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Introduction of Electrode
Introduction of Electrode
Introduction of Electrode
1 Principle of electrode
2 Scheme diagram
3 Calibration
4 Trouble shooting
Principle of Electrode
The electrode is built on ISE technology. A suitable membrane is selective permeable to single ion. And a
potential difference is generated between the membrane as the charge associated with ion is transferred
when an ion penetrates the membrane. The magnitude of potential is determined by the concentration
difference between two sides of the membrane.
To measure this tiny potential , the following model is used which a reference is introduced and an Ag rod
coated with AgCl is dipped into the internal solution. It consists of four portions: a reference electrode
filled with saturated chloride solution, an electrode filled with fixed concentration solution, a voltage
meter ,an unknown concentration sample bridged REF and ISE to form a closed circuit loop.
Contact
Membrane
Sample
ISE REF
Schematic diagram
In the analyzer five electrodes are connected together with Ref. The reference configures as the common
electrode which provides a fixed potential. The K/Na/Ca/PH/Cl can be measured at the same time when
sample is fed to the measuring chamber. Potential determined by the difference between K/Na/Ca/PH/Cl
and Ref is amplified and sent to mainboard for further processing.
optical
… Amp ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ coupler
K Na Ca PH CI Ref
From To
Probe Pump
Measuring chamber
Two point /one point Calibration
The mV value is proportional to the logarithm of concentration. So we can determine
a line model by two mVs given from two different fixed concentration. From that line
model an unknown concentration can be got if the mV values is given. That is two
point calibration.
If only one is performed, it is one point calibration. The other point uses the data of
last two point calibration.
mmol/L
2-point
calibration
CAL B
standard
value
1-point
calibration
CAL A
standard
value
mV1 mV2 mV
PH 70 ~ 170 16 ~ 28
Defination of problems
The following graph may well help you understand these concepts.
1)The area outside of two green horizontal line is OR.
2)The area outside of two blue lines is Abnormal.
CAL A1
mv OR
>0.5V
Abnormal
Drift CAL A2
Normal Min(Cal B-Cal A)
range Max(Cal B-Cal A)
Drift
Abnormal
OR
ISE REF
Routine checkup
Assembly electrode:
Note:
A tiny dirt or wet, loose installation will make great trouble. It is very important to clean and dry the
measuring chamber, electrodes, contacts before installation, and press electrode to ensure they are
connected tightly.
The following procedure are recommended:
1. Disassembly
Lift up probe, Manually twist pump wheel to empty the pathway. Release locking knob. pull out the
electrode.
2. Assembly electrode
a) Before assembly, pls Check the electrode
Refill solution is higher than ¾ of cavity
O ring is in good condition and fits in proper position
Sensing area is not dyed.
Electrical contact is rustless check
No air bubble underneath the liquid level
Ag core is completely coated with black AgCI.
b) Clean and Dry the measuring chamber. Electrodes,
only grab the handle of electrode and place it into place.
c) Press and push the electrode to make all electrodes contact tightly.
d) Close the knob, close the door.
Troubleshooting Guide
All electrodes shares the same pathway and Ref, while their electrical processing
circuits are separate. So this can guide you through troubleshooting when facing a
problem.
If only one electrode has problem, that means the problem exists within that channel.
You should focus on: problem electrode, processing circuit of that channel.
If two or more electrodes have problems, it means that the problem is probably
connected with common pathway .You should focus on Ref electrode or regent pack
or the installation of electrodes, liquid pathway checkup .
Common
… Amp ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Separate K Na Ca PH CI Ref
Measuring chamber
Troubleshooting guide
Aging
Note
For a new electrode, it will active it with fresh serum for 60 mins. For Ca, sometimes it will take
24 hrs to reach stable.
Abnormal
1) For K, Ca, Cl electrode, perform De-proteinize cycle and check again;
for Na, pH electrode, perform Conditioning cycle and check again.
2) Check the membrane, you can notice liquid leakage on the surface if the membrane is broken.
3) Check reagent pack if it is degenerative
4) Check the membrane area if it is dyed. Drop blanching water to clean it for 5 minutes.
For bleaching water, the concentration is 50% for NaClO3,
5% if it is NaClO. A higher concentration will damage the
membrane. Drop
Note
There is cleaning solution inside reagent pack. But it is only
used when 200 samples are finished or 5 days have past. This
cleaning cycle executes at 24:00 hour in the night.
Or
If you don’t have blanching water at hand, you can manually
aspirate cleaning solution inside reagent pack by using a syringe.
Abnormal
5) Manual operate cleaning cycle
a) Access Service>>Instruction Hints>>Multiplexer checking program, press [YES] to continue.
b) Four choices display at the bottom of the screen“1→A;2→B;3→Clean;4→Air”,each
choice represents one position of the multiplexer, Cal A, Cal B , Cleaning, and Air. When one
choice is selected , the multiplexer will switch to corresponding channel.
c) Select [3→Clean] to select Cleaning position.
d) Manually rotate the peristaltic pump counter-clock wisely to draw cleaning solution
to the measuring chamber,
e) Keep the solution for 5 minutes.
f) Perform washing cycle (Maintenance>>
Washing) several times after finishing.
OR
1) Try reinstall electrode, clean and dry electrodes and chamber, check any bubbles in the sense
area, check the gasket of electrode..
2) Check Refill solution, replace new if it is not enough
3) Check Ag core if the coat( black) is felt off.
4) Check REF electrode if refill solution is enough, if any bubbles exists inside.
5) Check liquid pathway if there is any blockage or leakage
6) For K, Ca, Cl electrode, perform De-proteinize cycle and check again;
for Na, pH electrode, perform Conditioning cycle and check again.
7) Check test parameters setup if mV is normal.
8) Replace a new one.
Unstable
1) Try reinstall electrodes, clean and dry electrodes and chamber before installation.
2) Check O ring (gasket), replace a new one if it is broken.
3) Check the surface of electrode if it is wet or clotted with salt.
4) Check REF electrode if refill solution is enough, if any bubbles exists inside.
5) Check liquid pathway if there is any blockage or leakage. Watch from chamber window if
there is any bubbles in the pathway.
6) For K, Ca, Cl electrode, perform De-proteinize cycle and check again;
for Na, pH electrode, perform Conditioning cycle and check again.
No Cal A No Cal B No cleaning
1) check if the reagent pack has
solution by using a syringe.