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Ijett V4i5p21
Ijett V4i5p21
Abstract: This paper explains the designing of a novel wearable One genuine effort towards the development of totally
system with the interactive posture caption and recognition integrated textile based temperature sensor was carried out by
functions based on the Non-vision over the ZigBee Wireless Sensor Locher, et al., in 2005 at ETH, Zurich [2]. They developed a
Network. It is very difficult to have the posture information of woven temperature sensor by integrating, insulated copper
patients those who are under coma; paralysis etc., is very difficult
wires into warp and weft along with polyester yarn, and
task. So, in this project a Non vision based different wearable type
sensors (3-axis accelerometer, heartbeat, Body temperatures devising a special routine technique for making interconnection
sensor) that are placed at patient body for collecting the postures points. However in the accuracy analyses, errors associated
information and activity are used and this will be directly with the effect of environmental parameters e.g. strain or
monitored through a computer. For data transmission ZigBee- moisture were not considered. Further the sensors were only
WSN technology is adopted. Around 28 kinds of hand postures tested in steady state conditions at some specific temperature
and 13 kinds of leg postures can be distinguish by using this points in laboratory. Finally developing interconnecting points
system. When the transmitting distance is less than 30 M and the in sensor patch is manual and cumbersome process which is
package correct transmitted rate is more than 97.5%, the real- itself a source of error towards the sensing characteristics [1].
time body interactive postures of approximately 8 persons can be
The body temperature detecting sensor prototype belt was first
monitored simultaneously by the data-controlling center. Using
this system the doctors can get the required information regarding used by the NICU of MMC hospitals. The prototype belt was
the patients of that kind and can be able to give appropriate tested on a premature infant, born after 30 weeks gestation in
treatment to the patients in correct time. stable health condition. A neonatologist and an NICU nurse
from MMC were present during the testing. After obtaining
Keywords --- ZigBee, WSN, Heart beat sensor, Body temperature permission of the parents, the prototype belt was placed on the
sensor, ARM Micro Controller neonate’s body. The belt was tested for a period of 45 minutes
on the baby to see whether the signals from the belt remained
I. LITERATURE SURVEY stable for a longer period when a baby wears the belt [3].
Because of medical mistakes every year at-least 98,000 Early models consisted of a monitoring box with a set of
people are losing their lives in United States as per the survey electrode leads which attached to the chest. The first
done by U.S. Institute of Medicine and treatment. According to wireless EKG Heart rate monitor was invented in 1977 as a
an investigative report called “Dead By Mistake” released by training aid for the Finnish National Cross Country Ski team
the Hearst Corporation, an estimated 200,000 Americans will and as 'intensity training' became a popular concept in athletic
lose their lives in 2009 alone due to preventable medical errors circles in the mid-80s, retail sales of wireless personal heart
and hospital infections [5]. There was a rapid growth of monitors started from 1983-Bui Cac [5]. First results of a fiber
wireless networking in the past several years, which mainly optic sensor for measurement of heart rate which is developed
focus on high-speed communications, and relatively long range within the European research project and is supported by the
applications such as the IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area EU 7th Framework Programme and develops an advanced
Network (WLAN) standards [5]. personal protective equipment (PPE) system that will ensure
active protection and information support for personnel
The first well known standard focusing on Low-Rate operating in high risk and complex environments in fire
Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPAN) was Bluetooth. fighting, chemical and mining rescue operations [1].
However it has limited capacity for networking of many nodes. The core of the project is the development of advanced
There are many wireless monitoring and control applications in materials and sensors to be used for a multifunctional PPE. This
industrial and home environments which require longer battery includes real-time monitoring of risk factors (temperature, gas,
life, lower data rates and less complexity than those from oxygen level, etc.), user health status (body temperature,
existing standards. For such wireless applications, a new respiratory rate, heart rate). All prototypes will be tested in field
standard called IEEE 802.15.4 has been developed by IEEE. tests. For monitoring of the user health status intelligent
The new standard is also called ZigBee, when additional stack underwear based on fiber optic sensors and small portable
layers defined by the ZigBee Alliance are used [5]. monitoring units will be developed. The sensor development
has a special focus on using POF, as fiber optic sensors based
on POF take advantage of its high elasticity and high transmitter section, the accelerometer sensor, Temperature
breakdown strain. Because of their outstanding elastic sensor, Heart beat sensor are been used. The accelerometer
properties, POF are well suited for integration into medical sensor is MMA 726Q which is a 3-axis accelerometer, which is
textiles. Another highly important criterion for selecting POF as used to measure the acceleration of an object in general the
a medical sensor is its biocompatibility, especially in case of body movement of a patient is monitored and the body angle
fiber breakage [4]. position is measured through which the timely information
regarding the patient with respect to their body movement is
II. INTRODUCTION detected and send to the main controller.
The past several years have witnessed a hasty growth in the The data collected by this is of analog data which is
wireless network part. So far wireless networking has been transmitted to the microcontroller through the ADC as shown in
paying attention on high-speed and long range purpose. On the the figure. The micro controller sends the same information
other hand, there are many wireless monitoring and control through the transmitter to the receiver placed in the equipment
applications for industrial and home environments which present at the corresponding doctor.
require longer battery life, lower data rates and less complexity
than those from existing standards and must be a globally The transmitter section also consists of the temperature
denned standard that meets the requirement for reliability, sensor and the heartbeat sensor, to get the updated information
security, low power and low cost. For such wireless regarding the health condition of the patient. Within a narrow
applications a new standard called ZigBee has been developed range of values the human body temperature will varies and can
by the ZigBee Alliance based upon the IEEE 802.15.4 standard be measured from different parts of the body. There are various
[13].The devices could include telephones, hand-held digital factors on which this temperature depends, for example level of
assistants, sensors and controls located within a few meters of activity, time of day, and psychological factors and also
each other and purge the use of physical data buses like USB depends on whether the patient is ingestion. A normal
and Ethernet cables [9, 10]. temperature range of a human body is around 37°C [5].
The target networks consist of a large range of devices The sensor is small and can be placed anywhere on the
with low data rates in the Industrial, Scientific and Medical body, which measures the temperature ranging from 0°C to
(ISM) radio bands, with building-automation controls like 50°C. This results in fast response time and low power
intruder/fire alarms, thermostats and remote (wireless) dissipation that makes it ideal for such medical application.
switches, video/audio remote controls. In this paper a novel
wearable system is designed with the interactive posture A. Working Procedure:
caption and recognition functions based on the Non-vision over
the ZigBee Wireless Sensor Network. Current progresses in The main sections for the proposed systems are
sensor technologies and wireless communication technologies
facilitate the establishment of a novel creation of healthcare a. Transmitter section (figure 1a).
monitoring systems with wearable electronics. In this project, b. Receiver section (figure 1b).
the health status of the patient is monitored continuously by
placing sensors i.e., sensor to detect the body temperature and a. Transmitter section consists of microcontroller to which
heart beat detecting sensors, along with MEMS accelerometer MEMS, Temperature sensor LCD and ZigBee are
according to the instructions given by the microcontroller interfaced. The power to this transmitter section is supplied
inbuilt in the device. from power supply circuit.
The MMA7260Q is 3-axis accelerometer. Accelerometer b. Receiver section consists of ZigBee receiver interfaced to
measures acceleration i.e., change in speed of anything that it's PC through RS 232 the power to this Receiver section is
mounted on. As gravity causes all objects to step up towards
supplied from mains.
the earth, accelerometers are versatile for determining the
orientation of an object relative to the earth. In order to
determine how level an object, a two-axis accelerometer can be
used. This would determine a body's angle from the X and Y
accelerations on the body [9, 10]. The complete working Basic principle of operation is as follows:
principle is described in detail in the below sections. Section 3
consists of the hardware description and section 4 consists of 1. First switch ‘ON’ the power supply on both sections.
the discussion and results projected in the form of a flow chart 2. The LED present on the board glows indicating that the
and finally the last sections conclude the paper. proper power supply is being supplied to the ARM
Microcontroller
III. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION 3. At first the title will be displayed on the LCD such as
“Design of a wearable system for Interactive Caption and
The basic principal of operation is clearly explained in this Recognition Postures”.
section. The figure-1 represents the basic transmitter section,
and the receiver section is represented in the figure-2. In the
4. The MEMS is put on a movable part of the patient’s body The heart beat sensor as shown in the figure 2 is designed to
to know his position status whenever the patient has moved give digital output of heat beat when a finger is placed inside it.
or even fallen down suddenly. When the heart detector is working, the top-most LED flashes
in unison with each heart beat. This digital output can be
connected to microcontroller directly to measure the ‘Beats Per
Regulated Power Supply
Minute’ (BPM) rate. It works on the principle of light
modulation by blood flow through finger at each pulse.
3-axis
accelerometer
Sensor ADC The sensor consists of a super bright red LED and light
Micro ZigBee detector. The LED needs to be super bright as the light must
Controller pass through finger and detected at other end. Now, when the
heart pumps a pulse of blood through the blood vessels, the
Temperature ADC
Sensor RS232 Interfacing
finger becomes slightly more opaque and so less light reached
the detector. With each heart pulse the detector signal varies.
This variation is converted to electrical pulse. This signal is
ARM amplified and triggered through an amplifier which outputs
Heart Beat Sensor
Controller LCD Driver LCD +5V logic level signal. The output signal is also indicated on
LPC2148 top by a LED which blinks on each heart beat. Figure 2 show
the circuit of Heart Beat Sensor.
Crystal Oscillator
LED Indicator
The communication is done by means of the serial
communication. RS232 is a recommended standard; it is a
Reset Button
cable in which serial communications can be done. Information
being transferred between data processing equipment and
peripherals is in the form of digital data which is transferred in
Figure 1(a): Block diagram of Transmitter section
either a serial or parallel mode [9]. Parallel communications are
used mainly for connections between test instruments or
5. The temperature sensor is put to the finger of the patient to
computers and printers, while serial is often used between
know the body temperature of the patient. computer and other peripherals [13].
6. These recorded details are transmitted to the receiver
section through the ZigBee transmitter
RS232
Interface
Disadvantages:
Interfacing of sensors like flex sensor to microcontroller
is highly sensitive
Heart beat sensor takes delay time to get the heart rate of
the patient instantly.
VI. CONCLUSION
If the event fails to receive then it again send back to the Even though it provides the accurate readings, there is a
initial state where it then repeats the entire process and starts problem with the delay incured to get the data at the reciever
rechecking. At the end of the process the data is finalized to be side. At the reciever side, instead of a computer, it is better to
the right data, after which immediately the reset command is have a seperate device near the doctor so that it is possible to
activated which is the end task. So at the end the command reduce this delay also.
‘yes’ sets the reset value. And if it is a ‘no’ command then the
process set back to the program read mode.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
WEB PAGES:
[9] www.wikipedia.com
[10] www.allaboutcircuits.com
[11] www.microchip.com
[12] www.howstuffworks.com
[13] www.zigbee.org.