‫ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪:‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ 1‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‬

‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺮور ﺗﯿﺎر ﻛﮭﺮﺑﻰ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع داﺧﻞ ﻣﺠﺎل ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﯿﺴﻰ ﺗﺘﻮﻟﺪ ﻗﻮة ﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﺰم ﻓﯿﺘﺤﺮك اﻟﻤﻠﻒ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻟﺪة = اﻟﺘﯿﺎر * ﻃﻮل اﻟﻤﻠﻒ * ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻔﯿﺾ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺰم = اﻟﻘﻮة * ﻧﺼﻒ اﻟﻘﻄﺮ‬
‫وﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎ ﯾﻮﺻﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ) او ﻋﺪة ﻣﻠﻔﺎت ( ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ وﻋﻨﺪ وﺟﻮد ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت ﯾﻜﻮن ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻠﻒ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺘﻄﻼى ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ ﻣﻮزﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ داﺋﺮة وﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻧﻘﻂ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ھﺬه ب اﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪ او ‪commutator‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪1‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﯿﺾ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻜﻮن ﻓﻰ اﺑﺴﻂ ﺻﻮرة ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻔﯿﻦ ﯾﻜﻮﻧﺎن ﻗﻄﺒﺎن ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺎن وﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺮور اﻟﺘﯿﺎر ﯾﺘﻮﻟﺪ ﻣﺠﺎل ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ‬
‫واﻻﺗﺠﺎه‪ .‬وﯾﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﻟﻌﺰم اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻟﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﺮك ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎ ﻃﺮدﯾﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻔﯿﺾ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪2‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪2‬‬

‫اﻟﻌﺰم اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻟﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﺘﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪3‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﺰم اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻟﺪ ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺑﻌﺎد اﻟﻤﻠﻒ وﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻔﯿﺾ و زاوﯾﺔ ﻣﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬

‫اﻟﻌﺰم ﻓﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ = اﻟﻘﻮة * ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ * ﺟﯿﺐ زاوﯾﺔ ﻣﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺰم ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻛﻠﮫ = ‪ = *2‬اﻟﻘﻮة * ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ * ﺟﯿﺐ زاوﯾﺔ ﻣﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪3‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺣﯿﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺤﺮك ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪة ﻣﻠﻔﺎت ﻣﻮزﻋﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻔﺮاغ وﻣﻠﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺮاﺋﺢ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﯿﺔ‪ .‬وﻛﻞ ﻣﻠﻒ )ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪة ﻟﻔﺎت( ﯾﻮﺻﻞ ﻃﺮﻓﺎه اﻟﻰ ﻗﻄﻌﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس‪ .‬وﺗﺮص ﺟﻤﯿﻊ ﻗﻄﻊ اﻟﺘﺤﺎس ‪segment‬‬
‫) ﺗﺨﯿﻞ اﻧﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﻮازى ﻣﺴﺘﻄﯿﻼت( ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ ﻣﻌﺰوﻟﺔ وﺑﯿﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ واﺧﺮى‬
‫ﻣﺎدة ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ‪ .‬وﯾﺴﻤﻰ ھﺬا ب اﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪ او اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻊ ‪.commutator‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﺬى اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﻗﻄﺎب ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻧﯿﺔ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ و ﻻ ﺗﺪور وﺗﺴﻤﻰ ‪.bruches‬‬
‫وﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ 4‬ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ اﻟﻤﺤﺮك اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻰ وﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ 5‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮ وﺑﮫ ﯾﺘﻀﺢ اﻟﻤﺠﺎرى ‪slots‬‬
‫واﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪ ‪ commutator‬و ﻗﻄﻊ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ‪segments‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪4‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪5‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ رﯾﺎﺿﯿﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﺿﯿﺢ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻌﻄﯿﺎت‬
‫ﻗﺪرة اﻟﻤﺤﺮك ‪ 225‬ﻛﯿﻠﻮ وات‬
‫ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻌﺼﻮ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ‪ 250‬ﻓﻮﻟﺖ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺮك ‪ 1200‬ﻟﻔﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺪﻗﯿﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺪد ﻣﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮ ‪ 243‬ﻣﻠﻒ‬
‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﻠﻔﺎت ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻠﻒ ‪ 1‬ﻟﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺪد ﻣﺠﺎرى اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮ ‪ 81‬ﻣﺠﺮة‬
‫ﻋﺪد اﻗﻄﺎب اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ‪ 6‬ﻗﻄﺐ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮ ‪ 559‬ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻃﻮل اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮ ‪ 235‬ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻤﺘﺮ‬

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 ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺗﯿﺎر اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻼت ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺠﺮة‬
‫‪ -3‬اﻟﻔﯿﺾ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻗﻄﺐ‬

‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﯿﺎر اﻟﻤﺤﺮك = ﻗﺪرة اﻟﻤﺤﺮك ‪ /‬اﻟﺠﮭﺪ = ‪ 900 = 250 / 225000‬اﻣﺒﯿﺮ‬
‫‪-1‬‬
‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻼت اﻟﻜﻠﻰ = ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت * ‪ 486 = 2*243 = 2‬ﻣﻮﺻﻞ‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻼت ﻓﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺠﺮة = ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻼت اﻟﻜﻠﻰ ‪ /‬ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺠﺎرى = ‪ 6 = 81 / 486‬ﻣﻮﺻﻞ‬ ‫‪-3‬‬
‫ﻋﺰم اﻟﻤﺤﺮك = اﻟﻘﺪرة ‪ /‬اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺰاوﯾﺔ = ‪225000 * 9.55 = (60 / 3.14 * 1200) / 225000‬‬‫‪-4‬‬
‫‪ 1791 = 1200 /‬ﻧﯿﻮﺗﻦ ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫‪ -5‬اﻟﻔﯿﺾ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻗﻄﺐ = ‪ * 3.14*2‬اﻟﻌﺰم ‪)/‬ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺼﻼت * اﻟﺘﯿﺎر( = )‪(900 * 486)/ (1790 * 6.28‬‬
‫= ‪ 25.7‬ﻣﯿﻠﻰ وﯾﺒﺮ‬

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