Упр. 4, 5, стр.

24

Упр. 7,8, стр. 25

Задание делала по учебнику Аракина 2000 год, если вдруг задание не те, которые Вы задавали, напишите, я
переделаю.

4. 1.The girls chattered like magpies as if unaware of my presence. 2. The cheers of the audience filled the
theatre. 3. Don't be sad, I've got cheerful news for you. 4. You shouldn't argue a point or a statement trying
to show that it is wrong, when you don't go by facts. 5. Let's go back to this scene again. 6. How did you
happen to find out about it? There wasn't even a slight hint at it in his letter. 7. An old cart passed rattling by
quickly.
8. If you don't want to get some lung disease you must give up smoking or reduce it to a minimum.

5. 1. How would you feel if somebody persistently interrupts your work by repeating the same question over
and over again? I would be angry with someone who interrupts my work by repeating the same question
over and over again and would later refuse his request.
2. What do you do to try to raise the spirits of your sad friend? In order to raise the spirits of my sad friend?
I always have funny jokes that will not leave anyone indifferent.
3. What do you call a happy and contented person? As for me, a happy and contented person is someone
who is passionate about his business, which benefits not only himself, but also society, who is always ready
for changes for improvement.
4. What do people say when soldiers put up a fearless fight not to retreat? People say of soldiers put up a
fight not a retreat that they are fearless men who persevere in their goals. (to destroy the enemy’s army)

5. What should a pilot do if serious problems with the plane's engine arise midflight? If serious problems
with the plane’s engine arise midflight, the pilot must ensure that they are restored to normal operation and
the flight is safely completed.

6. Do you agree that failing health too often accompanies old age? I agree that failing health to often
accompany old age.

7. Do students have to examine a deeper level of the writer's words while preparing for the interpretation of
the text? I believe that students should examine a deeper level of the writer’s words while preparing for the
interpretation of the text.

8. What kind of cars usually move noisily and not very quickly? Inexpensive cars usually move noisily and
not very quickly.

9. Why did Hurstwood have to start to beg for his living? Hurstwood had to beg to earn a living.

7. 1. I’ll have to examine (to go into) those papers closely before I can say anything definite.

2. I had the idea of making a raft but couldn’t figure out how to start (to go about) it.
3. The engineers examined (went into) the machine carefully trying to establish the cause of trouble.
4. In his report the speaker attracted (went at) – the hedgers who were forever trying to shift the
responsibility onto somebody else.
5. As you get better (went along) in English, you’ll find it easier to communicate.
6. I hope I can base my (go by judgement) of these events on your information.
7. He didn’t fulfil I (went back his promise) to work harder.
8. How did your pupils accept (go down) your first lesson?
9. My opinion of him dropped considerably (went down) when I found out the truth.
10. Be hind to (go easy on) the dog, he didn’t mean to hurt you.
11. I wouldn’t dare (go so far as) criticize him to his face.
12. You shouldn’t make (go round) your feeling so obvious to everyone.
8. 1. A lamb bleats
2. A mouse squeaks
3. A pigeon cooes
4. A bird chirps
5. An owl hoots
6. A crow croaks
7. A tiger roars
8. A rattlesnake rattles
9. A nightingale warbles
10. A monkey chatters
9. 1. The brakes grated as the driver brought the car to a sudden stop.
2. The dry leaves rustle in the wind.
3. The hail rattles on the roof.
4. Old Thomas heard little feet pattered down the corridor and then stopping at his door.
5. The clock chimed twelve.
6. The bells jingle merrily as the horses drawing the carriage broke into a steady trot.
7. His teeth chattered with cold.
8. The air hiss as it escaped the punctured tyre.
9. She heard the door bang and sighed in relief.

10. 1.a clumsy, awkward person – butter-fingers;

2. an offensively inquisitive person – Nosy Parker;
3. an impudent person who thinks he is clever – smart ales;
4. a person who doubts everything – doubting Thomas;
5. a person who discourages hope, enthusiasm or pleasure – wet blanket;
6. a person who's always in the company of others even when he is not wanted – a hanger-on

11. а) 1. Close the window, please, the noise annoys me.

2. The water was so could that Tom started to chatter with cold.
3. In the silence of the wood the chatter of the birds was heard.
4. Cheerless thoughts kept his awake all the night.
5. He carried youthful optimism and cheerful faith in people through his life.
6. A young unknown musician, who took part in an international Tchaikovsky Competition, became a great
pianist later on.
7. The fish, finally, emerged on the surface of the water. The old man was astonished by its size.
8.He emerged in town when he was lest expected.
9. The lawyer went at the witness, asking him endless questions, so that eventually the witness began to
contradict himself. 
10. Mr. Walter went along the bank. Everything was calm.
11. «I know that you have lied to me now, but I’m not going to be annoyed with you, I am sure you tell me
everything by yourself, » - said Gerald wearily.
b) 1. I hinted that some money were due to him, but to my surprise, my words have did not got him.
2. They gave Dally a broad hint that they were no longer in need of her services, but she continued to
come every day.
3. The windows rattled in the wind.
4. I do not understand why you reduce my words to absurdity.
5. Long illness of Mrs. Heartwood‘s husband and lack of job have reduced Mrs. Heartwood to abject
poverty.
6. You should reduce the speed. We have driven into town.
7. Colonel was reduced to the ranks for the fact that he rendered up the town.

MACRO-COMPONENTIAL ANALYSIS OF THE TEXT:

The text under analysis belongs to Belles-letters Functional Style (F.S.).
The substyle of it is emotive prose. The author of the text is Richard Gordon. The
author and the narrator is the same person. Thus, he occupies an involved position – he takes
part in the events that he depicts (describes).
The text is entitled «Doctor in the House». The title performs several functions:
1. It orients the reader towards the perception in the text
2. It means of foreshadowing, because medical students are prospective doctors
3. It means of cohesion to unite the components of the text to make a whole
As the text belongs to the fictional writing both types of information can be
elicited from the text, namely, factual (theme) and conceptual (idea).
The theme of the selection is revealed through the description of the episode
from the main character’s life, where he prepares for his final exam in medical college and
takes it.
This extract provides us with the emotions and commotions of the main character
because if such an important test.
The text may be split (divided) into 5 logical parts. The title for the first logical
part is «Preparations for the finals». It contains the general information about student’s
attitude to the final examinations and the way of preparation for this important event. In the
passage, the author tries to convey hard emotional state of the medical students.
The exposition begins with «To a medical student the final examinations are
something like death…» and ends «and ran a final breathless sprint down the wall-trodden
paths of medicine».
The keywords and phrases are the following: «thenceforward», «flagrant»,
«nonchalant», «well-establishes» (bookish words).
Om repeated occasions; the author applies similes - «to a medical student the
final examinations are something like death», «examinations are a straight contest», «he goes
at them like a prize-fighter». He makes use of oxymoron and metaphor: «frank cheating»,
«technical details of the contest».
The second logical part is entitled «The procedure of the written exam». It begins
with the words «The examination began with the written papers…» and ending with the
words «… without arousing any comment». It focuses on the description of the episode
when the main character is taking a written exam in his college and his thoughts about it. We
can observe the following keywords and phrases «to keep an eye open for flagrant cheating»,
«looked dispassionately», «poor victims, like the policemen», «the anonymous examinees»,
«awkward expression», «so brilliant», «unhurriedly», «frustrated brilliance».
«The viva is judgment day» is the title for the third logical part, begging with the
words «The unpopular oral examination …» and ending with the words «… I rallied my
thoughts and stumbled through the answer … », looks closely at the description of the
moment when main character of the text is waiting for his exam; observing other students,
and taking an oral examination as another part of the final exam.
The keywords and phrases are the following: «the written answer», «a certain
remoteness», «mistakes and omissions», «like those of life», «can be made without the threat
of immediate punishment», «hard chairs», «a wooden table».
The fourth logical part may be entitled: «The expectation period». The part
beginning with the words «The days after the viva…» and ending with the words «… the
examination results were to be punished at noon», passes over the description of the main
character’s commotions and his friends thoughts while waiting for examination’s results.
The keywords and phrases are «black ones», «having a severe accident», «unable
to realize», «little shreds of success collected together and weaved themselves into a
triumphal garland», «infer a misfortune», «bad taste».
Denouement considers with the lost logical part. It may be entitled «The day
when the results come out»; beginning with the words, «We arrived in the examination
building …». The concluding logically part is quite elliptical. «Pass». Such a short answer
not only creates the effect of suddenness but also repeatedly underline great relief. It also
proves the similar in the last sentence – like a man just hit by a blackjack. I stumbled
upstairs.
As for general characteristics of the text, it includes the 1 st person narration with
the participant narrator and the elements of dialogues.
The atmosphere of the text is homogeneous because is it maintained by several
keys: ironical and empathetic. On the one hand, it is dramatic, but on the other hand, it is
humorous and ironic. So as the exams are over and Richard Gordon passes them, the author
lets irony and humors into the text. Strange as it may seem, the words creating drama such
as: «death», «contest», «prize fighter», «judgement day», «a cow in a bog» simultaneously
reflect humor and irony.
The picture-making verbs are the following «to discovered», «to cheat», «to
swot», «to tear away», «to chuck», «to totter», «to lolling», «to rallie», «to stumble».
 The Setting involves the place and the time of the events covered in the text.
Were given indirectly. However, occasionally for revealing the detail information about
setting of the text we may face the prompts such as – at the Old Bailey, at Cambridge,
St.Swithin’s, St. Bartholomew’s hospital, morning’s Times. From this, we may understand
that the actions happen in London, at Cambridge University in the middle of 20 century. The
narrator places the character into realistic environment. There are some proper names, which
also contribute credibility to the narration: Richard Gordon, Grimsdyke, Nonchalant,
Frankly.
The author also employs hermetically united group of words belonging to the
sphere of study and medicine: «final examination», «examiner», «examinee», «cheating». It
reveals the inner world of the characters and places the characters into realistic environment.
The type of narration is 1st person narrative. The advantage of this type of
narration is that the text is more emotional (compering to the third person narrative). The
disadvantage is that the narration lacks objectivity because the described events filter
through the narrator’s awareness and he presents them as he personally feels them.
As for the characters, there is also one main character – the author himself,
Robert Gordon. Taking into account the classification of students worked out by Robert
Gordon, he himself to the Frankly Worried class of students. For example, the Frankly
Worried, jumping irritatingly … There was the Crammer, folding the pages of his battered
textbook in a desperate farewell … The Old Stager … with the familiarity of a photographer
at a wedding. He looked upon the viva simply an another engagement to be fitted into his
day.
He may be referred to the category of primary character. Robert Gordon may be
referred to a category of simple (flat), simple personage, because on the one hand, he is self-
revealing through his fears, doubts, and uncertainty, but, on the other hand, the characters do
not undergo changes and development – he experiences fear from the begging till the end of
the text, he can hardly believe un his success. The reader formulates his opinion about the
characters through their actions and their thoughts. For example, «The Frankly Worried,
jumping irritatingly every time the door opened», «Her suit was neat but not smart, her hair
tidy but not striking».
The secondary character is Grimsdyke. He is exact opposite of R.Gordon. He
does not want to beat about the bush. For example, the episode when he does the procedure
of marling and grading the papers. In addition, another example is his philosophy about
falling exams.
The means of character drawings is implicit, because the author does not rate the
characters himself. We can refer his to the category of flat. The author implies the number of
foil character. The function is to create an appropriate atmosphere. The author calls students
differently: «prize-fighters», «examinee», «examiners», «victim», «successful name», «cow
in a bow».
 All these words may be called contextual synonyms. As for the conflict, both
types of conflicts are present in the text, namely the internal (Robert VS self-doubt) and
external (Robert VS final exams at the college, Robert VS the examiners).
The first conflict which appears it the text is external (man VS man). The
examples of this conflict is but the external conflict is less import.
The best example is involved in the paragraph describing anticipation period,
e.g.: to a medical student the final examinations are something like death, examinations are a
straight contest, and he goes at them like a prizefighter.
As for the movement, both types of conflicts are present in the text. The
psychological movement is closely connected with the internal conflict. The physical
movement of the text is presented in alteration of events physical, which is expressed in
alteration of events, which may be dynamic or less dynamic, and yet there is some shift of
narration. His text is devoid of dynamism. The author does it intentionally so as postpone the
movement of the truth – the final result. Among the elements of presentational sequencing,
we can observe the following:

Suspense (withholding of some important information until the moment best suited the
author’s intention) – it is present from the very beginning until its end;
Strange as it may seem flashback and foreshadowing coincide, for example – the procedure
of marking works «this system...» and an episode when author describes the process of
announcing. The form in which the events are described is pictorial – description, narration
and only snippets of direct speech. e.g.:
The viewpoint from which the text is written may be regarded as polyphonic, which means
that there are several points of view in the text and that the reader can stick to any of them or
even to formulate the view point of one’s own.
The author’s viewpoint and his opposite – Grimsdyke.
The text presents a straight-line-narration technique because all the events are arranged in
chronological order as they follow one another.
The plot structure is conventional (closed) as all of constituents (exposition, complication,
climax and denouement are present) of the structure are present:
The exposition coincides with the first logically complete part (the preparation for the
exams).
The complication occupies the better part of the text (the procedures of written and oral
exams, days after viva).
The climax is fairly prolonged (the episode of waiting for the results at the examination
building). The author does it deliberately in order to create suspense.
The denouement is the episode when the main character finally gets to know the results of
the examination.

MINI-COMPONENTIONAL ANALYSIS
 The author employs a sufficient number of stylistic devices and expressive means to
make the narration picturesque.
The bulk of vocabulary is mostly neutral, but sometimes we can meet bookish
words «thenceforward», «flagrant», «nonchalant», «well-established».
The author uses student’s slang that produces the effect of authenticity of the real
student’s life «cheating», «viva», «crammer», «old-stager», «tripos».
As for the setting of the text, the place and the time of the story were given indirectly.
However, occasionally for revealing the detail information about setting of the text we may
face the prompts such as – at the Old Bailey, at Cambridge, St. Swithin’s, St.
Bartholomew’s Hospital, morning’s Times. We may understand that the actions happen in
London, at Cambridge University in the middle of 20 century.
The exposition contains the general information about students’ attitude to the final
examinations and the way of preparation for this important event. In the passage, Richard
Gordon tries to convey hard emotional state of the medical students. To achieve desired
effect in describing characters and environment the author uses different stylistic devices. On
repeated occasions, the author applies similes – to a medical student the final
examinations are something like death, examinations are a straight contest, he goes at
them like a prizefighter. Richard shows all seriousness of this period for the student and
associates it with inevitability and ending of their easygoing lives. In addition, he makes use
of oxymoron and metaphor to complete the image of examinations and preparations for it.
For example, there is rarely any frank cheating in medical examinations, but the candidates
spend much time over the technical details of the contest.
The complication starts with the narration about Richard’s experience of preparation
for the exam. He tells the secret of probably successful outcome of exam, using simile – we
attended all his ward rounds, standing at the front and gazing at him like impressionable
music enthusiasts at the solo violinist. By the way, the author applies epithets and
metaphor to describe all details of their trick – we despondently ticked the days off the
calendar, swotted up the spot questions, and ran a final breathless sprint down the well-
trodden paths of medicine.
The following 2 extracts show the process of examination. The author resorts to great
use of complex sentences in order not to keep in suspense the reader. Here he also uses many
epithets to describe all the details of exam. For instance, to keep an eye open for flagrant
cheating, He looked dispassionately down at the poor victims, like the policemen that
flank the dock, the anonymous examinees, with an awkward expression of self-
consciousness, people were so brilliant, to set down unhurriedly their entire knowledge of
medicine was never apparent from the nonchalant air, gentlemen dissatisfied with the
period allowed for them to express themselves and hoping by an incomplete sentence to
give the examiners the impression of frustrated brilliance. The passages are imbued with
irony, which the author creates to underline some facts or moments peculiar the exam.
Next 2 extracts are the vivid example of the students’ behavior after taking the
examination. Richard Gordon reproduces the events of that day when he took it. He was very
excited, but his friend Grimsdyke was his opposite. He did not worry and even told Richard
the way that their papers are checked. The story was far from being so, that is why the reader
can trace the irony again. However, there are no many stylistic devices to show it. We can
meet just set expression and some epithets – How did you get on? My dear old boy, this
system has been working admirably for years. Later Gordon reports about oral
examination, i.e. candidates’ excitement and suspense of the results. Here stylistic devices
are in abundance. The unpopular oral examination was held a week after the papers. The
written answers have a certain remoteness about them. Using of epithets is obvious to
describe oral exam. Besides, the author applies similes – mistakes and omissions, like those
of life, can be made without the threat of immediate punishment; he will come to the end
of his interrogation struggling like a cow in a bog. These similes show the attitude of the
protagonist to the examinations and describe the atmosphere and student’s feelings.
Moreover, allusions are brilliantly used here referring to the Bible’s Judgment day –
But the viva is judgement day. A false answer and the god’s brow threatens like
imminent thunderstorm. To make the description clear about the exam Richard applies
repetition – confusion breeds confusion. Then the author ells about his experience again
within the waiting for taking the exam. I was shown to a tiny waiting room furnished
with hard chairs, a wooden table, and windows that would not open, like a condemned
cell. The right use of ascending stylistic devices, namely epithet, enumeration and simile,
creates the effect of something horrifying.
Firstly, tiny waiting room, then hard chairs, windows that wouldn’t open and finally a
cell. Thereafter, Gordon gives the examples of students of typical behavior while they are
waiting for. There were six other candidates, who illustrated the types fairly commonly seen
in viva waiting rooms. There was the Nonchalant, lolling back on the rear legs of his
chair. Then the Frankly Worried, jumping irritatingly every time the door opened. There
was the Crammer, fondling the pages of his battered textbook in a desperate
farewell embrace. The Old Stager, who treated the whole thing with the familiarity of a
photographer at a wedding. He looked upon the viva simply as another engagement to
be fitted into his day. Many epithets are applied to make the image of every waiting person
in the room. The author resorts to use of antonomasia, a good attempt to attract the attention
of the reader and an interesting way to depict people. Richard uses parallel constructions as
well. It helps to concentrate the reader on the description of students, but not on difficult
constructions. As for description of the last person – The Old Stager, where comparison and
simile are used, one may say the following – irony, irony, and the irony once again. Next
passage describes the behavior of the girls at the exams.
A great number of epithets are used again. Women students – the attractive ones, not
those who are feminine only through inescapable anatomic arrangements. This use of
periphrasis is the way to show that girls can take the exam by means of their pleasant
appearance. The male examiners are afraid of being prejudiced favorably by their sex they
usually adopt towards them an attitude of undeserved sternness. The author can not avoid
using of epithets writing the novel. But this girl had given care to her preparations for the
examination. Her suit was neat but not smart; her hair tidy but not striking. The
antithesis and at the same time parallel constructions show that she knew the way, how to
prepare for exam in order not to make the examiner feel uncomfortable. The twelve, thirteen
and fourteen extracts are about Richard’s exam proper. Undoubtedly, epithets, set
expressions and simile are the main stylistic devices to represent all the events of that
nightmarish moment. One of the examiners was a burly, elderly man like a retired
prizefighter. My heart leaped hopefully. I started off confidentially. The
examiner suddenly cut me short. «All right» he said impatiently and asked a question.
I rallied my thoughts. Next passage is about feelings of Gordon after exam. It is the most
stressful period concerning exams. In addition, the author has shown it in the best way. The
days after the viva were black ones. It was like having a severe accident. The use of simile
is not occasion here, as later the writer gives arguments why it is really a severe accident. I
was numbed, unable to realize what had hit me. My friends heartened me by
describing equally depressing experiences that had overtaken them previously. I began to
hope. Little shreds of success collected together and weaved themselves into a triumphal
garland. The last sentence is the metaphor, conveying the size of Richard’s hope for his
exam, as the results are unknown. However, the world is not so cruel. The consoler
Grimsdyke changes the tense atmosphere to tranquil. «One doesn’t fail exams, » said
Grimsdyke firmly. «One comes down, one muffs, one is ploughed, plucked, or pipped.
Such words will comfort everyone. For intensification of calm atmosphere, anaphor and
alliteration are used. However, that is not all. The author applies metaphor, set expression
and simile as well. These infer a misfortune that is not one’s own fault. To speak of failing
is a bad taste. It is the same idea as talking about passing away and going above instead
of plain dying. We will assume Grimsdyke has consoled Richard completely. The
complication ends when the results should be published. The candidates were subdued,
muttering crowd, like the supporters of a home team who had just been beaten in a cup
tie. Again, epithets and simile are represented here to convey the atmosphere in the place of
saying the results. In spite on the fact students knew what should happen, they were still
excited. At midday, the Secretary of the Committee would descend the stairs and take his
place, flanked by two uniformed porters. Under his arm would be a thick, leather-covered
book containing the results. The candidate would step up closely to the Secretary, who
would say simply «Pass» or «Failed».
The most culminating point begins when the detail description of the period before
publishing the results starts. To show that the atmosphere was very tense and pressured the
author makes use of short simple sentences. The epithets, simile and comparison are also the
essential devices to convey it. The room had suddenly come to a frightening, unexpected
silence and stillness, like an unexploded bomb. My palms were as wet as sponges.
With slow scraping feet the Secretary and the porters came solemnly down the stairs. The
elder porter raised his voice. «Number three hundred and two. Number three hundred
and six». Complete parallel constructions intensify the horror of being there
environment. «Number three oh six?» the Secretary whispered. «R. Gordon? »
«Yes» Elliptical sentences give prompt that the results will published soon, so long
explanation is not required. Parallel constructions are also applied here. The author uses it
not in vain. As these constructions, help to create the most pressured and excited period. In
fact, it is the result of agonizing horror, which everyone has passed. The world stood still.
The traffic stopped, the plants ceased growing, men were paralyzed, the clouds hung in
the air, the winds dropped, the tides disappeared, the sun halted in the sky.
Denouement is quite elliptical. «Pass». Such a short answer not only creates the effect of
suddenness, but also repeatedly underlines great relief. It also proves the simile in the last
sentence – like a man just hit by a blackjack, I stumbled upstairs.
As far as my evaluation of the text is concerned, I want to say that the theme of the given
text is final examinations. The main idea of this text implies the fact that final exams are the
reason for a great psychological pressure for the students.
To my point of view, I found the text very fascinating because the main tips of the
terrifying word «exam» are represented in ironical and humorous way. By the way, the fine
fact of the text is unstoppable wish of readers to know what actions will be next.
As for my attitude to the characters, I should say most of students should take some classes
from Grimsdyke, classes upon the ability of being calm. It has would be one of the best gifts
for me. Sometimes we need less excitement, worry and panic, although understand greatly
we know everything. So, what should we make a mountain out of a molehill for? Quite
interesting question… Unfortunately, sometimes we are not subject to our minds.