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Should Deciduous Teeth Be Restored? Reflections of A Cariologist
Should Deciduous Teeth Be Restored? Reflections of A Cariologist
Edwina Kidd
A contemporary view of caries of premature loss of deciduous teeth. They are smaller, with broader contacts,
The caries process is a ubiquitous, Untreated severe dental caries in pre-school the pulp chamber proportionately larger
natural process occurring in the biofilm. children may affect their body weight, relative to the size of the crown. These
This community of micro-organisms is growth and quality of life. It has been dimensions means it takes less time for
always metabolically active, causing minute reported that, following caries treatment, the lesion to reach the pulp in deciduous
fluctuations in pH. Where oral hygiene is body weight increased and quality of life compared to permanent teeth;
poor, sugar intake frequent and/or saliva improved,2 although the evidence is mixed. Loss of the deciduous second molar may
flow diminished, the consequence may be A recent study suggests that treatment of cause crowding of permanent teeth;
a net loss of mineral and the formation of the caries may not, in fact, influence body Their owners are immature;
a visible caries lesion on the tooth surface. growth.3 This study suggests that, while Their owners rely on parents for care;
The lesion should be regarded as the sign caries activity is a negative predictor for Frightening the child can have serious
or symptom of the process. However, with body growth in children, dental intervention consequences for subsequent dental care;
regular disturbance of the biofilm with a does not lead to significant improvement Pain in children is particularly worrying for
fluoride-containing dentifrice and a sensible, of growth. There appear to be no studies parents as well as children.
but not draconian diet, lesions do not have suggesting that untreated, non-severe
to form in the first place and established primary dentition decay cases (non-rampant
lesions can be arrested at any stage of lesion caries) leads to significant effects on body What constitutes the treatment
development.1 weight or growth. of caries?
However, in the absence of Since the caries lesion is a
control, lesions cannot only form, but symptom of the process in the biofilm,
can progress until the tooth is destroyed
What is special about deciduous the main treatment of caries is to manage
and caries is the predominant cause
teeth? the biofilm so that a lesion does not form
The caries process is the same in the first place, or if it does form, it is
whether teeth are deciduous or permanent. arrested. Caries control majors on non-
However, the following are relevant to the operative treatments. Note the use of the
Edwina Kidd, BDS, FDS RCS(Eng), PhD, discussion: word ‘treatment’ to imply something that
DSc, Emerita Professor of Cariology, King’s Deciduous teeth are temporary: only in is skillful, time-consuming and worthy of
College, London, UK. the mouth for 6–9 years; payment.
April 2012 DentalUpdate 159
a a d
e
b
f
c
g
Figure 2. Lower right E before (a) and
immediately after (b) fitting a Hall crown.
(Courtesy of Nicola Innes and Dental Update).
Sealing in techniques with no caries removal Figure 3. Indirect pulp capping. (Courtesy of Rene Gruythuysen and BSL, Springer Media, Houten,
Fissure sealing over active white the Netherlands.) (a) Deep carious second lower deciduous molar before indirect pulp treatment. (b)
spot caries lesions has been practised for Same tooth on bitewing. (c) After excavation of the dentine-enamel junction (DEJ). The biomass is still
many years but, in 2006,17 a new technique present in the centre of the cavity. (d) Removing biomass with a rotating prophy brush and fluoride
for sealing cavitated lesions with stainless toothpaste only. (e) After removing the biomass. Next the cavity was dried, a resin-modified glass
steel crowns was described, which at first ionomer liner (Vitrebond/3M Espe) was applied, and the cavity was restored with a compomer (Dyract/
seemed to break every rule in the book. A Dentsply Caulk). (f) Clinical result after 2 years and 4 months. (g) Radiographic result after 2 years and
stainless steel crown was cemented, with 4 months.
glass ionomer cement, on to a symptomless
deciduous tooth with no local anesthetic,
no caries removal and no tooth reduction. retrospective analysis of the work of the practice. The technique was compared to
The cemented crown was inevitably ‘high one practitioner in Scotland who devised conventional intra-coronal restorations.
on the bite’ but, in time, the occlusion the technique. These crowns are called At the operative visit, the Hall crown was
re-established. One study showed this Hall crowns after this dentist (Figure 2).19 preferred to conventional restoration by
to happen in 15–30 days.18 The crowns Subsequently, a randomized clinical trial of patients and parents, and two-year results
were shown to be very successful, in a the technique was carried out in general have shown the crown to have a better
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166 DentalUpdate April 2012