What is Nursing Research?

- Systematic inquiry of facts or issues related to nursing.

Goal
- To improve the client care – best answer(client-centered)
Outcome
- Evidence based practice
o Choosing the best possible research to client care.
- Sample question
o What is the BEST nxg method to confirm the placement of NGT?
a. X-ray – nurse cannot do this
b. Auscultate gurgling sound – considered inaccurate/obsolete
c. Aspirate gastric content and check ph
d. Instill air – considered inaccurate /Obsolete

Research Design – blueprint of research – roadmap – guide in data collection

Types of research design:
- Quantitative – study of cause – effect relationship
2 types of quantitative
o Experimental Research
 Manipulation/ with IV
 If IV is beneficial
- Elements
o Manipulation
o Control – Minimize bias and improve results
 Two groups:
 Experimental Group – IV/trx
 Control Group – for comparison
o Randomization – Ensures the groups are EQUAL chance of being EG/CG.
o Non- Experimental / observational study
 No Manipulation/ no IV – Status, Age, disease, Etc.
 Cannot give IV if it is Harmful/ unethical
 IV must be inherent to the subject
- Types of non-experimental
o Descriptive research – to describe the variables (WHAT?).
Purpose:
- To identify new concept ( getting opinions)
- To gather Prevalence, Occurrence, Characteristic

o Descriptive Correlational – Studies the relationship of variables that co-exist

(Association)
o Descriptive Comparative - studies the cause and effect relationship of variables by
comparing two groups. ( causation, point out).
 2 groups:
Experimental group – Subject with IV received.
Control Group – Comparison – No IV
2 Approaches:
  Retrospective- Going back – cross-sectional data collection (happens 1 point in
time)
 IV – past
 DV - Present
 Prospective – Going forward – Longitudinal data collection (happens months or
even years).
 IV- Present
 DV - Future
Samples
1. The effect of young maternal age on the infant’s birthweight - Experimental
2. The effect of malunggay capsule in promoting lactation - experimental
3. The effect of widowhood on the psychological well being of women – non experimental
4. The effect of smoking in the development of lung cancer. – Non experimental
Sample
1. The effect of young maternal age on the infant’s birthweight in mother of brgy. skkrt.
2. The effect of malunggay capsule in promoting lactation among breastfeeding mom.

- Qualitative – study of phenomena ( Real-world Experience

Data collection – interview
Types:
- Phenomenological
o Lived Experiences
- Ethnographical
o Study of Culture (Ethno = culture)
o Focus – Language, Artifacts, Benefits / Tradition
o Data collection through Immersion