CONTEXTS

● A refusal to mourn..
The author is Dylan Thomas, a Welsh poet, and this text
belongs to a fragment of his poem "A refusal..." published in
1945,at the end of the World War II. The author was inspired
by the death of a girl during the Blitz (1940-1941) in London
by the German army. It belongs to the Modernism, which is the
movement that better reflect the effect of the 2 world wars

● 12 o'clock news
The author is Elizabeth Bishop, an American post-war
poetess. The fragment belongs to her poem "12 o'clock
news", published in the 1976 Collection Geography III, an
epoch where the innocence was lost in the sense everybody
realized the world wasn't so friendly anymore, seeing how
Vietnam War ended. It literary movement is Modernism.

● In the waiting room

The author is Elizabeth Bishop, an American post-war
poetess. The fragment belongs to her poem "In the waiting
room", published in the 1976 Collection Geography III. In 1918,
a seven-year-old little girl describes a moment of recognition
and identification with other women, especially her aunt,
which is not a comfortable event. Furthermore, it also follows
the negative idea of cultural superiority of West civilization.

● The awakening
The text belongs to Kate Chopin's novel "the awakening"
published in 1899. At the end of the 19th century the feminist
movement began to emerge and women reject their role of
wife and mother to seek fulfilling life for theirselves. It's literary
movement is the "local color writing" a kind of fiction that
emerge in the USA at the end of the 19th century and
captured the unique customs, speech and other qualities of a
particular regional community.

● Heart of darkness
The author is Joseph Conrad, a polish modernist writer, and
his novel "heart..." was published in 1899 in the Blackwood
Magazine and in 1902 in book format. The historical context is
the period of Europe's Imperialism in Africa. It was one of the
first literary texts which provide a critical view of European
Imperialism activities.