to low concentration.
3. How could this experiment be modified so that quantitative data
could be collected to show that water diffused into the dialysis
bag? You could mass the bag before and after it was placed into
the solution.
4. Based on your observations, rank the following by relative size,
beginning with the smallest: glucose molecules, water molecules,
IKI molecules, membrane pores, and starch molecules. Water
molecules, IKI molecules, Glucose molecules, Membrane pores, and
Starch molecules
1. Explain the relationship between the change in mass and the
molarity of sucrose within the dialysis bags. The solute is
hypertonic and water will move into the bag. As the molarity
increases the water moves into the bag.
2. Predict what would happen to the mass of each bag in this
experiment if all the bags were placed in a 0.4M sucrose
solution instead of distilled water. Explain. With the 0.2M bag,
the water would move out. With the 0.4M bag, there will be no net
movement of water because the solutions reach dynamic equilibrium.
With the 0.6M-1M bags, the water would move into the bag.
3. Why did you calculate the percent change in mass rather than
simply using the change in mass? This was calculated because
each group began with different initial masses and we would have
different data. All the groups needed consistent data.
Error Analysis:
Possible errors that could have affected the results of the lab include
incorrectly mixing the solutions, ineffectively tying the dialysis tubing,
inaccurately measuring , and inaccurately calculating.
Conclusion:
In Exercise 1B, it was proven that water moves faster across the
cell membrane than sucrose. The water moved to help reach dynamic
equilibrium between the 2 solutions. The sucrose molecules are too big to
move across the membrane as fast as water can.