FIELD LEARNING EPISODE

On Teacher’s
STUDY 1
16
FS 1
Philosophy of
Education

SPARK Your Interest

One thing asked of teacher applicants in the Department of Education is to
write their philosophy of education. This means that they have to write their
concept of the nature of the learner, how that learner learns and how that
learners ought to live in order to live life meaningfully. Based on these
philosophical concepts, the teacher applicants describe how they ought to relate
to the learner, what to teach and how to teach so that the learner learns and live
life happily and meaningfully.

TARGET Your Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of this Episode, I must be able to:
Determine prevailing philosophies of education based on DepEd Vision
and Mission statements, core values and mandate, the K to 12
Curriculum Framework and Guide and RA 10533;
Cite teacher’s teaching behaviors and the philosophies of education on
which these behaviors are founded; and
Articulate my philosophy of teaching.

REVISIT the Learning Essentials

We are beneficiaries of a rich philosophical heritage passed on to us by
great thinkers of the past and of the present. The way teachers relate to learners
and the way they teach are anchored on philosophies of education.
Basic document such as the vision and mission statements, core values and
mandated of the Department of Education and the features of the K to 12
Curriculum as contained in Section 3 of RA 10533 and the K to 12 Curriculum
Guide are manifestations or expressions of the philosophies of education of the
country. They state the standards and the outcomes of education towards which
all curricular activities and teaching-learning should be directed.

OBSERVE, ANALYZE, REFLECT

 Analyzing DepEd’s Philosophy of Education
Activity 16.1
Resource Teacher: ________ Teacher’s Signature: __________ School: ______
Grade/Year Level: _________ Subject Area: _________ Date: __________

OBSERVE
 Determining prevailing philosophies of education based on DepEd
Vision and Mission statements, core values and mandate and on the K to
12 Curriculum Framework and guide.
 Study the DepEd Vision and Mission statements, Core values and
Mandate.
 Read the features of K to 12 Curriculum based on the Kto12 Curriculum
Framework and Guide and Sec 5 of RA 10533.
 Accomplish the Table below by answering this question: Which
philosophies are expressed?
 Cite relevant statements to back up an identified philosophy of education.
You are given an example.

Philosophies of Education Which philosophies Which philosophies

are expressed in the are expressed in the K
DepEd Vision, Mission to 12 Curriculum
Statement, Core Framework and Guide
Values, Mandate? Give and Sec 5 of RA
proof. 10533? Give proof.
1. Essentialism- teach Essentialism- The Essentialism- List of
mastery of the basics; core values of maka- standards and
curriculum is prescribed; Diyos, maka-tao, competencies that
subject matter- centered maka-kalikasan and learners are expected
there are universal, maka-bansa show to attain is the
objective values; that DepEd is subject matter that
inculcate values in essentialist. DepEd students are
subject matter believes in expected to learn –
unchanging values Essentialist.
that need to be
inculcated.
2. Perennialism- teach Any proof of
those that last, the Perennialism?
classics; there are
universal values;
inculcate these universal,
objective values

3. Progressivism- very Any proof of

child-centered; teach Progressivism?
those that interest the
child; one learns by
experience; learners
learn by doing so teacher
teacher’s teaching is
experiential; values are
subjective; no
inculcation of values
since they are subjective;
instead teachers help
students clarify their
values.
4. Reconstructionism- Any proof of
school is agent of Reconstructionism?
change; schooling is
preparing students for
the social changes;
teaching is involving the
students in discussion of
moral dilemmas
5. Existentialism- Any proof of
Teachers teach learners Existentialism?
to make choice, to make
decisions and not merely
to follow the crowd; one
who does not make a
choice and so simply
follow others do not
leave meaningful life.
6. Pragmatism- That Any proof of
which is useful, that Pragmatism?
which is practical and
that which works is what
is good; that which is
efficient and effective is
that which is good. e.g.
showing a video clip on
mitosis is more efficient
and more effective and
therefore more practical
than teacher coming up
with a visual aid by
drawing mistosis on a
cartolina or illustration
board.
7. Rationalism- Any proof of
emphasizes the Rationalism?
development of the
learners’ reasoning
powers; knowledge
comes though reason;
teacher must develop the
reasoning power of the
learner.
8. Utilitarianism- what is Any proof of
good is that which is Utilitarianism?
most useful (that which
brings happiness) to the
greatest number of
peoples;
9. Empiricism- source of Any proof of
knowledge is through Empiricism?
the senses; teacher must
involve the senses in
teaching-learning
10. Behaviorism- Any proof of
behavior is shaped Behaviorism?
deliberately by forces in
the environment and that
the type of person and
action desired can be the
product of design;
behavior is determined
by others, rather than by
person’s own free will;
teacher must carefully
shape desirable
behavior; drills are
commonly used to
enhance learning.
Rewards reinforce
learning.
11. Constructivism- Any proof of
Learners are capable of Constructivism?
constructing knowledge
and meaning; teacher
-learning therefore is
constructing knowledge
and meaning; teacher
does not just “tell” or
dictate but asks learners
for knowledge they
construct and meaning
of lesson.
12. Other Philosophies
 Analyzing DepEd’s Philosophy of Education
Activity 16.2
Resource Teacher: ________ Teacher’s Signature: __________ School: ______
Grade/Year Level: _________ Subject Area: ________ Date: ______________

OBSERVE
 Observe how a teacher relates to every learner and how she/he proceeds
with her teaching.
 Accomplish this Observation Sheet.

Here are philosophies of education. Find out which philosophies were

manifested in class by observing what and how teacher teachers and relates
to learners.
Philosophy of Education Teaching Behavior (State what
the teacher said, taught or did).
1. Essentialism- teach mastery of In what way was teacher
the basics; curriculum is prescribed; essentialist?
subject matter- centered there are
universal, objective values; e.g. He/she saw to it that the
inculcate values in subject matter students mastered basic concepts
and skills.

He/she inculcated values.

2. Perennialism- teach those that

last, the classics; there are universal
values; inculcate these universal,
objective values

3. Progressivism- very child-

centered; teach those that interest
the child; one learns by experience;
learners learn by doing so teacher
teacher’s teaching is experiential;
values are subjective; no inculcation
of values since they are subjective;
instead teachers help students
clarify their values.
4. Reconstructionism- school is
agent of change; schooling is
preparing students for the social
changes; teaching is involving the
students in discussion of moral
dilemmas
5. Existentialism- Teachers teach
learners to make choice, to make
decisions and not merely to follow
the crowd; one who does not make
a choice and so simply follow
others do not leave meaningful life.
6. Pragmatism- That which is
useful, that which is practical and
that which works is what is good;
that which is efficient and effective
is that which is good. e.g. showing a
video clip on mitosis is more
efficient and more effective and
therefore more practical than
teacher coming up with a visual aid
by drawing mistosis on a cartolina
or illustration board.
7. Rationalism- emphasizes the
development of the learners’
reasoning powers; knowledge
comes though reason; teacher must
develop the reasoning power of the
learner.
8. Utilitarianism- what is good is
that which is most useful (that
which brings happiness) to the
greatest number of peoples;
9. Empiricism- source of knowledge
is through the senses; teacher must
involve the senses in teaching-
learning
10. Behaviorism- behavior is
shaped deliberately by forces in the
environment and that the type of
person and action desired can be the
product of design; behavior is
determined by others, rather than by
person’s own free will; teacher must
carefully shape desirable behavior;
drills are commonly used to
enhance learning. Rewards
reinforce learning.
11. Constructivism- Learners are
capable of constructing knowledge
and meaning; teacher -learning
therefore is constructing knowledge
and meaning; teacher does not just
“tell” or dictate but asks learners for
knowledge they construct and
meaning of lesson.
12. Other Philosophies
ANALYZE

1. Based on your findings and observations in Activity 16.1 and Activity 16.2,
which philosophies of education are dominant in Philippines basic schools?
Why do you say so?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. if there is one philosophy that schools and teachers should give more
attention to, what should that be and why?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

REFLECT
What is your philosophy of teaching? This describes what you believed you
should teach, how you should teach and how you should relate to others in
school – with the learners, your colleagues, you superiors and all other
stakeholders. Write them down. This is you title, “My Philosophy of Teaching”

My Philosophy of Teaching
These may be of help:

I believe that the learner…………. (concept of the learner)

I believe that I should teach the learners……... (what)

By …………. (how)
I believe that I …… (how should you relate to learners, colleagues, superior,
parents and other stakeholders)

SHOW Your Learning Artifacts

Accomplish Observation Sheets
My Philosophy of Teaching

EVALUATE Performance Task

Evaluate Your Work Task Field Study 1, Episode 16 – On Teacher’s Philosophy of Education
Learning Outcomes: - determine prevailing philosophies of education based on DepEd Vision and
Mission statements, core values and mandate, the K to 12 Curriculum Framework and Guide and RA
10533. – cite teacher’s teaching behaviors and philosophies of education on which these behaviors are
founded. -articulate my philosophy of education.

Name of FS Student ___________________ Date Submitted: ________________________

Year & Selection: _____________________ Course: _______________________________

Learning Excellent Very Satisfactory Satisfactory Needs Improvement

Episode 4 3 2 1

Accomplished All observation One (1) to two Three (3) Four (4) or more
Observation questions/ (2) observation observation observation questions/
Sheet tasks questions/ task questions/ tasks tasks not answered /
completely not answered / not answered / accomplished.
answered/ accomplished. accomplished.
accomplished.
Analysis All questions All questions Questions were Four (4) or more
were answered were answered not answered observation questions
completely; completely; completely; were not answered;
answers are answers are answers are not answers not connected
with depth and clearly clearly to theories; more than
are thoroughly connected to connected to four (4) grammatical/
grounded on theories; theories; one (1) spelling errors.
theories; grammar and to three (3)
grammar and spelling are free grammatical /
spelling are from errors. spelling errors.
free from error.
Reflection Profound and Clear but lacks Not so clear and Unclear and shallow;
clear; depth; supported shallow; rarely supported by what
supported by by what were somewhat were observed and
what were observed and supported by analyzed
observed and analyzed what were
analyzed observed and
analyzed
Learning Portfolio is Portfolio is Portfolio is not Portfolio is not reflected
Artifacts reflected on in reflected on in reflected on in on in the context of the
 the context of the context of the context of learning outcomes; not
the learning the learning the learning complete; not organized,
outcomes; outcomes. outcomes. not relevant
Complete, well- Complete; well Complete; not
organized, organized, very organized,
highly relevant relevant to the relevant to the
to the learning learning learning
outcome outcome outcome
Submission Submitted Submitted on the Submitted a day Submitted two (2) days
before the deadline after the or more after the
deadline deadline deadline
COMMENT/S

LINK Theory to Practice

1. In its vision and mission statements, DepEd wants to develop learners…”

whose values and competencies enable them to realize their full potential …
“On which philosophy of education is this mission statement anchored?
A. Existentialism C. Essentialism
B. Empiricism D. Pragmatism
2. Based on the DepEd’s mission statement, quality basic education means that
students learn in a child-friendly, gender-sensitive, safe, and motivating
environment”. This implies that DepEd believes that environment affects
learning. Which philosophy of education is this?
A. Utilitarianism C. Essentialism
B. Empiricism D. Behaviorism
3. Field Study 1 which is primarily observation of classes and teachers, is based
on which philosophy of education?
A. Utilitarianism C. Essentialism
B. Empiricism D. Behaviorism
4. The inclusion of logic and critical thinking as subjects in the curriculum is an
offshoot of which philosophy?
A. Rationalism C. Existentialism
B. Utilitarianism D. Progressivism
5. It’s Valentine’s Day. The lesson is a part of human digestive system – the
stomach. Students bargain with teacher and so ask if they can discuss the heart
in place of the stomach. Teacher responds “Let’s talk about the stomach which
is the lesson for today then go to the heart when we are done with stomach.
Based on philosophies of education, which is TRUE of teacher?
A. Is essentialist in the sense that she sticked to the subject matter for the
day and progressivist since she also considered student’s interest.
 B. Is pragmatic because it was practical to give way to students’ request
even if she prepared for the day’s lesson.
C. Is utilitarianist because she considered both lesson useful
D. Is empiricist, she used visual aids for her lesson.
6. What do the DepEd vision and mission statement and core values imply
about Philippine educational system?
I. it is highly essential and perennialist.
II. It is believes in universal, objective, unchanging values.
III. It is reconstructionist.
A. I only C. II and III
B. I and III D. I, II and III
7. For the lesson on developing classifying skills, instead of making students
bring objects to classify, teacher considers it most practical to simply use the
students’ body part like kinds of ear lobes, kinds of hair line or a lesson on
classifying. On which philosophy is teacher’s practice anchored?
A. Pragmatism C. Utilitarianism
B. Progressivism D. Empiricism
8. The history of curriculum development in the Philippines shows reduction of
units in the humanities but an increase in the natural and physical sciences. On
which thought is this action based?
A. Perennialism C. Utilitarianism
B. Progressivism D. Empiricism
9. There are a number of laws in the Philippines requiring the teaching og
subject matter such as taxation and agrarian reform, ect. This proves that
schools must bring about reform in society. On which philosophy of education
is this based?
A. Perennialism C. Empricism
B. Progressivism D. Reconstructionism
10. teacher makes use of moral dilemmas to enable students to make as stand in
moral issues. Which word CORRECTLY applies to teacher’s teaching practice?
A. Behaviorist C. Rationalist
B. Existentialist D. Pragmatist