Name: Muhammad Shahreyar Amir

Roll NO: 70073242

Subject: Elementary Physics

Instructor: Sir Irfan

Assignment 4

Define resonance with examples?

Explain Gyroscopic Effect in Aeroplane!

Resonance
Resonance describes the phenomenon of increased amplitude that occurs when the frequency
of a periodically applied force is equal or close to a natural frequency of the system on which it
acts.
Examples:
Below we have listed examples of resonance that we can witness in our daily lives:

1. Musical Instruments

The best examples of resonance can be observed in various musical instruments around
us. Whenever any person hits, strikes, strums, drums or tweaks any musical instrument,
the instrument is set into oscillation or vibration at the natural frequency of vibration of
the instrument. A unique standing wave pattern defines each frequency of vibration as a
specific instrument. These natural frequencies of a musical instrument are known widely
as the harmonics of the specified instrument. If a second interconnected object or
instrument vibrates or oscillates at that specified frequency then the first object can be
forced to vibrate at a frequency higher than its natural harmonic frequency. This
phenomenon is known as resonance i.e. one object vibrating or oscillating at the natural
frequency of another object forces the other object to vibrate at a frequency higher
than its natural frequency.

2. Swing

One of the familiar examples of resonance is the swing. It is common knowledge that
the swing moves forward and backwards when pushed. If a series of regular pushes are
given to the swing, its motion can be built. The person pushing the swing has to sync
with the timing of the swing. This results in the motion of the swing to have increased
amplitude so as to reach higher. Once when the swing reaches its natural frequency of
oscillation, a gentle push to the swing helps to maintain its amplitude due to resonance.
But, if the push given is irregular, the swing will hardly vibrate, and this out-of-sync
motion will never lead to resonance, and the swing will not go higher.

3. Bridge

Group of soldiers marching on the bridge are asked to break their steps very often
because their rhythmic marching can set extreme vibrations at the bridge’s natural
frequency. The bridge can break apart if the synchronized footsteps resonate with the
natural frequency of the bridge. One of the examples of the above is the Tacoma Bridge
Collapse, where the frequency of the air matched with the frequency of the bridge
leading to its destruction.

Grycoscopic Effect in Aeroplane

GROSCOPY, since it belongs to classical mechanics, tends to be neglected by the modern
physicist. We have now to depend on the engineers and applied physicists to maintain the
teaching of the subject. Its applications cannot be ignored; in the development of modern
applied science we find many extremely important applications of gyroscopes.

In aircraft instruments, gyros are used in attitude, compass and turn coordinators. These
instruments contain a wheel or rotor rotating at a high RPM which gives it two important
properties: rigidity and precession. The rotor or gyro can be electrically or vacuum / pressure
driven by a special pump on the engine.

When a single-engine aeroplane turns to the left, the nose tends to dip; when the turn is to the
right, the gyroscopic effect tends to raise the nose. Jet propulsion will lead to the removal of
the gyroscopic action of the propellers, and perhaps also to the removal of much of the
gyroscopic action of the engines.