CUESTIONARIO DE REPASO

I. What is the difference between the classical approach and the statistical
approach to thermodynamics?
The difference comes in the "size" that both approaches use, since the
classical approach is macroscopic and the statistical approach is
microscopic, this is because the statistical approach studies the behavior of
large groups of individual particles.
II. Why does a cyclist accelerate when going downhill, even when I'm not
pedaling? Does that violate the principle of conservation of energy?
No, the principle of conservation of energy dictates that energy is neither
created nor destroyed, it is only transformed. In the case of the cyclist the
initial potential energy changes to kinetic, plus the same inclination will
cause an acceleration. The energy was transformed, not created.
III. One of the funniest things you can experience a person is that in certain
parts of the world an automobile motionless, when put in neutral, it goes
up a slope when you release the brake. Those events even spread on TV.
Can that really happen, or is it some illusion optics? How can you verify if
the road really is up or down?
A car emptying upstairs without the engine running would increase the
energy of the car, so it would be a violation of the first law of
thermodynamics. Therefore, this cannot happen. Using a level gauge (a
device with an air bubble between two marks on a horizontal tube of
water) it can be shown that the road that looks uphill to the eye is actually
downhill.
IV. An office worker says a cold cup of coffee at his desk heated to 80 ° C, by
taking energy from the air that surrounds, which is at 25 ° C. Is there any
truth to your claim? Does that process violate any of the laws of
thermodynamics?
It is not true because it violates the second principle of thermodynamics.
V. In a newspaper article it is stated that a machine Geared turbofan
produces 15,000 pounds of push to propel the aircraft forward. The
pound" What is mentioned here is lbm or lbf? Explain.
The "pound" mentioned here should be "lbf" since thrust is a force, and lbf
is the unit of force in the English system.
VI. A man weighs 210 lbf in a place where g = 32.10 ft / s2. Determine your
weight on the Moon, where g = 5.47 ft / s2. Answer: 35.8 lbf
F= m.a X= 1148.7/32.10 ft/s2
F= 210lb . 5.47 X= 35.8 lbf
ft/s2=1148.7
VII. You are asked to do a person's metabolic (energy) analysis. How would
you define the system for these purposes? What type of system is it?
I would call it an open system, in which masses such as air and food can
cross boundaries, as well as interact with their surroundings through
different exchanges such as heat and work, and thus determine the type
and characteristics of the different conversions.
VIII. Are you trying to understand how a reciprocating (cylinder-piston) air
compressor? What system would you use What type of system is it?
It is a closed mass system, since nothing enters or exits through it.
IX. What is the difference between intensive properties and extensive?
The extensive ones depend on the mass of the system, such as
temperature, density and pressure, while the intensive ones do not.
X. Is the weight of a system an extensive property or intensive?
It is extensive
XI. The specific molar volume of a system is defined as the ratio of the
volume of the system to the number of moles of a substance contained in
the system. Is this an extensive or intensive property?
It is an intensive property
XII. For a system to be in thermodynamic equilibrium Should the pressure and
temperature be the same in all points?
For a system to be in thermal equilibrium the temperature must be equal,
but not the pressure, however, there must not be any intervening or
present pressure forces.
XIII. What is the zero law of thermodynamics?
It states that two bodies are in thermal equilibrium if both have the same
temperature reading, even if they are not in contact.
XIV. What is the difference between gauge pressure and absolute pressure?
In a gauge pressure measurement, the difference to the actual ambient
pressure is always measured. An absolute pressure measurement measures
the difference to the ideal or absolute vacuum.
XV. One person says that the absolute pressure in a liquid of constant density
increases twice when the depth increases twice. Do you agree? Explain
why.
I disagree.
When the depth is doubled, it is the gauge pressure that is doubled, not the
absolute pressure.
XVI. State Pascal's law, and provide an example of her in the real world.
Pascal's Principle assures that any change in the pressure exerted on a fluid
at rest and confined within a vessel is transmitted homogeneously to every
point of the vessel, as long as the density of the fluid remains constant.
Such a fluid is called 'incompressible'.
 EXAMPLE
Each time the tube is squeezed to release the toothpaste, Pascal's principle
comes into action.
XVII. The temperature inside a person's body healthy is 37 ° C. How much is it
in Kelvin?
Is 310.15 °K
37° C + 273.15= 310.15° K