PestinGiKk, Ell AVAILABLE NOW = dee Doubt clearing Questions ae. wal BaiEny 5, and Important Notes ; Includes Past Years MCQs of For Online Booking Exclusive Competitive Exams © +92 324 8455780 ©) /asmpublishersUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com Nobel Prize 2021 lalate 1901-2021 The 2021 Nobel Peace Prize was jounced by the Norwegian Philippines journalist Maria Ressa and Russian Nobel Committe in Oslo on journalist Dmitry Muratov won the 2021 October 2021 Nobel ce Pie The prizes for outstanding They have bagged the award “for their contributions in the preceding year efforts to safeguard freedom of in the fields of physiology or expression, which isa precondition for medicine, lyse chem 2 oe ot Both journalists have faced several attempts from both Philippines and Russian governments to silence their publication. Maria Ressa Ressa is the Executive Editor and CEO of Rappler~ an online news outlet — covering the policies and actions of Philippines President Rodrigo Duterte’s regime. She established Rappler in 2012 with three other female founders and with a small team of 12, literature and peace h awarded Due to its political nature, the Nobel Peace Prize has, for most of its history, been the subject of numerous controversies, The most recent prize for 2021 was awarded to Maria Ressa and Dmitry Muratov The Nobel Prizes have been ded in the fields of physiology ‘or medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace so far. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E M .gazine) | Oct 2021 | For Free Download: www.hsmoublshers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com HSM CSS Times Nobel Prize 2021 WHO IS Wats 7. GN LAE. 9 RECOGNITIONS 2018 Dele aT are PTE Crees Golden Pen of eee lae rie © UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Pres eee onan ard e NOBEL PEACE PRIZE 2021 Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2021 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublshers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times Oct 2021 The website becarne one ofthe fst multimedia news websites in the Philippines ~ sweeping local and international awards. In 2019, the journalist was arrested over a Rappler news story on businessman Wilfredo Keng, which was seen as politically motivated means to silence her. THE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE 2021 35 YEARS OF ABDULRAZAK GURNAH'S WORK Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2024 | Nobel Prize 2021 _ _% Dmitry Muratov Muratov is the editor-in-chief of Russian newspaper Novaya Gazeta. It was founded by him in 1993, and he edited the newspaper until 2017. The newspaper has exposed several cases of abuse of power, human rights violation and corruption. The Committee to Protect Journalists called his newspaper the “only truly critical newspaper with national influence in Russia today.” He won the International Press Freedom Award from the Committee to Protect Journalists in 2007, © Three years later, he received the Legion of Honor order, France's highest award, in the degree of Chevalier (Knight). He also received for the Novaya Gazeta the Four Freedoms Award for Freedom of Speech in Middelburg, the Netherlands in 2010. Tan Tana For Free Download: www.hsmoublshers.comeed &. OBJECTIVE Gender Studies Gender Studies > MCQs | rreces Gane ? esmeny Solved MCQs CSS Past Papers 2016-2020 fi hsmpublishers /hsmpublishers hsmpublishersUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times Oct 2021 Nobel Prize for Literature, 2021 The 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature has been awarded to novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah “for his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the gulf between cultures and continents’ Last year, the award was given to Louise Gliick “for her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty ‘makes individual existence universal The Nobel Prizes in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine for 2021 have already been awarded. Key Points About: © Abdulrazak Gurnah was born in 1948 and grew up on the island of Zanzibar in the Indian Ocean. He was forced to flee to the UK, the former colonial power, at the end of the 1960s after a revolution occurred in Zanzibar. 5 Zanzibar is part of East ‘Africa, a region known as the Swahili coast, stretching from present- day Somalia to Mozambique on the westem shores of the Indian Ocean, He has published ten novels and a number of short stories. The theme of the refugee’s disruption runs throughout his work. He began writing as a 21-yea English exile, and although Swahili was his first language, English became his literary tool Gurnah’s fourth novel ‘Paradise’ (1994), his breakthrough as a writer, evolved from a research trip to East Africa around 1990. Significance: ‘At a time when the global refugee crisis is exponentially on the rise, Gurnah’s work draws attention to how racism and prejudice against targeted communities and religions perpetuate cultures of oppression. Nobel Prize 2021 About Nobel Peace Prize ‘The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the wil of ‘Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel. Peace prize is along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature. The first Nobel Peace Prize awarded In 1901. The prize was shared between Henry Dunant of Switzerland, founder of the Red ross, and the French parliamentarian and peace activist Frédéric Passy. Selection of Nobel Prize laureates The Norwegian Nobel Committee is responsible for the selection of eligible candidates and the choice of the Nobel Peace Prize laureates. The Committee is composed of five members appointed by the Storting (Norwegian parliament). The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded in Oslo, Norway, not in Stockholm, Sweden, where the Nobel Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and the prize in economic sciences are awarded, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2021 The 2021 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Benjamin List and David WC MacMillan ‘for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis”. What is a catalyst? And what is catalysis? A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without taking part in the reaction, or without undergoing any changes during the chemical reaction. Catalysis is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a catalyst. ‘The major types of catalysts are metals and enzymes. Contributions of 2021 Nobel Prize Winners- asymmetric organocatalysis: 1n 2000, Dr. List and Dr. MacMillan, Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2024 | For Free Download: www.hsmoublshers.comMonthly HSM CSS Times Oct 2021 UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com Nobel Prize 2021 The chemical toolkit that won a Nobel = AA German anda Briton have won the Nobe Prize in chemistry for pioneering unique way to build molecules eT independent of each other, devel type of catalysis named asymmetric organocatalysis. The new catalysts, derived from naturally-occurring chemicals, were greener and cheaper, and ensured that the end product of the chemical reaction was of a specific variety — and did not need to go through a purification process to yield the desired type of compound How does it work? Organocatalysts bind to the reacting molecules to form short-lived intermediates that are more reactive than the substrate molecules on their own. Being chiral, the catalyst transfers its handedness to the substrate, controlling which side of the intermediate can react further. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2024 | Applications of organocatalysi COrganocatalysis finds several applications in pharmaceutical research and other industries. Ithas helped streamline the production of existing pharmaceuticals, including paroxetine, Used to treat anxiety and depression, and oseltamivir, a respiratory infection For Free Download: www.hsmoublshers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com ent HISM CSS Times Nobel Prize 2021 Physics Nobel Prize 2023 tht gang ceca nea U.S.-Japanese scientist Syukuro Manabe, Chemistry Nobel to Paul Crutzen in 1995, for his work on the ozone layer, is considered the only other time someone from atmospheric sciences has won this honour. st Nobel Prize in Physics was Klaus Hasselmann of Germany and Giorgio of Italy won the Nobel Physics ate models and the understanding of physical systems. Manabe, 90, and Dr. Hasselmann, 89, he share one half of the 10 million kronor {611 million) prize for their research on climate models, while Dr. Parisi, 73, won the ather half for his work on the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems. This is the first time climate scientists have been awarded the Physics Nobel. The IPCC had won the Peace Nobel in 2007, an acknowledgement of its efforts in creating awareness for the awarded to physicist Wilhelm Rontgen in recognition of the extraordinary services he rendered by the discovery of X-rays. This award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and is widely regarded as the most prestigious award that a scientist can receive in physics. Itis presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death. As of 2021 a total of 219 individuals have been awarded the prize, ANobel for simplifying complexities ‘Three scientists won the Nobel Prize fr physics on Tuesday for work that found order in disorder, helping to explain and predict complex forces of nature, including our understanding ofthe global climate crisis. MAKING SENSE OF aT as "COMPLEX SYSTEMS’ ry Psa Ferrey Global warming and Nobel Prizes: An old association nae ages ben aed AT MANABE i era Sonn go WHAT DID “ease THE TRIO eet WORK ON? ewe oan sn gal rae empearres real and very strong Ser tt ek ce ed decisions [regarding the ‘otic and aca ete ay 0, global climate crisis] and eee ee ti remove staveystong i fre eae — GIORGIO PARIS! “Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2021 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublshers.comMonthly HSM CSS Times Get 2021 Nobel Prize For Physiology Or Medicine 2021 ‘American scientists David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian have won the 2021 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch. David Julius Julius has been studying the different compounds in chili peppers and spider venom to understand how our bodi heat and chemical irritants, Decoding the neuroscience of pain can help develop new targets for pain therapy. In 1997, Dr Julius and his team published 2 paper in Nature detailing 1OW capsaicin, or the chemical ‘compound in chilli peppers, causes the sense UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com Nobel Prize 2021 LAST THREE NOBEL MEDICINE WINNERS Pr) ra They created a library of DNA fragments to understand the corresponding genes and finally discovered a new capsaicin receptor and named it TRPV1 This discovery paved the way for the identification of many other temperature-sensing receptors ‘Ardem Patapoutian Patapoutian helped discover a novel class of sensors in our skin and internal ‘organs that respond to cold and other mechanical stimuli. Independently of one another, both David Julius ang Ardem Patapoutian identified another new receptor called TRPMB, a receptor that is activated by cold. ‘A paper published in Cell in 2002 by Dr. Patapoutian and team explains that burning sensation, Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2024 | For Free Download: ww.hsmoublishers.comem UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com HSM CSSTimes Nobel Prize 2021 1 this new receptor is specifically identified a single gene, which when expressed in a subset of pain-and- silenced made the cel insensitive to temperature-sensing neurons. the poking. ‘Ardem Patapoutian and his team They named this new mechanosensitive ion channel Piezol. OO pa a Temperature Touch Heat pain Proprioception Core body temperature Mechanical pain Inflammatory pain Urination Neuropathic pain Respiration Visceral pain Blood pressure Protective reflexes Skeletal remodeling www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2024 | For Free Download: www.hsmoublshers.comHSM Understanding International Relations eI FT aa) | bere Seals} Syllabus Drees ce ered rele SOP yr bey Past Corny css a) Le lid eT rend foley ms eee eter’ te) Erroll) To Order Online DM or Whatsapp at © +92 324 8455780 Pa eed @ /hsmpublishers — # hsmpublishersMonthly HSM CSS Times et 2021 ‘Some touching research took the 2021 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine. David Julius of the University of California, San Francisco and Ardem Patapoutian of the Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, Calif, were awarded the prize October 4 for their research to identify sensors on nerve cells that detect heat, cold and pressure The laureates discovered proteins called receptors that turn the burning heat from chili peppers or a hot stove, menthol's cooling sensation or the pressure from a hug into nerve signals that can be sent to the brain. Those proteins are crucial to the sense of touch and for feeling pain. Recognizing basic research on touch is important because UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com Nobel Prize 2021 13 Discovering How We Sense Temperature and Touch “it's such an elemental function of the nervous system, which is how we react with our environment.” says Walter Koroshetz, director of the U.S. National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke in Bethesda, Md, The temperature sensors warn of danger from fire or extreme cold, said Abdel El Manira, a neuroscientist and a member of the Nobel Assembly of the Karolinska Institute, which awards the physiology or medicine prize. Touch receptors are important for feeling where our body parts are in space. “Without them, we would not be able to stand. We would not be able to touch or feel our surroundings,’ El Manira said. “Over the last Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2024 | For Free Download: www.hsmoublshers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times eam 2 year, we've been social distancing from one another. We have missed the sense of touch, the sense of the warmth we get from one another like during a hug, Despite its importance, "touch is perhaps the sense that people take mostly for granted” Patapoutian said Julius, a biochemist and molecular physiologist and Howard Hughes Medical Institute trustee, used capsaicin, the compound that gives chili peppers their heat, to discover receptor proteins that allow people to fee! chil's burn. At the time, he didnt know that the receptor, TRPV1, also responds to heat, he said during a news conference. That discovery came later. "Some of the great advances... in medicine started off with people just following their curiosity, without knowing in advance that they could one day be useful” Julius said The protein is an ion channel, a type of molecular gate nestled in a cell's membrane that opens or closes to control the flow of charged atoms or molecules into or out of the cell. In this case, when TRPV1 encounters capsaicin or heat, it opens, allowing charged calcium ions into the cell. That flood of calcium triggers electrical signals that are sent to the brain to warn of hot stuff Exactly how small changes in the protein's shape allow it to communicate to the brain small differences in temperature, such as, Sensing when a room gets a few degrees warmer than usual, is still a mystery that Julius hopes to solve, he said. Julius used the winter-fresh compound ‘menthol to uncover TRPM8, a cold-sensing receptor protein Working independently Nobel Prize 2021. Patapoutian, a neuroscientist and a Howard Hughes Medical institute investigator, simultaneously discovered that receptor After spending about a year poking nerve Cells in lab dishes, Patapoutian also discovered a receptor protein, PIEZO1, that opens in response to mechanical pressure. That protein, named after the Greek word for pressure, and another called PIEZO2 allow people to feel touch. PIEZO2 is the receptor on nerve cells in the skin called Merkel cells that sense light touches and caresses It also helps nerves in the lungs keep the organs from overinflating and is important for bladder and bowel functions. Children who lack PIEZO2 have balance problems and can't feel where their limbs are, Koroshetz says, “They have to look to see where their fingers are when they reach out to grab something.” Abnormal pressure sensing may contribute to glaucoma and high blood pressure, too. PIEZO! also is involved in regulating iron levels in the blood. Touch and temperature receptors may also be involved in processing pain. But despite the potential for drug development, pharmaceutical companies have struggled to develop new treatments using these channels, says Gary Lewin, whose lab at the Max Delbriick Center for Molecular Medicine in Berlin studies the molecular physiology of somatic sensation. ‘A major stumbling block comes from the fact that drugs targeting TRPV1, the receptor involved in sensing heat, tend to induce fever. Other closely related receptors may be more promising, says Lewin, “Both discoveries really boosted the field of pain research. But we're really at the beginning — there's a huge amount stil to be discovered” Treatments based on these receptors could provide an altemative to addictive pain medication, like opioids. Because the touch receptors are involved in so many body processes, treatments aimed at them will need to be localized, such as with skin patches or delivering medication directly to the affected organ, Patapoutian said. Julius and Patapoutian wil spit the prize of 10 million Swedish kronor, or more than $1.1 million. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2024 | For Free Download: www.hsmoublshers.comenw UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com fonthiy HSM CSS Times Ramon Magsaysay Award 63rd Ramon Magsaysay Award ant a PAKISTAN WINS. ASIAN NOBEL PRIZE DR. AMJAD SAQIB 2021 RAMON MAGSAYSAY AWARDEE Recently the Ramon Magsaysay Award 2021 was announced. The award is resented in a formal ceremony in fa, the capital of the Philippines on 31" August each year. A microfinance pioneer from Pakistan — who developed an interest-free microfinance programme — was among winners of Asia's equivalent to the Nobel Prize. Muhammad Amjad Sagib, 64, won the Ramon Magsaysay Award for his “first-of- its-kind’ interest- and collateral-free microfinance programme that catalysed scores of poor households, Key Points ‘The Ramon Magsaysay Award was established in 1957 and is considered Asia's premier prize and highest honour, Itis named after Ramon Magsaysay, the thid president of the Republic of the Philippines. Recognises and honours \dividuals and organisations in Asia, regardless of race, creed, gender, or nationality, who have achieved distinction and have helped others generously without aiming for public recognition. Till 2009, awards were t given in five categories: 0__Government service; tionally ublic service; community leadership: journalism, literature and creative ‘communication arts; and peace and international understanding. However, post 2009, the Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation annually selects the awardees for the field of Emergent Leadership. ‘Awardees are presented with a certificate, a medallion with an embossed image of Ramon Magsaysay and cash prize, The award is international recognized as the Nobel counterpart of A: Winners for 2021: Bangladesh's Dr. Firdausi Qadri (Affordable Vaccine Champion), Pakistan's Muhammad Amjad Sagib (Poverty Alleviation Visionary), Filipino fisher and community environmentalist Roberto Ballon, American Steven Muncy for humanitarian work and refugee assistance and Indonesian torch bearer for investigative Journalism, Watchdoc. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2024 | For Free Download: www.hsmoublshers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times Get 2021 Rohingya Crisis Bangladesh is planning to send more than 80,000 Rohingya refugees to a remote isiand- Bhasan Char- in the Bay of Bengal after sealing an agreement for the United Nations to provide help. Some 19,000 of the Musiim refugees from Myanmar have already relocated from crowded camps on the mainland to Bhashan Char island, despite doubts raised by aid groups. Background: Bhasan Char is an island specifically developed to accommodate 1,00,000 of the 1 million Rohingya who have fied from neighbouring Myanmar. While human rights groups have criticised the move and some are being “Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2021 | International Relations 16 C or 5 Y aanepapesn 7 Seaiiee Bay of Bengal Str forced to go against their will, the government has insisted that refugees ‘moving to the island have done so voluntarily. Who are Rohingyas? They are an Ethnic group, mostly Muslims. They were not granted full citizenship by Myanmar. They were classified as “resident foreigners or associate citizens’ Ethnically they are much closer to Indo-Aryan people of India and Bangladesh than to the Sino-Tibetans of the Country. Described by UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres as “one of, if not the, most discriminated people in the world”. For Free Download: www.hsmoublshers.comMonthly HSM CSS Times. UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com What is CAATSA? Countering America's Adversaries through Sanctions Act (CAATSAY's core objective is to counter Iran, Russia and North Korea through punitive measures, Enacted in Theludes sanctions agai t countries that engage in significant transactions with Russia's defence and intelligence Background of CAATSA The Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act came against the backdrop of three events that would have serious implications regarding geopolitics. They are as International Relations United States Government believed that any progress in Iran's nuclear missile program would further destabilize the Middle-East as Iran has repeatedly made threats against Israel, a key NATO and United States ally, The CAATSA gives authority to the President of the United States to impose sanctions agair involved in the sale and transfer of military technology to Iran Curbing Russian influence: The Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014 and allegations of interventions in the US polls of 2016 was the catalyst for the CAATSA against Russia. Under the act sanctions can be imposed on Russia should the state or private individuals be found involved in activities such as cybersecurity, crude oil projects, financial institutions, corruption, human rights abuses etc North Korea and weapons of mass destruction: North Korea has a nuclear ‘weapons military program and as of 2020 it's estimated missile arsenal ides 30-40 warheads with enough fissile materials to produce 6-7 missiles per year, North Korea has made Tepeated threats against its South follows: Korea repeatedly and also against the Iran's Nuclear Missiles Program: United States. .gazine) | Oct 2021 | For Free Download: wwwrhsmpublsherHSM European History has been has been divided into 13 chapters namely, French Revolution of 1789, Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte, and Congress of Vienna Industrial Revolution, Unification of Italy and Germany, Imperialism and Colonialism, Russian Revolution, World War I, World War II, iberation from ‘Colonial Rule, Post far Foundations: NATO and European Community and Fall of the Soviet Union;; expansion and development of the European Union to Europe from 1991 to 2020. As the book has been designed strictly on the lines of latest FPSC Syllabus for CSS Exam and keeping in mind the changing nature of the civil services examinations, this book will serve as an impeccable tool gettin thoroug knowledge of the European History. Written in an accessible and student-friendly style, this a Oe teea ee ku ae a cre cal cartoons and it also contains previous years Saitou een TSA E For Online Booking +92 324 8455780 CENUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com HISM CSS Times Environment eee High Ambition Coalition for Nature and and south; European, Latin American People, was initiated at the “One Planet Africa and Asia countries are among Summit” in Paris in January 2021, the members. It is co-chaired by Costa Rica and France and by the United Kingdom as Ocean co-chair. High Ambition Coalition (HAC) is a group of more than 70 countries encouraging the adoption of the global goal to protect 3030. HAC champions a global deal for nature and people with the central goal of protecting at least 30 percent of world’s land and ocean bby 2030. The 30x30 target isa global target which aims to halt the accelerating loss of species, and protect vital ecosystems that are the source of our economic security. HAC members currently include a mix of countries in the global north Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2021 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublshers.com_ UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com _HSM CSS Times World Reports A virtual two-day CAF range countries Whatis a flyway? meeting was held recently A flyway isa geographical region within Wha ration? Why is it significant? which a single or a group of migratory Migration is an adaptation mechanism to species completes its annual cycle ~ breeding, help birds overcome weather adversities and moulting, staging and non-breeding, tunavailabilty of food in colder regions. The importance of bird migrations on the health of the ecosystems is well- established Saving migratory birds means saving the wetlands, terrestrial habitats and saving of an ecosystem, benefiting communities dependent on wetlands, Challenges faced by migratory birds: ‘Accelerated habitat loss globally during the lst decade. About the Central Asian Flyway: Decreased area under water bodies, Central Asian Flyway (CAF) covers a wetlands, natural grasslands and large area of Eurasia between the forests Arctic and Indian Oceans. Increased weather variability, and Including Pakistan, there are 30 climate change have resulted in loss of ‘countries under the Central Asian biodiversity for the migratory birds. Flyway Way aheas The CAF comprises several important Conserving migratory birds requires migration routes of waterbirds, most of cooperation and coordination elong the which extend from the northernmost entire Central Asian Flyway (CAF) between breeding grounds in Siberia to the countries and across national boundaries southemmost non-breeding wintering Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2024 | For Free Download: www.hsmoublshers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com World Reports PS men 7 33 370 310 | Sete, Pe ee SM ee eM pean De CMT go) STs LT ety Tree} There are nine flyways in the world Z : (A flyway is a y geographical region Sores bel perro single or a group of 5 i i Cosi} coabiated nc aca! MC Cg cycle - breeding, Me edhe moulting, staging and non-breeding) Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2024 | For Free Download: www.hsmoublshers.comMonthly HSM CSS Times Get 2021 grounds in West Asia, Pakistan, the Maldives and the British Indian Ocean Territory, The Central Asian Flyway (CAF) covers a large continental area of Eurasia between the Arctic and Indian Oceans and the associated island chains. The Flyway comprises several important migration routes of waterbirds, most of which extend from the northemmost breeding grounds in the Russian Federation (Siberia) to the southernmost non-breeding (wintering) grounds in West and South Asia, the Maldives and the British Indian Ocean Territory. The birds on their annual migration cross the borders of several countries. Geographically the flyway region covers 30 countries of North, Central and South Asia and Trans-Caucasus. There is an overlap between the CAF and the area of the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA), which was concluded in 1995, at The Hague, the Netherlands. Sixteen out of the thirty countries encompassed by the CAF are located in the AEWA Agreement Area, The CAF covers at least 279 populations of 182 migratory waterbird species, including 29 Black SeaiMeditorarean Flyway © EAARP Secretariat Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2024 | UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com World Reports 2 globally threatened and near-threatened species, which breed, migrate and winter within the region. Of those populations, over 50 per cent (145 populations) are covered by AEWA. Many waterbird populations are declining rapidly and the wetlands, grasslands and other habitats upon which they depend are seriously threatened along the CAF due to uncontrolled hunting, habitat degradation, unsustainable water management, and lack of law enforcement and conservation capacity. Why do countries need to protect Flyways? ‘Approximately one in five of the world's 11,000 bird species migrate, some covering enormous distances Conserving migratory birds requires cooperation and coordination along the entire flyway between countries and across national boundaries. Safeguarding fiyways means protecting the birds from poachers, rejuvenating wetlands among others. Saving the wetlands, terrestrial habitats help in fulfilling the bigger purpose of saving an ecosystem. For Free Download: www.hsmpublshers.comHSM Optional Subjects MCQs Series Agriculture&Forestry MCQs For CSS/PCS/PMS/NTS/NAT/GAT (Subject)/Lecturer Agriculture Officer/Forest Officer And All Other Competitive Exams Eu VRC CEST 71 a —UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com Health Monthly HSM CSS Times et 2021 RTS,S/ASO1 (RTS.S), trade name Mosq) was recently endorsed by the World Healt Organisation (WHO). Mosquirix is a vaccine that is given to children aged 6 weeks to 17 months to help protect against malaria caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The vaccine should only be used in areas of the world where malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum is prevalent, and according to official recommendations in those areas, Mosquirix also helps protect against infection of the liver with the hepatitis B virus but should not be used only for this purpose. About Malaria: Malaria is @ life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Malaria burden across the world: Malaria is most endemic in Africa, with Nigeria, Congo, Tanzania, Mozambique, Niger and Burkina Faso together accounting for over half the yearly deaths. Even now, the disease kills over four lakh every year, according to WHO figures. Children aged under 5 years are the most vulnerable group affected by malaria; in 2019, they accounted for 67% (274,000) of ail malaria deaths worldwide, It is estimated that there are 1 milion suspected and 300,000 confirmed malaria cases are reported each year from Pakistan. Around 50,000 deaths due to Malaria ‘occurred every year in the country Countries that have eliminated malaria: Countries that have achieved at least 3 Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2024 | For Free Download: www.hsmoublshers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times Get 2021 consecutive years of zero indigenous cases of malaria are eligible to apply for the WHO certification of malaria elimination, Over the last two decades, 11 countries have been certified by the WHO Director-General as malaria-free: United Arab Emirates (2007), Morocco (2010), Turkmenistan (2010), Armenia (2011), Sri Lanka (2016), Kyrgyzstan (2016), Paraguay (2018), Uzbekistan (2018), Algeria (2019), Health i) Argentina (2019), and El Salvador (2021). Challenges ahead: The latest vaccine is considered only the first step towards effective immunisation of the global population against malaria. This vaccine is able to prevent severe cases of malaria in only 30 percent of the cases, and the quest for more effective vaccines is still underway. Reasons for the failure to develop a malaria vaccine so far: 1. The complesity of the life-cycle of the malaria-causing parasite, a part of which is spent in the human host. 2. These parasites are also able to hide inside human cells to avoid being recognised by the immune system, creating further challenges. 3. Lack of funding and interest in developing a malaria vaccine. 4. The vaccine manufacturers have little incentive for malaria vaccines. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2024 | For Free Download: www.hsmoublshers.comMonthly HSM CSS Times et 2021 he Interpol has launched an or ‘campaign to apprise people of major cyberthreats to help them protect their computer systems, networks and personal information from cybercriminals, The three-week campaign, from October 4 to 22, would be run primarily through social media, Objective of the campaig With cyber threats becaming increasingly sophisticated, in addition to increased levels of remote work and dependence on digital devices, the campaign will focus on ransomware, online scams and phishing, and business email compromise. What is Interpol? The International Criminal Police Organisation, or Interpol, is a 194-member intergovernmental organisation Headquartered in Lyon, France. Formed in 1923 as the International Criminal Police Commission, and started calling itself Interpol in 1956. Pakistan joined the organisation June 1956. Interpol's declared global polici UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com Cyber Crime INTERPOL ‘Countering terrorism, promoting border integrity worldwide, protection of vulnerable communities, providing a secure cyberspace for people and businesses, curbing illicit markets, supporting environment security, and promoting global integrity Tactics The most common tactics used by cyber criminals can be categorized into four major groups: hacking, social engineering, exploitation of user errors and malware, Hacking often refers to brute force attacks, during which cyber criminals attempt to find cd combinations or hidden web pages goals includ jal and error. Hacking also refers to the Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2021 | For Free Download: www.hsmoublshers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times = a simple usage of stolen credentials obtained on Dark Web marketplaces or other cyber attack tactics. About 80% of hacking attacks Use either brute force or stolen credentials, while the rest uses vulnerability with various levels of sophistication (Verizon, 2020) Social engineering tactics mostly refer to phishing campaigns during which cyber criminals send mass e-mails or text messages, pretending to be a legitimate institution and asking for credentials or other sensitive information. For example, during the COVID- 19 lockdown, cyber criminals have impersonated the Canadian Revenue Agency and lured people into divulging personal and banking information to obtain Canadian Emergency Response Benefit (CERB) payments. Exploitation of user errors relies on the misconfiguration of cloud-based storage and other tools accessible by the public, or on the misdelivery of sensitive information, usually through e-mails sent to the wrong recipients. Malware exists in many forms but generally Consists of programs inadvertently installed on users’ devices, often through malicious e- ‘mail attachments or links. Unnoticeable programs designed to capture and transmit passwords or other sensitive information are the most prevalent forms of malware Ransomware is another common type of malware. It threatens to publish or destroy data unless a ransom is paid. Ransomware has flourished with the rise of cryptocurrencies as they allow for untraceable payment methods and facilitate the laundering of cyber criminality profits Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2024 | __Cyber Crime User error exploitation and social engineering tactics are becoming the most prevalent tactics, slowly replacing malware. This change is driven by the growing number of unsuspecting end users caused by the wider adoption of digital technologies. Additionally, improvements of cyber security standards have rendered ineffective many older and simpler malware codes. What is the Interpol General Assembly? Itis Interpo''s supreme governing body, and comprises representatives from all its member countries. It meets annually for a session lasting approximately four days, to vote on activities and policy. Each country is represented by one or more delegates at the Assembly, who are typically chiefs of law enforcement agencies The Assembly also elects the members of the Interpol Executive Committee, the governing body which “provides guidance and direction in between sessions of the Assembly’ NMP SM a aca ea For Free Download: www.hsmoublshers.comLe) your Chances to Succeeed in English (Precis & Composition) & tye) CSS 2022 To Order Online DM or Whatsapp at BE aye Gy eH OWA dicated ueda UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com _HSMCSSTimes Territorial Disputes 4 Dispute over Senkaku Islands in Japan Tensions in Indo-Pacific: For peace, enunciate clearly New Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida effective control of the SCS, an area of has said that he received a ‘strong’ message _ strategic, political, and economic importance from President Joe Biden about the United _to the United States and its allies and States’ commitment to defending the disputed East China Sea islets, known as the Senkaku Islands in Japan. Over the past several years, the South China Sea (SCS) has emerged as an arena of US.- China strategic competition. China's actions in the SCS—including extensive island-building and base-construction activities at sites that it ‘occupies in the Spratly Islands, as well as actions by its maritime forces to assert China's claims against competing claims by regional neighbors such as the Philippines and Vietnam—have heightened concerns among U.S. observers that China is gaining Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2024 | For Free Download: www.hsmoublshers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times partners, Actions by China's maritime forces at the Japan-administered Senkaku Islands in the East China Sea (ECS) are another concern for US. observers, Chinese domination of China's rnear-seas region—meaning the SCS and ECS, along with the Yellow Sea—could substantially affect US. strategic, political, and economic interests in the Indo-Pacific region and elsewhere. As per the US-Japan security treaty, the U.S. has obligations to defend Japan, which cover the uninhabited island, Tensions between China and Japan over the contested Senkaku/Diaoyu islands continue to increase as both countries improve thei military capabilities, particularly their radar and missile systems, in the region. To avoid accidental clashes at air and sea, China and Japan announced anew crisis communication hotline in June 2018. However, although Japan's Ministry of Defense reported that the number of times Japan's military had to scramble jets in response to Chinese air incursions went dawn 41 percent in 2017, that number increased in 2018 and is on trend to continue increasing in 2019 Recently, Japan has built new military bases on nearby islands, allegedly to monitor the Miyako and Tokara Straits and prevent China from further developing its military capabilities in the region, About Senkaku Islands: The Senkaku Islands are located in the East China Sea between Japan, the People's, Territorial Disputes China (Taiwan). The archipelago contains five uninhabited islands and three barren rocks, ranging in size from 800 m2 to 4.32 km2. What are the grounds for Japan's territorial sovereignty over the Senkaku Islands? The Senkaku Islands were not included in the territory which Japan renounced under Article 2 of the San Francisco Peace Treaty of 1951 that legally defined the territory of Japan after World War I. Under Article 3 of the treaty, the islands were placed under the administration of the United States as part of the Nansei Shoto Islands, The Senkaku Islands are included in the areas whose administrative rights were reverted to Japan in accordance with the ‘Agreement between Japan and the United States of America Concerning the Ryukyu Islands and the Daito Islands that entered into force in 1972, What is China's claim? China says that the islands have been part ofits territory since ancient times, serving as important fishing grounds administered by the province of Taiwan, Taiwan was ceded to Japan in the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895, after the Sino: Japanese war, ‘When Taiwan was returned in the Treaty of San Francisco, China says the islands should have been returned too. What next? The Senkaku/Diaoyu issue highlights the more robust attitude China has been taking to its territorial claims in both the East China Sea, the South China Sea and also on the Indian side, Other border disputes of China: Ithas island and maritime border disputes with Talwan, Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Vietnam in the South China Sea and its extension. The disputes include islands, reefs, banks and other features in the South China Sea including Spratly Islands (with Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei Taiwan), Paracel Islands (Vietnam), Scarborough Shoal (Philippines), and Republic of China, and the Republic of Gulf of Tonkin (Vietnam Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2024 | For Free Download: www.hsmoublshers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times Get 2021 Territorial Disputes 4 Indian Ocean border dispute between Kenya and Somalia: Kenya has said it rejected the jurisdiction of the United Nations International Court of Justice (ICJ) ahead of a ruling next week on its long-running maritime border dispute with Somali Ie said, as a sovereign nation, Kenya shall no longer be subjected to an international court or tribunal without its, express consent, The main point of disagreement between the two neighbours is the direction in which their maritime boundary in the Indian Ocean should extend, Where is the disputed area? ‘According to Somalia, the sea border should be an extension of the same direction in which their land border runs as it approaches the Indian Ocean, ie. towards the southeast. Kenya, on the other hand, argues that the territorial southeast border should take a 45 degree turn as it reaches the sea, and then run in a latitudinal direction, ie. parallel to the equator. Such an arrangement would be advantageous for Kenya, whose coastline of 536 km is more than 6 times smaller than Somalia's (3,333 km) Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2024 | Why is this area important? The triangular area thus created by the dispute is around 16 lakh sq km large, and boasts of rich marine reserves. Its also believed to have oil and gas deposits. About IC: IC) was established in 1945 by the United Nations charter and started working in April 1946, Itis the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, situated at the Peace Palace in The Hague (Netherlands). Unlike the six principal organs of the United Nations, itis the only one not located in. New York (USA) For Free Download: ww.hsmoublishers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times Get 2021 Itsetties legal disputes between States and gives advisory opinions in accordance with international law, on legal questions referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies. ee tae Structure: The Court is composed of 15 judges, Who are elected for terms of office of nine years by the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council. These organs vote simultaneously but separately. In order to be elected, a candidate must receive an absolute majority of the votes in both bodies. In order to ensure a measure of continuity, one third of the Court is elected every three years and Judges are eligible for re-election. TCI is assisted by a Registry, its administrative organ. Its official languages are English and French. ; 7g ese se The 15 judges of the Court are in following regions: 1. Three from Africa 2. Two from Latin America and Caribbean, 3. Three from Asia 4, Five from Western Europe and other states. 5.__Two from Eastern Europe. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2024 | _Territorial Disputes 2 We ogee eur rans na ac Py aL ae AA Jurisdiction and Functioning: IC) acts as a world court with two fold Jurisdiction ie. legal disputes between States submitted to it by them (contentious cases) and requests for advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by United Nations organs and specialized agencies {advisory proceedings). Only States which are members of the United Nations and which have become parties to the Statute of the Court or which have accepted its jurisdiction under certain conditions, are parties to contentious cases. The judgment is final, binding on the parties to a case and without appeal (at the most it may be subject to interpretation or, upon the discovery of anew fact, revision) For Free Download: www.hsmoublshers.comHSM Armed Forces Books To get book at your doorstep or Whatsapp at : 0308-4544244 eats DELIVERY CNS For Online Booking Core PRESET IB ce on yenvent lod taeReey nnMonthly HSM CSS Times ct 2021 UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com ) Bee) Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network Report Global warming helped wipe out 14 percent of the world's coral reefs between 2009 and 2018, according to a recent Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network report Context: Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN) has released a report on the status of coral reefs across the world The report, the first of its kind in 13 years, underlined the catastrophic consequences of global warming but said that some coral reefs can be saved by arresting greenhouse gases. Highlights of the report: L. In the last decade, the world lost about 14 per cent of its coral reefs, 2. Threats: Ocean-acidification, warmer sea temperatures and local stressors 3. Lunsustainable tourism and poor coastal management. Impact of global warming: Coral reefs across the world are under relentless stress from warming caused by climate change. Coral bleaching events caused by rise in elevated sea surface temperatures (SST) were responsible for coral loss. Loss of hard coral cover: There has been a steady decrease in hard coral cover in the last four decades since 1978 when the world lost nine per cent ofits corals. The decrease is disconcerting because live hard coral cover is an indicator of coral reef health Algal bloom: Algal bloom on coral ridges are a sign of stress on the structures. Since 2010, the amount of algae on the world’s coral reefs has increased by about 20 per cent. Why conserve corals? Corals occupy less than one per cent of the ocean floor but over one billion people benefit directly from the reefs, The value of goods and services provided by coral reefs is estimated to be $2.7 trillion per year. This includes $36 billion in coral reef tourism. Such as overfishing, pollution, ‘The net economic value of the world's Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2024 | For Free Download: www.hsmoublshers.coma UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com BSMCSSTimes Global Warming The Biggest Coral Reef Regions of the World we Size of largest reef areas by GCRMN region (in thousand km?) @ Mean long-term decline in live coral cover (in %)" East Asian Seas (UNNNINTE| «17 Pacific es =—8 70 Australia J 41 @ 100 Caribbean J 26 @72 come he - Red Sea and GurrofAden inl 14 @ 41 South Asia (UN) 11 @28 ROPME Sea Area || 2 : * Difference between first survey (select regions, 1978) and most recent survey (2019). No long-term data available for Western indian Ocean and ROPME Sea Area. Source: Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network coral reefs could be nearly tens of lives inthe tissues of the coral in a symbiotic billions of dollars per year. relationship. Challenges ahead: ‘About 90% of the energy of the coral 1. Persistent rise of land and sea is provided by the zooxanthellae which are endowed with chlorophyll and other pigments. They are responsible for the yellow or temperatures is a threat to corals. 2. The survival of corals is likely to drop Below 20 per cent i see surtace reddish brown colours of the host espe atures iene iy ore eae Coral. In addition the zooxanthellae 3._All of the world’s reefs will bleach by can live as endosymbionts with jellyfish the end of the century unless the ae world acts together to reduce carbon When a coral bleaches, it does not die emissions. but comes pretty close to it. Some of What is bleaching? the corals may survive the experience Basically bleaching is when the corals expel a and recover once the sea surface certain algae known as zooxanthellae, which temperature returns to normal levels. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2024 | For Free Download: www.hsmoublshers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times Get 2021 World Reports Terrestrial Water Sto: Pas ee an) Laon ~ Ground water and ice: Ta WMO Report on Terrestrial Water Storage (TWS) Loss ‘report on terrestrial water storage (TWS) loss- 2021 State of Climate Services- was recently released by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Terrestrial water storage (TWS) dropped at a rate of 1 cm per year in 20 years (2002-2021), according to a new report 2021 State of Climate Services released by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The biggest losses have occurred in Antarctica and Greenland. But many highly populated, lower latitude locations have also experienced TWS losses, according to the report. ‘What is terrestrial water storage (TWS)? WS is the sum of all water on the land surface and in the subsurface, ie surface water, soil moisture, snow and ice and ground water. Highlights of the report: 1. Overall, terrestrial water storage (TWS) dropped at a rate of 1 cm per year in 20 years (2002-2021). 2. 1e biggest losses have occurred in Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2024 | 3. Many highly populated, lower latitude locations have also experienced TWS losses. 4. India is the ‘topmost hotspot of ‘TWS loss’: India has recorded the highest loss in terrestrial water storage if the loss of water storage in Antarctica and Greenland is excluded, 5, In India, the TWS has been lost at a rate of at least 3 cm per year. In some regions, the loss has been over 4 cm per year too. 6. The northern part of India has experienced the maximum loss within the country. Challenges ahead: Water resources across the world are under tremendous pressure due to human and These include population growth, Urbanisation and decreasing availability of freshwater. Extreme weather events too have been responsible for the pressure on water resources realised across sectors and regions. For Free Download: ww.hsmoublishers.comFreee aT BOOK HOUSE One of the leading Book Store in Pakistan We Deal All Subjects Ss, PMS, Medical, Technical, College Books, © Level and A Level. All Kind of Book Are Available Here Discover our full range of books at ilmipk.com Join Us On Whatsapp 03364414150, 03214414150 Chowk Urdu Bazar Lahore (Pakistan).UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times 9202 ~ YRS Pakistan was ranked at which posi Global Innovation Index 2021? (@) 55 (b) 66 99 (a) 122 Answer: (3) Pakistan has jumped up & places to 99th in 2021 from 107th in 2020 on the Global Innovation Index. The country has been ranked at 17th place among the 34 lower- middle-income countries on the lst while it hhas been placed at 7th position among the 10 economies in Central and South Asian CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQs National & International | CURRENT 8 MCQs = countries on the list. Benjamin List and David W.C. MacMillan have won 2021 Nobel Prize in which category? (@) Chemistry (b) Physics (0 Literature (6) Peace The 2021 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been jointly awarded to Benjamin List and David W.C. MacMillan. Benjamin List from Germany Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2024 | For Free Download: www.hsmoublshers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times Get 2021. and Scottish-born David MacMillan have been honoured for developing new tools for building molecules that have helped in making new drugs and are more environmentally friendly Who have been jointly awarded Nobel Prize in Medicine 2021? (@) David Julius, Ardem Patapoutian (b) Manabe, Hasselmann, (©) Hasselmann, Parisi (6) Benjamin List and David WC. Macmillan Answer: (3) The Nobel Prize in Medicine 2021 has been Jointly awarded to David Julius, Ardem Patapoutian on October 4, 2021, for the discoveries on receptors for temperature and touch. Both the scientists are from the United States. Which nation plans to launch a mission to explore an asteroid between Mars and Jupiter? (us (b) China Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2024 | CURRENT AFFAIRSMCQs MY (UAE (6) Japan Answer: © The United Arab Emirates Answer: (UAE) on October 5, 2021 announced plans to launch @ probe to explore an asteroid between Mars and Jupiter to collect data on the origins of the universe, When was World's Teachers; Day 2021 observed? (@) October 3rd (b) October ath (©) October Sth (d) October 6th Answer: © World Teachers’ Day or International Teachers’ Day is observed every year globally (on October 5, The day raises the issues and concerns related to the teachers and teaching, When wass World Cotton Day observed? (a) October 4th (b) October Sth For Free Download: www.hsmoublshers.comMonthly HSM CSS Times Get 2021 (©) October 6th (@) October 7th Answer: (d) World Cotton Day is observed annually on October 7 to raise awareness about the Cotton sector and the critical role it plays in international trade, economic development, and poverty alleviation Who has won the Nobel Prize for Literature 2021? (@) Benjamin List (b) David W.C. MacMillan (©) Abdulrazak Gurnah (d) Klaus Hassel mann Answer: © Novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah has been awarded the 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature for his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the gulf between cultures and continents, Which country has test-fired its first Zircon hypersonic missile from a nuclear submarine? (@) Israel (b) North Korea (© Russia (@) Iran Answer: © The Russian Defense Ministry announced that, UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQs 4 ‘Answer: Zircon) hypersonic cruise missile from a nuclear submarine. Know key details about the modernization of Russian Defence. Who is set to become the next Prime Minister of Japan? (@) Fumio Kishida (b) Taro Kono (©) Sange Takaichi (d) Seiko Noda Answer: (a) Fumio Kishida is set to become the new Prime Minister of Japan after he was elected as the leader of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party. He will succeed outgoing party leader Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga, who had earlier announced his decision to step down from the position after serving for just a year. Who is the first female chancellor of Germany? {@) Helle Thorning-Schmidt (0) Angela Merkel Russia successfully test-launched a Tsirkon Theresa May Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2024 | For Free Download: www.hsmoublshers.comenw UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com fonthiy HSM CSS Times CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQs _ A (d) Michelle Bachelet Venezuela on October 1, 2021 introduced 2 new currency with six fewer zeros. The Arower: (2) highest denomination of the new currency — will be 100 bolivars, as compared to the fae e F earlier higher denomination of 1 million ior bolivar. alissea Najla Bouden has been named as the first female Prime Minister-designate of which among the following countries? (@) Algeria (©) Libya The incumbent German Chancellor Angela. _(e) Chad Merkel did not run in the 2021 German (6) Tunisia national elections, marking the first time in the history of the Federal Republic that an incumbent did not run. She has decided to retire after serving as German Chancellor for 16 years. Angela Merkel had taken office in 2005, becoming the first female chancellor of Germany, Ever since she took office, she has been described as the de facto leader of the European Union, the most powerful woman and one of the world's most successful political leaders. Which country has introduced a new currency with six fewer zeros? Answer: (d) Tunisia’s president on September 29, 2021 (@) Brazil named Najla Bouden as the country’s first: (©) Venezuela ever female prime minister-designate and (© Colombia charged her with the task of forming a ores government as quickly as possible. ‘ Which nation's president has declared a Answer: (b) prison emergency after 116 people were killed in a riot? (@) Peru Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2024 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublshers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS — Oct 2021. (by Venezuela (6) Ecuador (@) Bolivia Answer: © Ecuador's president has declared a state of emergency in the prison system after almost 116 peopie were Killed and around 80 injured ina battle among gang members, one of the worst prison bloodbaths ever in the nation. Which country will buy French warsi a new multi-billion-euro defence deal (a) Turkey (by Italy (©) Greece (@) Brazil Answer: © — TA France and Greece announced a new multi: billion-euro defence deal on September 28, 2021. Greece will buy three French warships as a part of the deal to boost its defence Capacities in the Eastern Mediterranean amid recurring tensions with the longtime foe Turkey, Who has become the first F1 driver to win 1100 races? (@) Fernando Alonso (b) Lewis Hamilton (€) Sabastion Vettel (2) Kimi Raikkonen () Lewis Hamilton became the first Formula One ‘Answer: (F1) driver to win 100 races on Answer CURRENT AFFAIRSMCQs #2 September 26, 2021 after finishing first in the 2021 Russian Grand Prix. This was the Sth win for Hamilton in the Russian Grand Prix season and the first since the British Grand Prix in duly 2021. Which country will be lifting its 18-month International border restrictions in November 20212 (@) New Zealand (b) North Korea (c) United States (@) Australia Answer: (i) Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison announced on October 1, 2021 that an 18- ‘month ban on Australians travelling abroad will be lifted from next month, easing one of the toughest COVID-19 restrictions imposed globally Sri Lanka has banned the import of ‘organic fertilisers manufactured in which country? (a) China (b) Pakistan Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2024 | For Free Download: www.hsmoublshers.comPP Todas) 0 2005-2020 mane 7 ee a English a PPSC faa anal LW sts ASH ON z LIVERY} Dob bea O stp sie etiteg © +92 324 8455780 {@ /hsmpublishersUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times Get 2021 (©) India (@) Japan Answer: (a) Sri Lanka has banned the import of organic fertilisers manufactured in China after the agriculture authorities in the country detected harmful bacteria in them for the second time. When was World Maritime Day 2021 observed? (@) September 27th (b) September 28th (©) September 29th (@) September 30th Answer: (3) CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQs 44 What is the name of the satellite that has been launched recently by NASA to be its new eyes in the sky? (a) Landsat 9 (©) Ragnak I (© Sparta (d) Earthsat 3 Answer: (a) NASA successfully launched Landsat 9 on an Atlas V rocket on September 27, 2021, from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California, Landsat 9 is a powerful satellite that will monitor the land surface of Earth and help study climate change. “Landsat 9 will be our new eyes in the sky when it comes to observing our changing planet” said Thomas Zurbuchen, Associate Administrator for Science at NASA. When is World Heart Day observed? (@) September 26th (b) September 27th The World Maritime Day is observed every year by the International Maritime Organization Answer: (IMO). The day is normally observed during the last Thursday of September. World Maritime Day 2021 was gbserved on September 30,2021 i Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2024 | For Free Download: www.hsmoublshers.comMonthly HSM CSS Times Oct 2021 (c) September 28th (@) September 29th Answer: (d) September 29th World Heart Day is observed and celebrated annually on September 29, with the aim to increase awareness regarding cardiovascular diseases and how to control them to negate their global impact. When is World Rabies Day 2021 observed? (a) September 26th (b) September 27th (©) September 28th (6) September 29th Answer: © World Rabies Day is observed every year on September 28, 2021 to raise awareness and prevention of rabies. The day aims at bringing people, organizations, governments, and stakeholders together to fight against rabies. The date September 28 marks the death anniversary of Louis Pasteur who was the first person to create a vaccine against rabies in 1885. When is International Day for Universal Access of Information observed? (a) September 30th (b) September 28th (©) September 27th (4) September 26th Answer: (b) ee Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2024 | UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQs 45 PINs ACCESS TO The Intemational Day for Universal Access of Information will be observed on September 28, 2021. The 2021 theme of the day is "The Right to Know ~ Building Back Better with Access to Information” The theme aims to highlight that the public's need for accurate and reliable information has never been stronger than now, as countries’ struggle to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic rebuild communities and institutions. Moeen Ali has announced retirement from Test cricket. He played for which country's national cricket test team? (@) England (©) South Africa (© Pakistan (@ Bangladesh ‘Answer: (a) England all-rounder Moeen Ali announced his retirement from Test cricket on September 27, 2021. The 34-year-old who made his Test debut in 2014 has played 64 Tests and picked up 195 wickets and scored five centuries during his test career. The announcement For Free Download: www.hsmoublshers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS wwww.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times Get 2021 Which party has narrowly won the 2021 German National Elections? (@) Greens (b) Christian Democratic Union of Germany (© Social Democratic Party (@) Free Democrats Answer: © The Social Democratic Party has reportedly won 26 percent of the vote in the 2021 German National Elections, ahead of 24.5 percent vote won by Angela Merkel's CDU/CSU conservative bloc, as per the projected results revealed on September 26, 2021. Neither bloc has won 2 majority and they are not very keen to form a grand coalition like they did in the past four years. When is World Tourism Day observed? (@) September 25th (©) September 26th (© September 27th (@) September 28th Answer: (c) CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQs 4 World Tourism Day is observed every year on September 27. The day marks the anniversary Of the adoption of the Statues of Organization in 1970 which paved the way for the establishment of the World Tourism Organisation Answer: (UNWTO) Which country has banned cryptocurrency? (us (b) France (©) China (a) UK Answer: © China's central bank, the People's Bank of China, on September 24, 2021, announced that ail transactions of crypto-currencies are illegal, effectively banning financial activities involving cryptocurrencies, such as trading crypto, selling tokens, transactions involving virtual currency derivatives. China had banned trading cryptocurrency in 2019 but the nation remained as one of the world's largest cryptocurrency markets. Which nation always speaks first at the UN General Assembly? (@) us () UK (© France (@ Brazil Answer: (d) Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | Oct 2021 | For Free Download: www.hsmoublshers.com