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Design and Performance Optimization of WDM Lightwave System Using

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Article  in  National Academy Science Letters · February 2020

DOI: 10.1007/s40009-020-00928-w

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Design and Performance Optimization of
WDM Lightwave System Using Optimum
Modulation Formats

Jalil Aziz Hamadamin, Muhammed

Abdulbaqi Ibrahim & Salih Mustafa
Saleem

National Academy Science Letters

ISSN 0250-541X

Natl. Acad. Sci. Lett.

DOI 10.1007/s40009-020-00928-w

1 23
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 Author's personal copy
Natl. Acad. Sci. Lett.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40009-020-00928-w
SHORT COMMUNICATION
Design and Performance Optimization of WDM Lightwave
System Using Optimum Modulation Formats
Jalil Aziz Hamadamin1 • Muhammed Abdulbaqi Ibrahim1 • Salih Mustafa Saleem2
Received: 31 August 2017 / Revised: 25 January 2020 / Accepted: 31 January 2020
Ó The National Academy of Sciences, India 2020
Abstract In this paper, a 16-channel 40 Gb/s wave divi-
sion multiplexing lightwave system is simulated using
OptiSystem version 14 and optimized. This paper proposes
a Pareto optimization and particle swarm optimization
algorithms to find optimum launch power for minimum bit
error rate (BER). However, simulation results show that the
proposed algorithms proved to be a good solution and take
considerable computational time to converge and reach
global optimum. It is concluded that return-to-zero modu-
lation format has higher-quality factor, lower BER, and
lower distortion and it is less affected by the fiber
nonlinearity.
Keywords BER  OSNR  PSO  Pareto  Q-factor
Introduction
Optical fibers are becoming the leading transmission media
in long-distance transmission. Moreover, information is
transferred in the form of light through optical fiber, which
emerged as dominant technology nowadays because of the
& Jalil Aziz Hamadamin
jalilaziz@gmail.com
Muhammed Abdulbaqi Ibrahim
mabdulbaki@hotmail.com
Salih Mustafa Saleem
salihatroshey@gmail.com
1 system setup diagram for a 16-channel 40 Gb/s WDM
Department of Electrical Engineering, College of
Engineering, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil,
Kurdistan Region, Iraq
2
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Duhok,
Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
provision of wide bandwidth, high data rates, immunity to
interference, electrical isolation, signal security, less size,
weight, etc. [1]. The optimum design of an optical com-
munication system often involves the optimization of
several parameters, which has been simulated, where a grid
search is performed over all possible combination of
parameters in order to find the best solution. For several
data rates and system parameters, a considerable amount of
computational time is required to solve numerically the
signal propagation in the fiber. With higher launched power
to the lightwave systems, the effects of nonlinearity in
optical fibers occur and the refractive index of the medium
changes with optical intensity [2]. To reduce nonlinearity
effects, the launched optical power is to be optimized. Luis
et al. proposed a multidimensional and global optimization
of the optical spectral shaping based on genetic algorithm
(GA) for fiber nonlinearities mitigation in high-baud-rate
transmission systems using programmable optical filter
(POF) [3]. Hao et al. proposed a Pareto-based multiob-
jective optimization technology and GA to design a wave
division multiplexing (WDM) fiber Bragg grating (FBG)
sensor network [4]. Leonardo et al. presented a global
optimization algorithm for the optimization of optical
communication systems [5]. This paper proposes a Pareto
optimization and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algo-
rithms to find optimum fiber launch power for maximum
quality factor and minimum bit error rate (BER). Simula-
tion results show that the proposed algorithms proved to be
a good solution and takes considerable computational time
to converge and reach the global optimum. A proposed
multi-span optical communication system shown in Fig. 1
is designed, and performance is optimized using OptiSys-
tem version 14 software, with a central frequency of
193.1 THz. A transmitter generates different modulating
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J. A. Hamadamin et al.

Fig. 1 Proposed schematic diagram a building blocks and b simulated used in the 40 Gb/s WDM multi-span setup

signals return-to-zero (RZ), non-return-to-zero (NRZ), sequence (PRBS) data pattern is used to drive the modu-
modified duobinary (MODB), and carrier-suppressed lator with 256 samples per bit. On the other hand, a con-
return-to-zero (CSRZ). A 26-1 pseudo-random binary tinuous wave (CW) laser source having a line width of 0.1

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Design and Performance Optimization of WDM Lightwave System Using Optimum...

MHz with a variable launched power from - 10 dBm to Q-factor versus input power
? 10 dBm is used, in addition to WDM with channel RZ
70 NRZ
spacing of 75 GHz. In each span, an erbium-doped fiber MODB
CSRZ
amplifier (EDFA) with a gain of 20 dB and noise fig- 60
ure (NF) of 6 dB is used to boost the optical signal to the
desired power level for transmission through the three 50

Q-Factor in dB
spans. For the three spans, standard single-mode fiber
40
(SSMF) is used and dispersion compensating fibers (DCFs)
with different lengths are used to compensate for the dis- 30

persion; the DCF is placed after the amplifier for post

20
compensation. In the receiver, the signal is detected by a
positive intrinsic negative (PIN) photodiode with respon- 10
sivity of 1 A/W and a dark current of 10 nA. Finally, the
signal is passed through low-pass Bessel filter of the fourth 0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
order and bandwidth with 0.8*bit rate to remove out the
Power into the fiber in watts x 10 -3
noise. However, simulation parameters, the characteristics
(a) Q-factor
of both SSMF and DCF, are summarized in Table 1.
0
The velocity of the ith particle is updated using the
velocity update equation given by [6] -100

Vik ¼ wvki þ c1  rand1  ðpbesti  ski Þ -200

ð1Þ
þ c2  rand2  ðgbesti  ski Þ; -300
Log of BER

-400
where vki is the velocity of agent i at iteration k, w is the
-500
weighting function, rand is the uniformly distributed
random number between 0 and 1, ski is the current -600

position of agent i at iteration k, pbesti is the best -700

position of agent i, and gbest is the global position of the -800 RZ
group. c1 and c2 are acceleration constants. A linearly NRZ
-900 MODB
decreasing scheme for w can be mathematically described CSRZ
as follows: -1000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
wmax  wmin Power into the fiber in watts x 10 -3
w ¼ wmax   iter; ð2Þ
itermax (b) BER
100
where wmax is the initial weight, wmin is the final weight,
itermax is the maximum iteration number, and iter is the 90
current iteration number. The current position (searching
point in the solution space) can be modified by the 80
RZ
following equation: NRZ
OSNR in dB

70 MODB
CSRZ

60
Table 1 Simulation parameters
Parameter SMF DCF 50

Attenuation, a 0.2 dB/km 0.6 dB/km 40

Dispersion coefficient, D 16 ps/nm/km - 80 ps/nm/km

30
Dispersion slope, S 0.08 ps/nm2/k - 0.21 ps/nm2/k
Effective area, Aeff 80 lm2 30 lm2 20
-21
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Nonlinear refractive 26 9 10 m /W 30 9 10-21 m2/W
2
x 10 -3
Power into the fiber in watts
index, n2
Differential group delay 3 ps/km 3 ps/km
(b) OSNR
PMD coefficient 0.5 ps/(km)0.5 0.5 ps/km0.5 Fig. 2 a Q-factor, b BER, and c OSNR vs optimum input power for
2
Group velocity dispersion, b2 - 20 ps /km - 20 ps2/km RZ, NRZ, MODB, and CSRZ formats, respectively
Nonlinear coefficient, c 1.19 W/km 4.27 W/km

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J. A. Hamadamin et al.

Table 2 PSO output quality factor among the four modulation formats. RZ
Modulation Pgbest Q-factor Log of OSNR
format has lower BER with optimum launched power to
format (dBm) (dB) BER (dB) the SMF as compared to other three types of modulation
format and is more tolerant to nonlinearity. On the other
RZ 5.61 74.18 - 740.48 90.8 hand, RZ format has less noise power and high OSNR. The
NRZ 6.21 17.8 - 512 89.4 PSO output for the Pgbest is given in Table 2. In Table 2,
MODB 9.08 12.65 - 42 43 the global best of the power generated by the PSO is pre-
CSRZ 8.81 4.75 - 7.9 35 sented and the RZ has the best value which is 5.61 dBm,
higher Q-factor, and less BER. The objective function
versus number of iterations is plotted in Fig. 3. In Fig. 3, it
skþ1
i ¼ ski þ vkþ1
i : ð3Þ is seen that the minimum number of iterations required by
the algorithm to converge is 10 which means that the
The performance of the proposed system is measured in
algorithm takes minimum computational time to reach
terms of BER, quality factor, and optical signal-to-noise
global optimum solution. In this paper, a 16-channel 40
ratio (OSNR). The goal is to find optimum launched power
Gb/s WDM optical fiber communication system has been
to the SSMF for minimum BER and maximum (Q-factor
simulated using OptiSystem version 14. The Pareto opti-
and OSNR). The optimization problem is defined as F ¼ f
mization and PSO algorithms have been proposed and
(Q, BER, OSNR) where f ðÞ is the objective function and
implemented to optimize the launched power to the SMF
Q, BER, and OSNR are three-dimensional search space.
using RZ, NRZ, MODB, and CSRZ modulating formats.
The Pareto optimization algorithm starts to reduce the
Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms
search space to a set of non-dominated optimal solutions;
proved to be a good solution and take considerable com-
the PSO algorithm finds the global optimum within the
putational time to converge and reach global optimum. It is
Pareto optimal solutions. Figure 2 shows the relationship of
concluded that RZ modulation format has higher-quality
the quality factor Q, BER, and OSNR with the optimum
factor, lower BER, lower distortion, and less affected by
launched power to the fiber, respectively. In Fig. 2, it is
the fiber nonlinearity. The PSO output shows that the RZ
seen that the RZ format has higher-quality factor and is less
modulation format has the best global optimum launched
affected by nonlinearity compared to other modulation
power to the SMF compared to other modulation formats.
formats. It is also observed that the CSRZ format has low-

Fig. 3 Number of iterations versus the objective function

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Design and Performance Optimization of WDM Lightwave System Using Optimum...
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